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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY

Safety and welfare measures are inevitable to any organization where

workers are involved. An organization’s responsibility to its employees extends

beyond the payment of wages for their services. The employee’s safety and

welfare on and off the job within the organization is a vital concern of the

employer. roviding a safe and healthy environment is a pre!re"uisite for any

productive effort. This research deals with the study on the safety and welfare

measures provided to the employees at #ochin ort Trust.

1.1.1 Problem Identification

$nlike other industries% the employees of the ort are often exposed to

different and new cargo which they may not have been familiar with earlier. The

employees have to deal with huge machinery and handle heavy cargo and

containers. The unfamiliarity in the nature of cargo they handle and the danger

involved in handling them makes the employees prone to higher degree of risk.

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Satisfying or fulfilling the safety and security needs of the workers%

would give them a better motivation and more time to concentrate on job

performance. A voluntary approach on the part of the management to offer

welfare programmes which are over and above what is laid down by the law%

would boost the morale of the employees and motivate them to perform better. A

preliminary study conducted by the researcher with respect to safety and welfare

showed that there was scope for improvement in certain areas. This formed the

basis of the research problem.

1.1.2 Obecti!e" of t#e "t$d%

Primar% Obecti!e & To study the level of satisfaction of employees regarding

safety and welfare measures at #ochin ort Trust.

Secondar% Obecti!e" & To study the perception of the employees regarding the

safety and welfare measures provided to them.

To analyze if the level of satisfaction is different among the various

categories of employees and departments.

To suggest provision of more safety and welfare measures to improve

the performance of the employees.

1.1.' Sco(e of t#e "t$d%

This study would give an overview of the safety and welfare measures

existing at #ochin ort Trust. Since safety and welfare are two important

elements essential for improving the productivity of an organization% a study on

the existing safety and welfare measures would help the organization perform

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better. This study would throw light on the perception of the employees regarding

safety and welfare. #ochin ort Trust can identify the areas where it can improve

so as to improve the performance of the employees. This study would also help

to analyze if there is a dependence between departments and categories and

the level of satisfaction of safety and welfare measures and suggest provisions of

more safety and welfare measures.

1.1.) *imitation" of t#e "t$d%

The study was restricted to the class ((( and class () non ministerial

staff of #ochin ort Trust.

*ue to time constraints the sample size had to be confined to &+,.

The respondents have replied to the "ueries recalling from their

memory. Therefore recall bias and personal bias are possible.

Since the data was collected using a schedule% the interviewer’s

inability to understand and record the responses correctly is possible.

The respondents were unable or unwilling to give a complete and

accurate response to certain "uestions.

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1.2 CO+PANY PRO,I*E

1.2.1 T#e (rofile of t#e com(an%

#ochin has been an important gateway to (ndia for centuries in the

past for merchants and seafarers of the est and the /iddle 0ast. (t enjoys a

uni"ue locational advantage lying on the direct sea route to Australia and the 1ar

0ast from 0urope. The cruising distance to #ochin from this main route is a mere

&, nautical miles% making #ochin nearer to the maritime highway than #olombo.

The ort is the natural gateway to the vast potential industrial complex and

growing produce markets of South est (ndia. The ort of #ochin is located on

the illingdon (sland at latitude 2 degree +3’ north and longitude 45 degree &6’

east on the South est coast of (ndia about 2-, km south of 7ombay and -',

km north of 8anyakumari.

The architect of the modern port of #ochin was Sir 9obert 7ristow% the

harbour engineer of /adras :overnment. (t was due to his tireless efforts and

unparalleled devotion that made the #ochin ort a reality. (t became a /ajor ort

in &2-5. #ochin ort also boasts to be the first (ndian port to receive container

vessels in &24-. The ort provides round!the!clock pilotage to ships. There is an

efficient network of railways% roads% waterways and airways connecting the ort

with the different hinterland centers spread over the states of 8erala% Tamil ;adu

and 8arnataka.

1.2.2 Or-aniation "tr$ct$re

#ochin ort Trust is an autonomous body under :overnment of (ndia

and is managed by a 7oard of Trustees constituted by the :overnment of (ndia.

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This board is headed by the #hairman. The :overnment of (ndia may from time

to time nominate the trustees in the board representing various interests.

T#e Port Tr$"t /oard consists of

The #hairman% the *y. #hairman and members representing

a< The (ndia ;avy

b< /inistry of Surface Transport

c< :overnment of 8erala

d< #ustoms *epartment

e< (ndian 9ailways

f< Sea 1ood (ndustries

g< #ochin 9efineries

h< Ship =wner’s Association

i< #hamber’s of #ommerce and (ndustries

j< >abour 9epresentatives

The various departments at #oT are Administrative dept% #entral

Accounts dept% Traffic dept% /echanical 0ngineering dept% #ivil 0ngineering dept%

/arine dept and /edical dept.

1.2.' 0allar(adam Container Tran""#i(ment Terminal

1or the development of an (nternational #ontainer Transshipment

Terminal% #ochin port has the geographical locational advantage of being very

close to the trunk trade route between 0urope ? Arabian :ulf @ 1ar east ? $SA.

There is also a large area of vacant land in )allarpadam (sland% adjacent to

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deeper channels for the development of the terminal. *ubai orts (nternational%

one of the world’s leading port operators have signed an agreement with the

#oT to construct% develop and operate an (#TT at )allarpadam. *( has been

granted a -3 year concession for the exclusive operation and management of the

site and will share --.-- of the revenue with #oT. The container hub project

at )allarpadam is expected to be completed in four years ad commercial

operations in another one year. #onstruction of a new four!lane bridge and

highway access to the :olden Buadrilateral road network is already under way.

