Astronomy @ IAG - Fapesp · CAPES GRADE: 7 ASTRONOMY TEACHERS: 33 (+4) UNDERGRADUATES: 60 GRADUATES: 90 POSTDOCS: 30 CAPES GRADE: 7 GEOPHYSICS TEACHERS: 20 (+2) UNDERGRADUATES: 190

Astronomy @ IAG Astronomy @ IAG

Laerte Sodré Jr.

Departamento de AstronomiaDepartamento de AstronomiaInstituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências AtmosféricasInstituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas

Universidade de São PauloUniversidade de São Paulo

FAPESP-NWO Workshop for Advanced Instrumentation for AstronomyFAPESP-NWO Workshop for Advanced Instrumentation for Astronomy

March 16March 16thth, 2015, 2015

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IAG: Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas

ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

TEACHERS: 18

UNDERGRADUATES: 110

GRADUATES: 60

POSTDOCS: 20

CAPES GRADE: 7

ASTRONOMY

TEACHERS: 33 (+4)

UNDERGRADUATES: 60

GRADUATES: 90

POSTDOCS: 30

CAPES GRADE: 7

GEOPHYSICS

TEACHERS: 20 (+2)

UNDERGRADUATES: 190

GRADUATES: 60

POSTDOCS: 10

CAPES GRADE: 6

Administrative/technical staff: 140

TEACHERS: 71 (+6)

UNDERGRADUATES: 360

GRADUATES: 210

POSTDOCS: 60

Good CAPES grades!

>1000 PhD and MSc!

Departments:

Astronomy

Geophysics

Atmospheric Sciences

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Departamento de AstronomiaDepartamento de Astronomia

Brief history:

1886, Geographical and Geological Commission of the State of São Paulo meteorological observations, Sun, terrestrial magnetism, legal hour & ephemerids

Astronomy Department: 1972

Program of Graduate Sudies: 1973 – the oldest still in activity in the country

Professional Master in Teaching of Astronomy: 2013

Undergraduate studies in Astronomy:

program within the Physics course: 1997

Bachelor studies in Astronomy: 2009 first students finished in 2014!

Some numbers:

Teachers: 33 + 4

Administrative/Technical staff: 13

Postdocs: 31

Graduate students: 90

PhD: 42

MSc: 23

PMA: 25

Undergraduate students: 60

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Departamento de AstronomiaDepartamento de Astronomia

some numbers for 2013:

PhD: 5

MSc: 11

Papers: 80

Papers and abstracts in Proceedings: 171

Papers in Brazilian publications: 38

Books: 3

research areas:

Astrobiology

Solar System (Sun, planets, comets)

Stars (chemical abundances, evolution, populations, binaries, variables)

Interstellar medium (nebulae, cold regions, star-forming regions)

Extragalactic Astronomy (galaxies, groups, clusters, LSS, AGNs)

Cosmology

Instrumentation

Astrometry

Celestial Mechanics

Numerical Astrophysics (ASTRONOMY @ USP: + IF, EACH)

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● High Performance Computing for > 150 users of several institutions

● 3 clusters:

Alpha-Crucis: 2304 cores, 4.6 Tb of distributed memory

UV100: 64 cores, 515 Gb of shared memory

Gina: GPU cluster (experimental)

● Since 2012, > 50 papers, 10 PhD thesis, ...

Infra-structureInfra-structure SOAR Remote Observing RoomSOAR Remote Observing Room

Laboratories: optics, electronics, HPC Laboratories: optics, electronics, HPC

Astroinformatic LabAstroinformatic Lab

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Brazilian Optical Astronomical Brazilian Optical Astronomical InfrastructureInfrastructure

● Observatório do Pico dos Dias- 1980

● LNA- Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica (first National Laboratory)- 1985

● Gemini Observatory (~6%)- 2004

● SOAR Telescope (30%)- 2005

● CFHT (16 nights/yr)- 2009

● GMT (4%, SP)- 2014

● ESO? pending ratification by the Congress

+J-PAS, T80-S, PFS/SuMIRe

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Optical Instrumentation in Brazil:Optical Instrumentation in Brazil:a multi-institutional efforta multi-institutional effort

● USP: science, management, engineering

● INPE: mechanical & optical design, integration, tests

● ON: science, management, software

● UFSC: software, simulations

● LNA: system engineering, management, optics, mechanic, metrology, electronics, integration

● ...

