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.ANEWLOOK. AT
·· .. ,·
MODERN INDIAN HI~STORY (From 1707. to the Modet..;-Tini~s) · · · · ·
' . >. 1, ~· :: . : • • .' 'r; \-I
SPECIAL FEATURES' ··
**** Who's Who in Modern India . l,;,_:_i·.i: 1j 10'"'.·.:·._I':
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may oe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in anyforin or by any 'Tfea.ns, electronic;, mechanical, photocopying,
· recording or otherwise, witho14t the prior pe'!fllssion 'of the Publisher. . . . • ·
:Twenty Third Revised Hindi and Marathi Edition.of.the book are also oval/able : \ , . . . .
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may iJe t:eproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in anyform or by anyrv{!ans, e~ectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, withOflt.the prior perm/ssi<ln of the Publisher. . . . . I . ,
;Twenty Third Revised Hindi and Marathi Edition.of the book are also available· ,, ' ' ,
CONTENTS Chapter ': ,.;,' ' .. -· ·· Page"
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1.
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2 •.
t f"·
Th~ British Conquest oflndia: An Overview and Approach ·· · <; · ; ,,; ·•' ··~' .. Triangular Struggles in North and South India. Historical Forces and Factors for British Successes .. British Conquest oflndia-Accidental or Plarmed.?. ; .. ~ritish Rule in India-A Blessing or a Curse ? Se_~ect Opinions. De~line and Disintegration of the Mughal Empire.
Later Mughal Emperors Later Mugruil Nobility P~rties at the Mughal Court Role of the saiyid Brothers in Later Mughal Politics
· Estimate of the Saiyid Brothers
Select Opinions The Rise of Mew States . Nizams of the Deccan Oudh Rajielrui and Bangash Pathans, Beqgal· The Rajputs, TheJats, The Marathas Foreign Invasions from the North-West Nadir Shah's Invasion, 1738-39 Ahmad Shah Abdalils Invasions
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Causes of the Downfall of the Mughal Empit;e ·.: : , ., , , . ., . . . ;', ...... .
Selectqpinions .:.•,·;.:···; i·.>. ·····.·,, , .. .,, Social and Economic C:onditions in the Eight~e,~~pegtqcy .. , . , , . , .
Ach.ie~ements of the Early Peshwas }. . '·, ''·' ··.·····.
The.ThirdBattle ofPanipat, 14 January 1761 Causes of Maratha· defeat Pqlitical significance of the Battle 0£Panipat;t1:;;:;
(ix) ',!.
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. ·"
1-20 .·
1
2 2 .. 3· 5·:
5 6·
'6
7. ·7
7. ··s. ·9
9 li 12 16'
18 21--33
21 2.l 23,1
24 26 26 ']J
29 29 31 31 32
(x)
Chapter
3.. . Maratha Administration UJ1der the Peshwas
TheRajaofSatara The peshwa·
The Central Administration
The Provincial and District Administration Local or Village Adininist;i"ation Town Administration
Administration of Justice · ·The Revenue Administration The Maratha Military System EmpIOyment of foreigners
· Select Opinions
4.. Angio-French Rivalry in the Carnatic
. The First Carnatic War
.The. Second Camatic War . · , The Third Carnatic War
Causes for the Failure of the French· · .:~ Select Opinions ·
5::0 .The Rise of the English Power in Bengal ... "
'; . .I'.
The Black Hole
The Battle of Plassey
Importanace of the Battle of Plassey Deposition of Mir Jaffar
Treaty with Mir Kasixn, september 17 60 1
Mir Kasim as an Administrator
Mir Kasim and the East India Company : .. The Battle of Buxar and its importance
Select Opinions on the Battle of Plassey Select Opinions on the battle of Buxar Career and Achievements ofDupleix Dupleix as an Administrator · ·· . Dupleix as a diplomat
Dupleix as a Leader · , , .Recal ofDupleix
... · .. '·PoiiticalideasofDupleix
\ ~--··
Dupleix 's Place in History ·.select Opinions
Clive's Second Governorship of Bengal, 1765-6'1
Clive's sett~ement with Oudh and Shah Alam II· · · · Settlemenkt of Bengal-The dual System· . Clive 's justification of the Dual System . ' . . . .