(:T> has taken over container operations at the 9:#T from April.

)allarpadam is the largest single!operator container terminal currently

planned in (ndia and the first in the country to operate in a S0C. The new terminal

is expected to reduce (ndia’s dependence on foreign ports to handle

transshipment of cargo. Strategically located on the main east!west global

shipping lanes% #ochin is destined to develop as the premier gateway to

Southern (ndia while offering an alternative to Sri >anka and Singapore for

container transshipment.

1.2.) Safet% and elfare mea"$re" at Coc#in Port Tr$"t

Safety and elfare measures at #ochin ort Trust is as per the

1actories Act% &263 in the workshop and the *ock orkers DSafety% Eealth @

elfare< 9egulations% &22, in the wharf.

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Safet% mea"$re" (ro!ided to t#e em(lo%ee" at Coc#in Port Tr$"t

#ochin ort Trust keeps up a safety day or "afet% ee every year as

per the instructions from the ;ational Safety #ouncil. This is in view to give

awareness to workmen about the necessity of safety in the workplace and the

duty of the workers to follow safety. ;otices are displayed about the programmes

that are to be held. The safety flag is hoisted and a safety pledge is taken.

At #ochin ort Trust a "afet% committee has been formed comprising

of e"ual representations from the workers and the management. The safety

committee meets once in six months and makes a study on the safety

precautions and measures% hears any defects reported by the workers and

immediate actions are taken to rectify them. )arious safety measures are

provided for the employees of #ochin ort Trust. $niforms are provided for all the

employees. Safety helmets according to (S( standards are provided. ;on!skid

safety shoes with metal covering in the front to protect the foot are provided.

Aprons% goggles% gloves% gum boots% safety belts and ear pads are provided tothe employees. /onthly "afet% trainin- (ro-ramme" are conducted wherein

two employees from each of the two wharfs are chosen to attend the training at

the #ochin ort Training (nstitute.

Some of the safety training programmes attended by the employees areF

ST# 2+ F Standard Training #ertificate of atch 8eeping

01A F 0lementary 1irst Aid

SS9 F ersonal Safety Social 9esponse

111 F 1ire revention and 1ire 1ighting

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To monitor the safety provisions of the ort% there are two "afet%

In"(ector" appointed by the :overnment G The (nspector of 1actories and

7oilers for the workshop and the *ock Safety (nspector for the wharfs. The

Safety (nspectors conduct inspections once in three months and record their

observations.

Safet%3 Healt# and En!ironment Polic%

#ochin ort Trust is committed to ensuring safety and health of its

employees who shall adhere to the safe working practices and safety policy and

to adherences to statutory safety regulations applicable to port besides protection

of environment in all port operations.

4elfare mea"$re" (ro!ided to t#e em(lo%ee" at Coc#in Port Tr$"t

#ochin ort Trust provides various amenities to the employees in

addition to the primary facilities like drinking water% latrines and washing facilities.

+edical facilitie" F A general hospital with &+, beds has been provided with

analytical laboratory% H!ray facilities% ultraviolet rays% 0.#.: facilities% infra red

rays% air!conditioned operation theatre% labour room etc%. )arious specialists also

visit the ort Eospital weekly for special treatment. A well e"uipped dispensary

functions in the workshop. The ort Eospital renders its services to all employees

their dependents% retired employees and their spouses.

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Canteen" & There are &' canteens functioning in #ochin ort Trust and all of

them are run by welfare clubs F

orkshop #anteen% #ontainer Terminal #anteen% 0rnakulam harf

#anteen% Eospital #anteen% Sanitary #anteen% #ivil Section #anteen% 0.*.#

#anteen% /arine #anteen% #.A.* #anteen% ort works #anteen% /attanchery

harf #anteen% =fficers #anteen.

They have been given utensils% rent free accommodation% furniture%

water and electricity. =ut of these &' canteens% a sum of 9s. &.& lakh per month

is given to the elfare #lub for running the orkshop #anteen as subsidy% which

is a canteen under the 1actories Act.

Re"t room"% Shelters and >unch rooms are provided in all work sites?sections.

Recreational and c$lt$ral facilitie"

9eading rooms% libraries% clubs and sports and games have been provided for

the employees of #oT.

,amil% Plannin- Pro-ramme" F 1amily lanning =perations and follow up

attention is undertaken at the ort hospital freely. (n addition to the above%

special casual leave% sach awards etc.% are given to ort employees? their

spouses who undergo family planning operations according to the :overnment of

(ndia rules from time to time.

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Ed$cational facilitie" F #hildren 0ducational Allowance and reimbursement of

tuition fees are granted upto Eigher Secondary classes according to :overnment

rules. )arious schools that are functioning in the ort Trust are Sisu )ihar

D;ursery school<% Sir 9obert 7ristow rimary and Secondary School and

8endriya )idyalaya. Scholarships are awarded to the deserving children of ort

employees.

Tran"(ort ,acilitie" F 0xcept in the case of crew of floating crafts% no free

transport is provided. 7ut the ort provides loans for employees for purchasing

two wheelers or four wheelers.

Co5o(erati!e E"tabli"#ment" F #ochin ort 0mployees’ #o!operative Society

runs a bank providing loan facilities and financial assistance to the ort

employees. The Society runs a *eath!#um!9etirement benefit scheme by which

the employees are benefited.

Ho$"in- ,acilitie" F A total of 266 residential "uarters are being provided by the

ort Trust for their employees.

