Atensident and consiquency of nicotine dependent

Antecedents and Consequences of

Nicotine Dependence and

Readiness to Quit among Students

Smokers of Allied Health Programs

in the Philippines

“Smoking is the perfect

way to commit suicide without actually dying”

• Damien Hirst

INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY

• Cigarette smoking is a major factor that predisposes people to

most health related illnesses today. And other problem relating

to social acceptance, religion and more.

RESEARCH DISCUSSION

The research aims to discuss the process of data collection, research questionnaire used,

data collected, and the result findings

Theoretical FrameworkDorothy Johnson’s Behavioral Systems Theory.

Giving of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness. The subsystem are interrelated and if one is

altered the others will be altered

Albert Bandura’s Self-Efficacy theory.While the Self-Efficacy theory explains the

change of human behaviorFocuses on:

perception of their ability to reach a goalhuman motivation

LITERATURE REVIEW

Age Religion

Socioeconomic

Nicotine dependence

Health related quality of life

Problem Statement/Variable Discussion

AGE Age was used to determine if there is any relationship of nicotine dependency.

RELIGION

Religiously active persons are less likely to smoke cigarettes, and if they do smoke, smoke fewer cigarettes. Given that smokers who are less religious have the higher dependency compared to religious active people.

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

NO POCKET MONEY

In a study it was observed that socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers find quitting more difficult, possible because lack of support for quit attempts, greater addiction to tobacco, less motivation to quit and less compliance to treatment (Hiscock, R.)

NICOTINE DEPENDENCE

The heaviness of smoking can be considered the degree to which

an individual is attached to cigarette smoking

HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE

The health benefits of smoking cessation include a reduction of the risk of lung and other cancers, heart attack, stroke, and chronic lung disease.

HRQoL

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY We believe that there will be a differences in demography related to nicotine dependence

and readiness to quit

We believe that there is impact of nicotine dependency to health related quality of life

That there is a possible impact of readiness to quit to health related quality of life

Research Simulacrum Research Simulacrum

Research design

• The design used for the research was a quantitative approach, and

Descriptive Correlation. This design uses the dependent variables and

independent variables to find a significant relationship of the data.

This was done by self-evaluation through the use of questionnaires for

the correspondent to provide information about their habit of

smoking, and dependent to nicotine to health related quality of life.

Research Locale

Research Population

Snowball Sampling

Involve two main

step

Identify a key

individuals

ask them to help you identify the

individuals that fit the trait of the

desire sample, or simply directing you

to them

Research Ethics

Research Instrument

THE QUESTIONNAIRE IS DIVIDED INTO 4 SETS;

1. DEMOGRAPHIC

QUESTIONNAIRE

2. QUIT LADDER

3.EUROPEAN QUESTIONNAIRE, 5-

DIVISION AND 5-LEVEL ( EQ-5D-5L)

Current smoking quitting smoking, and Have already

quit smokinmg

4.FAGERSTROM TEST

FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE

Demography profile

age,

gender,

religion, socio

economic status,

and education

attainment.

(Demographic) Currently smoking.

Ask how long the participant

has been smoking,

how many sticks they

smoke per day,

how soon after they wake they

smoke.

(Demographic) have already quit smoking

• how long they have quit smoking.• It will ask if they are tempted to start again

Quit Ladder

The Readiness to Quit Ladder is a 1-10 scale that provides

statements or thoughts that the smoker may be having to indicate

their readiness to quit tobacco smoking.

EQ-5D-5L.

• mobility, • self-care, • usual activities, • pain/ discomfort, and• anxiety/ depression.

Comprises of 5

Dimensions; •no, •slight, •moderate, •severe, and •unable or extreme. Within these

dimensions there are 5

levels which includes

This instrument is used for the individual to rate his health on the current day. The second part of the tool is a scale of 0-100

with

FAGERSTROM TEST FOR NICOTINE DEPENDENCE

Used to score the dependent of smoking per day by quantity, onset and habit of smoking

3.6 Data collection

Data AnalysisThe data was analyzed using

T-test used to describe two variables

Variance Anova used to compel variable that are categories

Pearson’s Correlation used to show relationship of variables of scales

THE RESULT

Demographic profile of the respondents (n=262)

Table one present the demographic profile of the respondents. Majority of the respondents are 19- 21 years old, male middle class, Roman catholic and in the undergraduate level

4.1

Categorical Variables f %Age interval

19-21 130 49.622-24 73 27.925-27 43 16.428-30 11 4.231yrs and older 5 1.9

Genderfemale 82 31.3male 180 68.7

ReligionAgnostic 1 0.4Atheist 5 1.9Buddhist 1 0.4Muslim 12 4.6Hindu 15 5.7Christian 52 19.8

Catholic 159 60.7Methodist 1 0.4Iglesia Ni Cristo 15 5.7Protestant 1 0.4

Socio-economicHigh 8 3.1Low 7 2.7Middle 131 50No Response 116 44.3

Educational AttainmentUndergrad 171 65.2Grad School 45 17.2no response 46 17.6

Nicotine Dependency, Intention To Quit And Health Related Quality Of Life

Table 2 present the mean score of the participants’ nicotine dependency which is low to moderate, readiness to quit which is 7 meaning a plan to quit in 30 days, and health related quality of life which is no problems in all five dimensions.