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Page
34:..;40
34 34 35 35 36 36 36.
37 38 39 39
41-48
41 42 43·
-44 47
.. 49-58
49
50 51 52 52 53 54 ... 56 56 57
.. · ·.·· .59-63 ••• 59
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6)
61 . 61 61 62;
62 64-69
64 65 65
(x1)
Chapter 'Page
8.
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10.
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Evil effects of the Dual System Clive's Administrative Refonns Estimate of Clive Select Opinions
• ;~;. (i6
OJ . \ •.. ; 68
..•.. ••• (£), Warren Hastings, 1772-85 ·
Administrative Refonns I : ' ~
. ~· ' 70-82 70 70 Revenue Refonns
JudicialRefonns Col1111l(:rcialRefoiltlS
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The Regulating Act and Conflict in the Council TheTrialofNandKumar, 1775 External Relations under Warren Hastings . Relations with Shah Alam II Relations with Oudh The Rohilla War 1774 The Fitst anglo-Maratha War, 1776~82 · The Second Anglo-Mysore War, 1780-84 · · The Affairs of Chait Singh and begums of Oudh Estimate of Warren Hastings Select Opinions . . . , Administrative Reforms of Cornwallis; 1786-93
Revenue and Commercial Refonrui Permaneriet Settlement of Bengal, 1793 . Cornwallis completed the work ofWarrne Hastings Estimated of Cornwallis . Sefoct Opinions Lord 'Wellesley, 1798-1805
The Subsidiary Alliance System . : Advantages· of the Subsidiary. Alliance system to lhe Company Disadvantages of the Subsidiary Alliance System to. India11 Sta~e; · · Wellesley and the French Menace · · ·
· Estimate ofWellesley Select Opinions , , Mysore Under Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan
The FirstAnglo-Mysore war, 1767-69 The SecondAngl~~Mysore War; 1780-84 The Third Anglo-Mysore War, 1790-92 TheFourthAnglo-Mysore War, 17~9 • · · · ' Administration of Tipu Sultan
' Estimate of Tip\l Sultan Se.lect Opinions · ·
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71 1l 1l 73
' 74 75 75 75
" 76 .~· . .: : 79
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79 &'.> .
81 83-91
83 85 85 86 8')
ro . 91
'92-101 92 .
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93 94 95
. \':! ···:: 100 100
- l02-107
102 .. ,,'
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103 103 104 104
'106
107
(xii)
Chapter
t'i;~' Lord Hastings and Establishment of British Paramount~y in India· ; .\cige. .
:. /~.~ ... '.108-116
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13.
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14.
The Anglo-Nepal War, 1814-18 . ; Lord Hastings and the Indian States
' The Pindaris
· ; · Hasting's Policy towards the Marathas ' ···.,;:., ', '
Administrative Reorganisation under the Crown, 1858-1947 ,'.:'.' :;i ,·;:;.;; 203-209
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New Administrative set-up The Secretary of State arid the India Office : The Government oflndia Reorganisation of the Army Administrative Decentralisation;. . , ·;
· Local Bodies ,, · · Econorllic Policy
24~1
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Civil Services , ·" 1
Relations with Princely States An Overview India Under Lytton and Ripon
Lytton and Free Trade Financial Reforms
" ·: , TheFamineof1876-78
The Royal Titles Act, 1876 '' . ,.