S#o((in- ,acilitie" F Shop rooms have been given on nominal rents to the #ivil

Supplies #orporation and 0rnakulam *epartment Store for running grocery shop.

A branch of 8endriya 7handar% three kiosks and a shopping center are also

functioning in the illington (sland.

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,ir"t 6 Aid ,acilitie" F 1irst aides have been posted at the following places with

necessary first aid boxes at *ry *ock% South #oal 7erth% ;orth #oal 7erth%

/attanchery harf and 0rnakulam harf. Ambulance vans are also provided at

the ort Eospital.

E75-ratia (a%ment" F 0x!gratia payments are usually made when a worker or

his family member is directed by the ort Eospital for specialist treatment to other

hospitals% when the treatment involves a sizeable expenditure which is not re!

imbursable% when the workman is on 0=> for a long time on account of illness%

for funeral expenses of employees in respect of whom re"uests are received% to

give relief to those who suffer from natural calamities like storm % fire etc.

Com(a""ionate a((ointment" F (n the event of employees dying in harness or

medically invalidated% their next of kins are registered fro employment assistance

and provided employment depending upon their "ualification and availability of

vacancies.

1.' RE0IE4 O, *ITERATURE

(n &223 a study was conducted on the welfare measures provided to

the employees of #oT by /s. ; Sangeetha of 7harathiyar $niversity. This study

was based on the #lass ( and #lass (( employees contrary to my project work

which focuses only on the #lass (((% #lass () non!ministerial staff. This was

helpful to me with regard to the selection of samples and using statistical tools. (

have done my research work independently and both the studies are

independent.

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Definition" of "afet%

The condition of being safeI freedom from danger% risk% or injury.

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by

some agent under defined conditions

=ccupational safety is concerned with risks in areas where people

workF offices% manufacturing plants% farms% construction sites% and

commercial and retail facilities. ublic safety is concerned with

hazards in the home% in travel and recreation% and in other

situations that do not fall within the scope of occupational safety.

Definition" of elfare

Anything done for the intellectual% physical% moral and economic

betterment of the workers% whether by employers% by government

or by other agencies% over and above what is laid down by law or

what is normally expected of the contractual benefits for which

workers may have bargained.

ell!doing or well!being in any respectI the enjoyment of health

and the common blessings of lifeI exemption from any evil or

calamityI prosperityI happiness.

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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/respect

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/the

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/enjoyment

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/of

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/health

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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/common

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/blessings


http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/life

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/exemption

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/from


http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/evil



http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/calamity

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/prosperity

http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/happiness

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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/being

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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/respect


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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/health

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http://www.hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/calamity

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CHAPTER 2

+ETHODO*O8Y AND ANA*YSIS O, DATA

2.1 RESEARCH +ETHODO*O8Y

9esearch methodology is a way of systematically solving the research

problem. 9esearch methodology deals with the research design used and

methods used to present the study.

2.1.1 Re"earc# De"i-n

A research design is a detailed blue print used to guide a research

study toward its objective. The process of designing a research study involves

many interrelated decisions. The most significant decision is the choice of

research approach% because it determines how the information will be obtained.

The choice of the research approach depends on the nature of the research that

one wants to do.

The research design adopted for this study is *escriptive 9esearch.

*escriptive method was adopted because it deals with description of the state of

affairs as it exist at present

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2.1.2 Sam(lin- Tec#ni9$e"

The next step in research study after collecting data is the sampling

process. hen a decision is made to use the sample% a number of factors must

be taken into consideration. The various steps involved in the sampling process

areF

(dentifying target population.

*etermining sample frame.

Selecting sampling procedure.

*etermine sample size.

0xecute sampling

=btaining information from respondents.

:enerating information for decision making.

The target population in this study was the class ((( and class () non

ministerial staff of #oT.

The sampling techni"ue had to be selected. There are two types of sampling techni"uesF

robability sampling

;on!probability sampling

Among the probability sampling% the sampling used in this study was

Stratified sampling.

Stratified Sam(lin-

(f the population from which a sample is to be drawn does not

constitute a homogenous group% then stratified sampling techni"ue is applied so

as to obtain a representative sample. (n this techni"ue% the population is stratified

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into number of non!overlapping sub populations or strata and sample items are

selected from each stratum. (f the items selected from each stratum is based on

simple random sampling% the entire procedure% first stratification and then simple

random sampling is known as stratified sampling. The stratified sampling results

in a more reliable and detailed information. The researcher uses simple random

sampling for selection of items from each stratum.

2.1.' Sam(le "ie

Among the &-24 class ((( and class () non ministerial staff in the

organization a sample of &+, employees were taken for the study.

The whole of the population was divided into 5 strataF

#ontainer Terminal

harf

*redging and /ooring

0lectrical

*ry *ock

orkshop

$sing the method of proportional allocation% the number of samples are

selected from each stratum.

Strata No. of "am(le"

#ontainer Terminal '5

harf 6,

*redging and /ooring ',

0lectrical '3

*ry *ock '4

orkshop ,2

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Total &+,

2.1.) Tool" for Data collection

There are several ways of collecting the appropriate data. hile

deciding about the method of data collection to be used for the study% the

researcher should keep in mind% that there are ' types of data

&. rimary data

'. Secondary *ata

rimary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time

and thus happen to be original in character. rimary data can be collected either

through experiment or through survey.

The secondary data on the other hand are those which have already

bean collected by some one else and which have already bean passed through

the statistical process. (n this study% the data was collected from the primary

source through interview schedule.