4.2

CONTINUOUS VARIABLES MEAN SD Variable Interpretation

Nicotine Dependency 3.02 2.12 A score of 3 means low-moderate dependent to nicotine

Readiness (quit ladder) 6.82 2.08 A score of 6 means there is a plan to quit in the next 6 months. A score of 7 means there is a plane to quit in the next 30 days

Mobility 1.18 0.46 No problem

Self-Care1.16 0.53 No problem

Usual Activities1.27 0.61 No problem

Pain/ Discomfort1.31 0.58 No problem

Anxiety/ Depression1.46 0.82 No problem

Demographic Differences On Nicotine Dependency

Table 3 shows that there is no significant difference exist in the nicotine dependency of the respondents when grouped according to age, religion, social class, and educational attainment. However, a significant difference exist when respondents are group according to SEX

4.3

Demographic Vs Readiness To Quit Mean(sd) Test

Statistic P-value Interpretation

Age Interval(n=257)19-21yrs 2.99(2.06)

F=0.414 0.743 No Difference22-24yrs 2.93(2.06)25-27yrs 3.21(2.26)28-30yrs 2.45(2.16)

Gender(n=262)Female 3.4(2.21) T=1.989 0.048 With DifferenceMale 2.84(2.06)

Religion(n=258)Roman Catholic 3.04(2.05)

F=0.35 0.93 No Difference

Muslim 3.17(2.29)Christian 2.81(2.13)Hinduism 2.87(2.39)Iglesha Ni Cristo 3.33(2.41)Atheist 3.6(2.70)

Socio-economic Status(n=146)

Low 2.14(1.46)

F=0.498 0.609 No DifferenceMiddle 2.85(2.06

)High 3.13(1.81

)Educational Attainment (N=215)

Undergrad 3.15(2.20) T=0.948 0.344 No

DifferenceGrad School 2.67(2.06)

*Significant At 0.05

Demographic Difference On Readiness To Quit

There is no significant differences between demographic differences on readiness to quit related to Age, Gender, Socioeconomic Status, And Educational Attainment. But there is a significant relationship of religion to readiness to quit (p=0.046).

4.4

Demographic vs readiness to quit mean(SD) test

statisticp-

valueInterpretati

onage interval(n=257)

19-21yrs 7.08(2.09)F=1.312 0.271 no difference22-24yrs 6.60(2.08)

25-27yrs 6.70(2.09)28-30yrs 6.18(1.89)

gender(n=262)female 6.91(2.06) t=0.473 0.637 no differencemale 6.78(2.10)

religion(n=260)Roman catholic 6.92(1.91)

F=2.083* 0.046 with difference

Muslim 6.67(2.54)Christian 6.96(2.260Hinduism 7.0(1.69)

INC6.139(2.450

)Atheist 6.2(2.07)

Socio-economic Status(n=146)

Low 7.29(1.70)F=0.34

5 0.709 No Difference

Middle 6.91(1.91)

High 7.38(1.69)Educational Attainment (N=215)

Undergraduate 6.81(2.12) T=o.143 0.886 No

DifferenceGraduate School 6.82(1.74)

*Significant At 0.05

Impact of nicotine dependency to health related quality of life (HRQoL)

Table 5 present that there is significant association between the nicotine dependency and health related quality of life namely, mobility, self care and pain/discomfort,

Impact of Nicotine Dependency to Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)

Quality Of Life R (Pearson Correlation )

P-value Interpretation

Mobility 0.141* 0.022 Significant( Weak Positive)

Self-care 0.152* 0.014 Significant(weak Positive)

Usual Activities 0.05 0.423 Not Significant

Pain/Discomfort 0.145* 0.019 Significant(weak Positive)

Anxiety/Depression 0.094 0.128 Not Significant

* Correlation Is Significant At The 0.05 Level

Impact Of Readiness To Quit To Health Related Quality Of Life (HRQoL)

• Table 6, shows that there’s a weak negative association between the readiness to quit smoking and level of pain/discomfort, and between readiness to quit smoking and anxiety or depression which are both statistically significant.

• However, weak negative but not statistically were observed between readiness to quit smoking and mobility, self-care, and usual activities.

Quality of Life r p-value Interpretation

Mobility -0.059 0.338 not significant

Self-care -0.059 0.344 not significant

Usual activities -0.099 0.110 not significant

Pain/Discomfort -.146* 0.018 significant (weak negative association)

Anxiety/Depression -0.247* 0.000 significant (weak negative association)

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level

Impact of Readiness to Quit to Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)

Demographic differences on Nicotine Dependency shows females are more dependence

Demographic differences on Readiness to Quit shows Hindus are more ready to quit

The impact of Nicotine Dependence on Health Related Quality of Life shows a significant inverse relationship with mobility, self-care, and pain/discomfort

The impact of Readiness to Quit on Health Related Quality of Life shows an inverse relationship with pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression

Conclusion

Each of us should think of the future. Every puff on a cigarette is another tick closer to a time

bomb of terrible consequences.