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The Vernacular Press Act and The Arms Act, 1878. · .!l ,
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The Statutory Civil s'ervice Estimate of Lytton Select Opinions Lord Ripon's Reforms . Resolution on Local Self-Government
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I >' f ;:J:;),< 203
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203;
2<» 2<» 205
206
206
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208
< i ''. :OTf :.:., ·.:- 210-219
::··; ·'' ' ' :; ;;, •.! 210
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210~
211 211
211-12 212 213 213 214
215
Chapter. ,
Educational Reforms . The Ilbert Bill Controversy 1883-84 Estimate ofRipon Select Opinions ·
(xv)
25. Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, 1899-1905
Adrninistrative Reforms The Partition of Bengal, 1905
The Foreign Policy of Curzon Curzon-Kichener Controversy and Resignation of Curzon Estimate ofCurzon· Select Opinions
26. Anglo-Afghan Relations
Circumstances leading to the First Afghan War Estimate of Auckland's Policy John Lawrence's Policy of Masterly Inactivity Estimate ofLawrence's Policy Afghan Policy. under Mayo and Northbrook · Lytton and the Second Afghan War Estimate ofLytton's Policy Anglo-Afghan Relations from Ripon to World War I ·
27. The North-West Frontier
The Sind Frontier and Jacob's Policy The Panjab Frontier The Forward Policy The Durand Agreement Curzon's Policy
28. The Indian States
East India Company's Struggle for Equality, 1740-65 TheRingFencePolicy, 1765-1813 Policy of Subordinate Isolation, 1813-57 Indian States under the Crown Policy of Subordinate Union, 1857-1935 Curzon and the Indian States · ·
The Chamber of Princes Policy ofEqual Federati~n, 1935-47 Integration and Merger of States
The Reorganisation of States
29. History of the Growth and Development of Education in India
Early efforts to foster Oriental learning
Growing popularity of\yesterri learnillg and Rain Mohan Roy Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy
·;Page
. ... 216 216 218 218
' ' - 220-231
... 220
... 222 224
.... 227 ·228
••.• 229
·-'232-242 : { 232
234
... 235
... 236 238 238 240 242
- 243-247
... 243 ; 244 ...
245 246 246
-'248-256
... 248 249 249
... 251
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253 ... 254 ... 255 ... 255
256 ·~·257-266
257 <-·. 257
258
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. c4#fater ··:o'-Page \;;::. °Charles Wood's Despatch on Education, 1854
The Hunter Education C~unAfssion, 1882-83 • Tlie Indian Universiti~s Act: 1904 · · · ; ·.
Political Associations in Madras Presidency'; . . ;; . , , ... ; .. · ,, .. Trends Towards a Grand United National Political ~r~~nisa,tion Organis~_tion ·:;. , Foundation of the Indian Natio~al Congress . . · · ·. " ' .. · · · .' ..
A.· 'Karl Marx on the British Rule in India B. Karl Marx on the Future Results of the British Rule in India C Karl Marx on the Indian Revolt D. The Role of Classes during the Revolt of 1857 E E
_G
List of Governors, Governors-General and Presidents . . Chronology of Principal Events. , ,. Who's who in Moder~ Indla .
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477 477 477 478 478 478
480 481 481 482.
.;. 484-494
484
485
485 485
486
487 487 488 488
489
490
490
492
493
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499 503 5(X)
H I.
Activities of the Christian Missions During British Rule Objective Type Information ih Wars fought during Modern indian History ...
. J. The People's Movements iri the Pri-ncelyStates· · · · · · ·
Emergence of Political co'n~cio~sne~s in Princely States Princely States' Role in British Policy of 'Divide and Rule' Peoples' Movements in States and Princes' Reactions
~ . ' . World War II and States' Peoples' Participation in India's Freedom Struggle ·
Subhas Chandra bose and the l.N.A. L ConCise Encyclopedia of Indian Freedom Struggle
527 528
529 536
(xxiil)
LISTOFMAPSWITHDFSCRIPTIVENOTFS 1. The French Wars in the Carnatic 42
2. India, 1772-85 (Warren Hastings' time) 77 3. India in 1805 (Extension ofBritish Dominion under Wellesley (1798-1805)) ... 98
4. India in 1818 (Extension of British Dominion under Lord Hastings) 120
5. Sind and the Punjab 133 6. India in 1856 (Expansion ofBritish Dominion under Dalhousie) 159