2.1.: Stati"tical Tec#ni9$e"

This phase consists of the data analysis of the data collected based on

the stratified simple random probabilistic sampling techni"ue. The data collectedwere analyzed using the following methods.

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Percenta-e Anal%"i"

The number of responses of each category is summarized to

percentage format for the convenience to use other statistical tools namely pie

chart and bar diagrams.

Stati"tical tool"

C#i5S9$are Te"t

This test allows us to determine whether two attributes are

independent of each other. (n this study chi!s"uare has been used to test if there

is an association between various variables and the overall level of satisfaction of

safety and welfare measures.

χ' J K LD=i G 0i<' ? 0i M

Applying Nate’s correction F

χ' J K LDO=i G 0iO!,.+<' ? 0i M

P#i Coefficient

#hi!s"uare tells us about the significance of relation between

variablesI it provides no answer regarding the magnitude of the relation between

the two variables. This can be achieved by computing the hi coefficient which is

a non! parametric measure of coefficient of correlation. (t gives the magnitude of

the relation or the degree of association between the two variables.

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φ J √ Pχ' ?nQ

2.2 DATA ANA*YSIS AND INTERPRETATION

2.2.1 Percenta-e anal%"i"

Table 2.1

Are ade9$ate "afet% trainin- (ro-ramme" cond$cted

articulars;o. of

9espondentsercentage

Nes &&- 4+

;o -4 '+

Total &+, &,,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 4+ of the respondents opined that

ade"uate safety training programmes are conducted at #ochin ort Trust and

'+ of them opined it is not.

,i-$re 2.1

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Table 2.2

Attended Safet% trainin- (ro-ramme"

articulars;o. of


Nes 2- 5'

;o +4 -3

Total &+, &,,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 5' of the respondents have attended safety

training programmes and -3 of them have not.

,i-$re 2.2

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Table 2.'

Doe" t#e +ana-ement (ro!ide "afet% aarene""

articulars;o. of


Nes &-4 2&

;o &- 2

Total &+, &,,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 2& of the respondents opined that the

management provides safety awareness and 2 opined that it does not.

,i-$re 2.'

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Table 2.)

Safet% mea"$re" (ro!ided

Safety measures Ade"uate (nade"uate ;o =pinionSafety helmets &&& &2 ',

Safety outfits '- 6 &'-

Safety goggles 56 +6 -'

:loves &,3 -6 3

Safety shoes &6+ + ,

Safety boots &5 &- &'&

Safety mask 4+ -' 6-

Safety belt -' -' 35

>ife saving appliances '' + &'-

#ranes -3 +& 5&

1orklift trucks '4 ', &,-Eatches and spreaders &- &' &'+

Eazardous cargo &6 -4 22Inter(retation

The above table shows that -5 of the respondents feel that the safety

goggles provided are inade"uate and -6 feel that the safety measures

provided while working on cranes are inade"uate.

,i-$re 2.)

Table 2.:

U"a-e of Safet% mea"$re" (ro!ided

articulars;o. of


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Always 54 6+

Sometimes 3' +6

;ever & &

;o =pinion , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 6+ of the respondents say that they always

make use of the safety measures provided to them% +6 uses them sometimes

and & never uses it.

,i-$re 2.:

Table 2.;

Condition of mac#ine"3 e9$i(ment" and tool"

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articulars

Nes ;o

;o. of respondents

;o. of

respondents

ell designed 3- ++ 54 6+

ell maintained 34 +3 5- 6'

ell guarded 3+ +4 5+ 6-

Inter(retation

The above table shows that ++ of the respondents opined that the

machines% e"uipments and tools are well designed% +3 opined that they are

well maintained and +4 opined that they are well guarded.

,i-$re 2.;

Table 2.<

*a%o$t de"i-ned to a!oid accident"

'-

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articulars;o. of


Nes +- -+

;o -& '&

To an extent 55 66

;o =pinion , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that -+ of the respondents believe that the

layout of the workplace is designed to avoid accidents% '& says it is not so and

66 believe that to an extent the workplace is designed to avoid accidents.

,i-$re 2.<

Table 2.=

Safet% mea"$re" #el( red$ce "e!erit% of accident"

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articulars;o. of


Nes 52 65

;o &- 2

To an extent +6 -5

;o =pinion &6 2

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 65 of the respondents believe that the

safety measures provided at #ochin ort Trust help reduce the severity of

accidents% 2 believes otherwise and -5 believe that to an extent the safety

measures help in reducing the severity of accidents.

,i-$re 2.=

Table 2.>

Immediate action" taen to in!e"ti-ate accident"

'+

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articulars;o. of


Always &'' 3&

Sometimes '& &6

;ever 4 +

;o =pinion , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 3& of the respondents feel that always

immediate actions are taken to investigate accidents% &6 feel that it is so

sometimes and + feels that immediate actions are never taken to investigate

accidents.

,i-$re 2.>

Table 2.1?

Ri" factor (ercei!ed #ile orin- at Coc#in Port Tr$"t

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articulars;o. of


Nes 36 +5

;o 62 --

To an extent &4 &&

;o =pinion , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that +5 of the respondents opined that they

perceive a risk factor wile working at #ochin ort Trust% -- opined that they do

not perceive any risk factor and && opined that to an extent they perceive a risk

factor.

,i-$re 2.1?

Table 2.11

Tend to a!oid or d$e to ri" in!ol!ed in it

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articulars;o. of


Always & &

Sometimes &- 2

;ever &-5 2,

;o =pinion , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 2, of the respondents say that the never

avoid work due to the risk involved in it. 2 sometimes avoids work and &

always avoids work.

