Astronomy Research Networking 22 February 2002 Jim Kennedy Gemini Observatory Important Contributions by Dick Crutcher, NCSA, UIUC Tom Troyland, UKY Arun Venkataraman, NAIC Steve Grandi, NOAO Ryusuke Ogasawara, NAOJ Pacific Rim Networking Meeting
Mar 27, 2015
Astronomy Research Networking22 February 2002
Jim KennedyGemini Observatory
Important Contributions byDick Crutcher, NCSA, UIUC
Tom Troyland, UKYArun Venkataraman, NAIC
Steve Grandi, NOAORyusuke Ogasawara, NAOJ
Pacific Rim Networking Meeting
Research Objectives
• Understand the Universe– Its Origins– Current State– Its “Destination”
• Origins of Life in the Universe
• Connecting Relativity and QCD, (GUTs/TOEs)
• And Other Modest Goals
Research Tools and Venues
• Multi “Color” Observations, Pictures & Spectra– Radio– IR– Visible– UV– X-Rays– Cosmic Rays
• Earth-Based – Less expensive and maintainable, often remote
• Space-Based– Removes atmospheric effects, even more remote
Data Types and Analysis
• Pictures - 8Kx8K, 16Kx16K, and larger
• Wavelength Spectra - like above
• Temporal Spectra - from time series
--------------------------------------------------• Raw Data Calibration and “Reduction”• Image Enhancement and Reconstruction• Aperture Synthesis – Passive and Radar• Fourier and Spherical-Harmonic Transforms• Other Sophisticated Analysis Techniques
Typical Issues
• Multi-Site, Multinational Coordination
• Geographically Diverse Communities
• Analysis of Large Data Sets
• Harsh and Remote Environments
• Economical Operations
• Effective Communication with the Public
Typical Network Approaches
• Videoconferencing (H.323), Telecollaboration
• Remote Observing, Sea Level or Remote Site
• Automated Observing Sequences
• Data Delivery to Scientists and Archives
• Remote Analysis of Data, Grid Processing
• Network-based Education and Outreach
Five Examples• Gemini Observatory: Hawaii, Arizona, Chilean Andes
– Two 8m, IR/O Telescopes, at 14,000 and 9,000 ft - Seven-nation Partnership– Hawaii, US Mainland, Australia, Chile, Canada
• Arecibo Observatory: Puerto Rico & New York– 1,000 ft Radio Telescope - US National Facility– Worldwide collaborations
• NOAO: Arizona, New Mexico, Chilean Andes– Visible and IR nighttime and solar facilities - US National Facility– US Mainland, Hawaii, Australia, Chile, Worldwide collaborations
• ALMA: Chile and elsewhere– 64-Antenna Radio Array at 16,400 ft in Chile - Multinational Partnership– Chile, Japan (planned), Others
• Subaru: Hawaii, Japan– 8m, O/IR Telescope, at 14,000– Hawaii, Japan
Kitt Peak
Arecibo
ALMA
Gemini South
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Subaru
Caveats
Each of these facilities has a great deal in common regarding their application needs, although the balance between them varies.
The numbers that follow may be too conservative since. In several cases they assume some supercomputer-level on-site processing, rather than external centers or Grid processing. This assumption could prove incorrect.
Each Gemini Telescope
• Video/Audio (low latency)• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)• Real-Time Reduction (quick look)• Data Delivery to Observers • Data Archives (CADC)• Remote Analysis• Outreach (low latency)
Bandwidth RequirementsTodayAverage: 6 Mbps Peak: 25 Mbps
2005 Average: 18 Mbps Peak: 50 Mbps
Gemini’s Primary Research Links(Logical Topography)
Gemini North
Gemini South
CADC Archive
Arecibo (NAIC)
• Video/Audio (low latency)• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)• Real-Time Analysis (e.g. pulsars and radar)• Data Delivery to Observers• Data Archives• Remote Analysis (near-real-time and batch )• Outreach (low latency)
Bandwidth RequirementsTodayAverage: 10 Mbps Peak: 45 Mbps SoonAverage: 20 Mbps Peak: 200 Mbps
NOAO: KPNO, CTIO, NSO(Each Site)
• Video/Audio (low latency)• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)• Data Delivery to Observers (several scopes)• Data Delivery to Internet (10-min turn)• Data Archives (NVO)• Remote Analysis• Outreach (low latency)
Bandwidth RequirementsTodayAverage: 10 Mbps Peak: 35 Mbps
Soon Average: 25 Mbps Peak: 60 Mbps
ALMA
• Video/Audio (low latency)• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)• Real-Time Time Series Reduction (on site?)• Data Delivery to Observers (all are remote)• Data Archives (NVO)• Remote Analysis (supercomputer/Grid)• Outreach (low latency)
Bandwidth Requirements2006 Average: 32 Mbps Peak: 130 Mbps
NAOJ: Subaru
• Real-Time Remote Observing (low latency)• Data Delivery to Observers (several scopes)• Data Delivery to Internet (near real time)• Remote Analysis• Video/Audio (low latency) • Outreach (low latency)
Bandwidth RequirementsSoon Average: 12 Mbps Peak: 155 Mbps
Future Needs
The rapid growth rate of instrument technology and sophisticated data analysis makes future bandwidth and QoS requirements difficult to predict with accuracy.
We risk to underestimate them on more than a four- or five-year time scale.
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