,i-$re 2.11

Table 2.12

In ca"e of accident"3 t#e mana-ement tae" -ood care of t#e em(lo%ee"

'3

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articulars;o. of


Strongly Agree -& '&

Agree 3+ +5

;o =pinion 5 6

*isagree '3 &2

Strongly disagree , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that '& of the respondents strongly agree that incase of accidents% the management would take good care of them% +5 agree

and &2 disagree to this. 6 of the respondents had no opinion on the matter.

,i-$re 2.12

Table 2.1'

Safet% mea"$re" mae %o$ feel "ec$re

'2

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articulars;o. of


Nes &'4 3+

;o '- &+

Total &+, &,,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 3+ of the respondents feel that the safety

measures make them feel more secure while working at #ochin ort Trust and

&+ of them feel otherwise.

,i-$re 2.1'

Table 2.1)

*e!el of "ati"faction of e7i"tin- Safet% +ea"$re"

-,

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articulars;o. of


Eighly Satisfactory - '

Satisfactory &'' 3&

;eutral & &

*issatisfactory '6 &5

Eighly *issatisfactory , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that ' of the respondents are highly satisfied

with the safety measures at #ochin ort% 3& are satisfied% & are neutral in

their opinion and &5 are dissatisfied with the safety measures.

,i-$re 2.1)

Table 2.1:

S#o$ld more "afet% mea"$re" be introd$ced

-&

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articulars;o. of


Nes 24 5+

;o +- -+

Total &+, &,,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 5+ of the respondents feel that more safety

measures are to be introduced and +- feel that it need not be introduced.

,i-$re 2.1:

Table 2.1;

Safet% mea"$re" to be introd$ced

articulars;o. of


-'

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roper training for all 55 53

(ncrease awareness +4 +2

(mprove "uality of shoes?mask +4 +2

ollution control 6' 6-(mprove condition of e"uipments -2 6,

(mprove condition of workplace '& ''

Training to be made practical &3 &2

=thers +& +-

Inter(retation

The above table shows that among the 24 respondents who feel that

safety measures are to be introduced% 66 feels proper training should be

provided for all workers% -3 feels the need to increase awareness about safety%

-3 feels that the "uality of shoes?mask should be improved% '3 feels that

pollution should be controlled% '5 feels the condition of e"uipments should be

improved% &6 feels the condition of workplace should be improved and &'

feels the training should be made practical.

,i-$re 2.1;

Table 2.1<

4elfare mea"$re" #el( to

--

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elfare measures help F

Strongly Agree

Agree;o

=pinion*isagree

Strongly*isagree

;o. ;o. ;o. ;o.

To create better industrialrelations &, 4 &,4 4& '' &+ && 4 ,

To create greater loyalty -, ', &&' 4+ 3 + , , ,

To foster team spirit '+ &4 &&2 42 ' & 6 - ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 4 of the respondents strongly agree to the

fact that welfare measures help in creating better industrial relations% 4& agree%

4 disagree and &+ didn’t have an opinion on this. ', of the respondents

strongly agree that welfare measures help in creating greater loyalty% 4+ agree

and + did not have an opinion. &4 of the respondents strongly agree that

welfare measures help to foster team spirit% 42 agree% - disagree and & did

not have an opinion.

,i-$re 2.1<

Table 2.1=

*e!el of Sati"faction of 4elfare mea"$re"

-6

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elfare measuresEighly

SatisfactorySatisfactory ;eutral

*issatisfactory

Eighly*issatisfa

ctory

/edical facilities &6 &,2 - '6 ,

#anteens , &,4 & + 4

9est rooms , 32 , +' 2

9ecreational facilities & 4, '6 ++ ,

#ultural facilities & 53 +' '2 ,

1amily planningprogrammes

& +' 2' + ,

0ducational facilities 6 &&' &2 &+ ,

Transport facilities , +6 3 4+ &-

#o!operativeestablishments

6, &,, &, , ,

Eousing facilities 5 &,& 6- , ,

Shopping facilities , 46 '4 62 ,

1irst!Aid facilities & &&3 ' '4 '

0x!gratia payments , 5- 5+ '' ,

#ompassionateappointments

' 3, 4 5& ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that the responses of the employees are clustered

in the satisfactory region. This shows that a majority of the respondents are

satisfied with the welfare measures at #oT. The welfare measure that most of

the employees are dissatisfied with is transport facilities.

-+

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-5

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-4

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-3

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,i-$re 2.1=

Table 2.1>

4elfare mea"$re" "ati"f% need"

articulars;o. of


Always '3 &2

Sometimes &', 3,

-2

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;ever ' &

;o =pinion , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that &2 of the respondents feel that the welfare

measures always help to satisfy their needs% 3, feels that it helps sometimes

and & believe that it never helps.

,i-$re 2.1>

Table 2.2?

*e!el of Sati"faction of elfare mea"$re"

articulars;o. of


6,

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Eighly Satisfied , ,

Satisfied &-3 2'

;eutral ' &

*issatisfied &, 4

Eighly *issatisfied , ,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that 2' of the respondents opined that they are

satisfied with the existing welfare measures% 4 are dissatisfied and & was

neutral in their opinion.

,i-$re 2.2?

Table 2.21

Di"a((ointed b% an% elfare mea"$re

articulars;o. of


6&

8/17/2019 Aswat.doc


Nes '2 &2

;o &'& 3&

Total &+, &,,

Inter(retation

The above table shows that &2 of the respondents say that they are

disappointed by certain welfare measure but 3& of them say that they are not.

,i-$re 2.21

Table 2.22

Di"a((ointed b% elfare mea"$re

articulars;o. of


/edical facilities 6 &6

6'

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#anteen food 6 &6

9est room facilities - &,

0ducational facilities ' 4

Transport facilities 5 '&#ompassionateappointment

6 &6

=thers 5 ',

Inter(retation

The above table shows that among the '2 respondents who were

disappointed by certain welfare measures% &6 were disappointed by medical

facilities% '& by the canteen food% &, by the rest room facilities% 4 by the

educational facilities% &6 by the transport facilities% and &6 by the

compassionate appointments.

,i-$re 2.22Table 2.2'

4elfare mea"$re" to be im(ro!ed

articulars;o. of


/edical facilities &2 &-

#anteens -' '&

9est rooms '2 &2

6-

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0ducational facilities &5 &&

Transport facilities -3 '+

1irst!Aid facilities &+ &,

#ompassionate appointments -4 '+

=thers '& &6

Inter(retation

The above table shows that '+ of the respondents feel that transport

facilities should be improved% '+ feels that compassionate appointments be

improved% '& feel canteen facilities be improved% &2 feel rest room facilities

be improved% && feel that educational facilities be improved% &- feel medical

facilities be improved% &, feel that first aid facilities be improved.

,i-$re 2.2'

2.2.2 Stati"tical Anal%"i"

2.2.2.1 Cate-or% of orer" and le!el of "ati"faction of e7i"tin- "afet%mea"$re"

H?& There is no significant association between the category of employees

and their level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

H1& There is a significant association between the category of employees and

their level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

66

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Table 2.2)

Eighly Skilled Skilled $nskilled

Satisfactory =bserved &+ +- +40xpected &5.3 +,.- +4.2

*issatisfactory =bserved + 4 &'

0xpected -.' 2.4 &&.&

>evel of significance J ,.,+

*egrees of freedom J '

#alculated χ' value% J '.&3333

Table value χ' R ,.,+% dfF ' J +.22&

,i-$re 2.2)

Inter(retation

Since the calculated value '.&33 falls in the acceptance region we

accept the null hypothesis against the alternate hypothesis at ,.,+ level of

significance and ' degrees of freedom.

6+

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e may conclude that there is no significant difference in the level of

satisfaction of existing safety measures among the different category of workers.

2.2.2.2 De(artment" and le!el of "ati"faction of e7i"tin- "afet% mea"$re"

H?& There is no dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of existing safety measures.

H1& There is a dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of existing safety measures.

Table 2.2:

/echanical Traffic

Satisfactory =bserved 43 '2

0xpected 46.4 -'.-

*issatisfactory =bserved &' &,

0xpected &+.- 5.4


*egrees of freedom J &

#alculated χ' value% J '.3','

Table value χ' R ,.,+% dfF & J -.36&

65

8/17/2019 Aswat.doc


Inter(retation

Since the calculated value '.3',' falls in the acceptance region we


significance and & degree of freedom.

e may conclude that there is no dependence between the

departments and the level of satisfaction of existing safety measures.

(n the /arine department a majority of 2, are satisfied with the

safety measures and &, are dissatisfied.

2.2.2.'Attended "afet% trainin- (ro-ramme" and le!el of "ati"faction of "afet% mea"$re"

H?& There is no significant association between the fact that the employees

have attended safety training programmes and their level of satisfaction

regarding the existing safety measures.

H1& There is a significant association between the fact that the employees

have attended safety training programmes and their level of satisfaction

regarding the existing safety measures.

Table 2.2;

>evel of

satisfaction1re"uency

Attended safety training programmes

Nes ;o

Satisfactory=bserved 53 +4

0xpected 44.&3 64.3'

*issatisfactory=bserved '6 ,

0xpected &6.3' 2.&3



#alculated χ' value% J &+.36'4

64

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,i-$re 2.2:

Inter(retation

Since the calculated value &+.36'4 falls in the rejection region we reject

the null hypothesis against the alternate hypothesis at ,.,+ level of significance

and & degree of freedom. Thus we accept the alternate hypothesis.

Therefore we conclude that there is a significant association between

the fact that the employees have attended safety training programmes and their

level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

hi #oefficient

φ J √ Pχ' ?nQ

J √ P&+.36'4 ? &62Q

J ,.-'5

Since the φ value is positive% there exists a direct association between

the level of satisfaction of the employees and the fact that they have attended

63

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safety training programmes. 7ut since the value ,.-'5 is very close to zero it is a

weak association.

2.2.2.)Perce(tion of ri" and le!el of "ati"faction of e7i"tin- "afet%mea"$re"

H?& There is no significant association between the perception of risk factor

and the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety

measures.

H1& There is a significant association between the perception of risk factor and

the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety

measures.

Table 2.2<

>evel of satisfaction 1re"uencyerception of risk

Nes ;o

Satisfactory=bserved 5' 5-

0xpected 52.5 ++.6

*issatisfactory=bserved '& -

0xpected &-.6 &,.5


*egrees of freedom J &#alculated χ' value% J &,.&+&3


Inter(retation

Since the calculated value &,.&+&3 is greater than the table value and

falls in the rejection region we reject the null hypothesis against the alternate

hypothesis at ,.,+ level of significance and & degree of freedom. Thus we accept

the alternate hypothesis. Therefore we conclude that there is a is a significantassociation between the perception of risk factor and the level of satisfaction of

employees regarding the existing safety measures.

P#i Coefficient

φ J ,.'5&

62

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There exists a weak positive association between the perception of risk

factor and the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the existing safety

measures.

2.2.2.: Cate-or% of orer" and le!el of "ati"faction of elfare mea"$re"

H?& There is no significant association between the category of employees

and their level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures.

H1& There is a significant association between the category of employees and

their level of satisfaction regarding welfare measures.

Table 2.2=

Skilled $nskilled

Satisfactory =bserved 42 +2

0xpected 46.+2 5-.6&

*issatisfactory =bserved & 2

0xpected +.6& 6.+2



#alculated χ

'

value% J 5.5,'4Table value χ' R ,.,+% dfF & J -.36&

Inter(retation

Since the calculated value 5.5,'4 falls in the rejection region we reject




the level of satisfaction of welfare measures among the various category of

employees.

hi #oefficient

+,

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φ J ,.'&&

There exists a weak positive association between overall level of

satisfaction of welfare measures among the various categories.

2.2.2.; De(artment" and le!el of "ati"faction of elfare mea"$re"

H?& There is no dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of welfare measures.

H1& There is a dependence between the departments and the level of

satisfaction of welfare measures.

Table 2.2>

/echanical Traffic

Satisfactory =bserved 3+ --

0xpected 3- -+

*issatisfactory =bserved + +

0xpected 4 -



#alculated χ' value% J &.&5'3


Inter(retation

Since the calculated value &.&5'3 falls in the acceptance region we


significance and & degree of freedom.

e may conclude that there is no dependence between the

/echanical and Traffic departments and the level of satisfaction of welfare

measures. All the ', respondents in the /arine department are satisfied with the

welfare measures.

+&

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2.2.2.<*e!el of "ati"faction of Tran"(ort facilitie" and o!erall le!el of "ati"faction of elfare mea"$re"

H?& There is no significant association between the level of satisfaction of

transport facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare measures.

H1& There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction of


Table 2.'?

>evel of satisfaction 1re"uencyTransport facilities

Satisfactory *issatisfactory

Satisfactory=bserved 5' 43

0xpected +4.34 3'.&-

*issatisfactory=bserved , &,

0xpected 6.&- +.34



#alculated χ' value% J +.3'-6


Inter(retation

Since the calculated value +.3'-6 falls in the rejection region we reject




the level of satisfaction of transport facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of

welfare measures.

P#i Coefficient

φ J ,.&24

+'

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There exists a weak positive association between the level of satisfaction of


CHAPTER '

,INDIN8S3 SU88ESTIONS AND CONC*USION

'.1 ,INDIN8S

'.1.1 /a"ed on Percenta-e Anal%"i"

&. The study shows that 4+ of the respondents opined ade"uate

safety training programmes are conducted at #ochin ort Trust and

'+ of them opined it is not.

'. The study shows that 5' of the respondents have attended safety

training programmes and -3 of them have not.

-. The study shows that &, of the respondents have rated the

training programmes as highly effective% 36 have rated it as

effective% + have no opinion and & says it is ineffective.

6. The study shows that 2& of the respondents opined that themanagement provides safety awareness and 2 opined that it

does not.

+. The study shows that a majority of 36 employees feel that #oT

mostly creates safety awareness through bulletin boards and the

+-

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least through safety competitions as only &6 believes that safety

awareness is created through safety competitions.

5. The study shows that -5 of the respondents feel that the safety

goggles provided are inade"uate and -6 feel that the safety

measures provided while working on cranes are inade"uate.

4. The study shows that 6+ of the respondents say that they always

make use of the safety measures provided to them% +6 uses them

sometimes and & never uses it.

3. The study shows that ++ of the respondents opined that the

machines% e"uipments and tools are well designed% +3 opined

that they are well maintained and +4 opined that they are well

guarded.

2. The study shows that -+ of the respondents believe that the

layout of the workplace is designed to avoid accidents% '& says it

is not so and 66 believe that to an extent the workplace is

designed to avoid accidents.

&,. The study shows that 65 of the respondents believe that the

safety measures provided at #ochin ort Trust help reduce the

severity of accidents% 2 believes otherwise and -5 believe that

to an extent the safety measures help in reducing the severity of

accidents.

&&. The study shows that 3& of the respondents feel that always

immediate actions are taken to investigate accidents% &6 feel thatit is so sometimes and + feels that immediate actions are never

taken to investigate accidents.

&'. The study shows that +5 of the respondents opined that they

perceive a risk factor wile working at #ochin ort Trust% -- opined

+6

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that they do not perceive any risk factor and && opined that to an

extent they perceive a risk factor.

&-. The study shows that 2, of the respondents say that the never

avoid work due to the risk involved in it. 2 sometimes avoids work

and & always avoids work.

&6. The study shows that '& of the respondents strongly agree that in

case of accidents% the management would take good care of them%

+5 agree and &2 disagree to this. 6 of the respondents had

no opinion on the matter.

&+. The study shows that 3+ of the respondents feel that the safety

measures make them feel more secure while working at #ochin

ort Trust and &+ of them feel otherwise.

&5. The study shows that ' of the respondents are highly satisfied

with the safety measures at #ochin ort% 3& are satisfied% & are

neutral in their opinion and &5 are dissatisfied with the safety

measures.

&4. The study shows that 5+ of the respondents feel that more safety

measures are to be introduced and +- feel that it need not be

introduced.

&3. The study shows that among the 24 respondents who feel that

safety measures are to be introduced% 66 feels proper training

should be provided for all workers% -3 feels the need to increase

awareness about safety% -3 feels that the "uality of shoes?maskshould be improved% '3 feels that pollution should be controlled%

'5 feels the condition of e"uipments should be improved% &6

feels the condition of workplace should be improved and &' feels

the training should be made practical.

++

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&2. The study shows that 2+ of the respondents opined that they are

happy with the welfare measures at #ochin ort Trust and +

opined they are not.

',. The study shows that 4 of the respondents strongly agree to the

fact that welfare measures help in creating better industrial

relations% 4& agree% 4 disagree and &+ didn’t have an opinion

on this. ', of the respondents strongly agree that welfare

measures help in creating greater loyalty% 4+ agree and + did

not have an opinion. &4 of the respondents strongly agree that

welfare measures help to foster team spirit% 42 agree% -

disagree and & did not have an opinion.

'&. The study shows that the responses of the employees are

clustered in the satisfactory region. This shows that a majority of

the respondents are satisfied with the welfare measures at #oT.

The welfare measure that most of the employees are dissatisfied

with is transport facilities.

''. The study shows that &2 of the respondents feel that the welfare

measures always help to satisfy their needs% 3, feels that it helps

sometimes and & believe that it never helps.

'-. The study shows that &2 of the respondents feel that welfare

measures always help in solving their problems% 4- feels it helps

sometimes% 4 feels it never helps and & has no opinion on this

matter.

'6. The study shows that 2' of the respondents opined that they are

satisfied with the existing welfare measures% 4 are dissatisfied

and & was neutral in their opinion.

+5

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'+. The study shows that &2 of the respondents say that they are

disappointed by certain welfare measure but 3& of them say that

they are not.

'5. The study shows that among the '2 respondents who were

disappointed by certain welfare measures% &6 were disappointed

by medical facilities% '& by the canteen food% &, by the rest

room facilities% 4 by the educational facilities% &6 by the

transport facilities% and &6 by the compassionate appointments.

'4. The study shows that '+ of the respondents feel that transportfacilities should be improved% '+ feels that compassionate

appointments be improved% '& feel canteen facilities be improved%

&2 feel rest room facilities be improved% && feel that educational

facilities be improved% &- feel medical facilities be improved% &,

feel that first aid facilities be improved.

'.1.2 /a"ed on Stati"tical Anal%"i"

&. There is no significant difference in the level of satisfaction of

existing safety measures among the different category of workers.

'. There is no dependence between the /echanical and Traffic

departments and the level of satisfaction of existing safety

measures. (n the /arine department 2, of the respondents are

satisfied with the safety measures and &, are not.

+4

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-. There is a significant association between the fact that the

employees have attended safety training programmes and their

level of satisfaction regarding the existing safety measures.

6. There is a significant association between the perception of risk

factor and the level of satisfaction of employees regarding the

existing safety measures.

+. There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction

of welfare measures among the various category of employees.

5. There is no dependence between the /echanical and Traffic

departments and the level of satisfaction of welfare measures. All

the ', respondents in the /arine department are satisfied with the

welfare measures.

4. There is a significant association between the level of satisfaction

of transport facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare

measures.

3. There is no significant association between the level of satisfaction

of rest room facilities and the overall level of satisfaction of welfare

measures.

'.2 SU88ESTIONS

-.& The port can ensure that safety training programmes are conducted

for all the employees% since -3 of them opined that they have not

undergone any safety training and the statistical analysis show that

there is an association between the overall level of satisfaction and

the fact that the employees have attended training programmes.

+3

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Also &2 of the employees feel that the training that is being

provided is not practical. So steps may be adopted to ensure that

training is more practical in nature.

-.' The researcher feels that the awareness for the safety is "uite low

among the employees. Steps may be undertaken to increase the

awareness and need for safety.

-.- The "uality of shoes and mask provided may be improved as +2

of the respondents have thus opined.

-.6 The management needs to pay attention to the fact that 6+ of therespondents feel that the machines% e"uipments and tools are not

well designed% 6' feel it is not well maintained% 6- feels it is not

well guarded and ding out reasons for the same.

-.+ The responses of the employees regarding the level of satisfaction

of welfare measures are clustered in the satisfactory region. The

management may take steps to convert these into highly

satisfactory.

-.5 Since +2 of the employees are not satisfied with the transport

facilities provided by the port% steps may be taken to provide

facilities especially fro employees who have to work during night

shifts.

-.4 The conditions of the rest rooms and shelters may be improved

especially in the wharf and electrical sections. They may be

provided with ade"uate fans and facilities to rest.

-.3 #anteen facilities may be provided by the port at both wharfs and

the electrical sections.

+2

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-.2 The port may ensure that medical personnel are always available at

the first aid facilities.

-.&, The port may make sure that there is no time lapse in providing the

employees jobs on compassionate grounds.

'.' CONC*USION

A study was conducted on the safety and welfare measures provided

to the employees of #ochin ort Trust.

A majority of 3& of the respondents were found to be satisfied with

the safety measures at #ochin ort% ' were highly satisfied% & was neutral in

their opinion and only &5 were dissatisfied with the safety measures.

A majority of the respondents feel secure while working at #oT and

feel that the safety measures help to reduce the severity of accidents. 0ven

though +5 of them perceive a risk factor while working at #oT% a majority of

2, never avoid work due to this risk factor.

The study again shows that there is a clustering of respondents

opinion in the satisfactory region regarding the level of satisfaction of welfare

measures. This reveals that a majority of respondents are satisfied with the

existing welfare measures. The management may take up steps to convert these

into highly satisfactory.

5,

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The few welfare measures which were dissatisfactory were transport

facilities% rest room facilities and the time lapse in compassionate appointments.

The management may concentrate on these areas to increase the satisfaction

level of employees towards the welfare measures.

5&

Aswat.doc

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