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Optical InstrumentationOptical Instrumentation

● Initially instrumentation was developed for the OPD telescopes:

rapid photometer, polarimetric camera, coronograph

● “new era”: with Gemini & SOAR telescopes, ~2000

SOAR: SIFIS, BTFI, STELES

Gemini: PFS@Subaru (evolution of Gemini/WFMOS), gen#3

OPD: ECHARP, SPARC4

● J-PAS (JPcam, T80Cam), South-Pol

● ESO: CUBES (VLT)

● GMT: GCLEF ...

● Future projects: Mosaic (ELT-MOS)

● ...

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Instrumentation for SOARInstrumentation for SOAR

SIFIS- SOAR Integral Field Unit SIFIS- SOAR Integral Field Unit SpectrographSpectrograph

(in commissioning)

PI: B. Barbuy, J. Lépine, C. Gneiding (LNA)

STELES- SOAR Telescope Echelle SpectrographSTELES- SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph

(in assembling)

● PI: Bruno Castilho (LNA)

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Instrumentation for SOARInstrumentation for SOAR

BTFI- Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager

(in commissioning)

PI: Cláudia Mendes de Oliveira (IAG)

two modes:● iBTF (tunable filter)

Low resolution mode: 5 < R < 4,000● dual Fabry-Perot

High resolution mode: 600 < R < 35,000

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PI: Cláudia Vilega Rodrigues (INPE)

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Projects with ESOProjects with ESO

CUBES: Cassegrain Ultraviolet Brazil-ESO Spectrograph

PI: Beatriz Barbuy (IAG)

Project for the VLT – in Conceptual Design

R=20,000 (13,000)

305 – 390 nm; (goal: 300 - 400 nm)

Science: metal-poor stars, dwarf galaxies

(C,N,O, Be, heavy-elements)

White dwarfs, PN, symbiotics, novae, comets, ISM, AGN, QSO absorption lines

NH 3360, OH 3000-3300: unique! only measurable lines in very metal-poor turn-off stars!

MOSAIC: ELT MOS for Astrophysics, IGM and Cosmology

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J-PAS J-PAS Javalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical SurveyJavalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey

● Collaboration between Brazil and Spain

● Javalambre Astrophysical Observatory (JAO): two telescopes: 2.5m & 80cm

managed by CEFCA- Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, in Teruel, Spain

● Photometric survey of ~8500 sq. deg. to i~22

● Photometric system with 59 filters (54 narrow band, 5 broad band)

● System designed to obtain photo-z for more than 100 million LRGs (Luminous Red Galaxies) up to z~1 with accuracy of ~0.003(1+z)

j-pas.org arXiv: 1403.5237

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JPCam: a mosaic of 14 CCDsJPCam: a mosaic of 14 CCDs(2(2ndnd largest astronomical camera!) largest astronomical camera!)

T80CamT80Cam

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J-PAS ScienceJ-PAS Science● Main target: the nature of Dark Energy through

measurement of the BAO scale up to z~1

● Accuracy of ~0.003(1+z) up to z~1 for LRGs (~10x better than SDSS): to measure radial BAOs!

● DE science: BAOs, galaxy clusters, gravitational lensing, RSDs

● Large scope of science: asteroids , stars, supernovae, galaxies, clusters, cosmology...

● J-PAS photometry ~ low resolution spectrum (R~40-60) for each pixel in the sky up to 23 mag arcsec-2!

New window: “All-sky” IFU! Potential for new discoveries!

distribution of stellar population properties within galaxies:

SN Ia

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A-PLUS / A-PLUS / T80-N + T80-ST80-N + T80-SAll SkyAll Sky Photometric Local Universe Survey Photometric Local Universe Survey

Motivation:

● Survey with two telescopes in two hemispheres: T80-N (@JAO) and T80-S (@Cerro Tololo)

● Photometric calibration for J-PAS

● Test of J-PAS scientific and technical management systems

● 12 filters: SDSS griz + 8 narrow/intermediate band filters

● Survey area: 5000 sq. deg.

● ~3 years, starting in 2015B

● Science: from asteroids to distant quasars

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SOUTH POL: polarimetry in the bright nights with T80-SSOUTH POL: polarimetry in the bright nights with T80-S

● PI: Antonio Mario Magalhães (IAG)

● Optical polarimetric survey of the Southern sky with T80-S

● Goal: polarimetric accuracy of 0.1% at V~15-16

● δ < -15; two-year survey

● Science:

● Galactic polarization for CMB studies; magnetic field away from the Galactic plane; magnetic field of interacting systems (e.g. Magelanic Clouds)

● FERMI source identification

● GRBs, Blazars, SNe, YSOs, WDs

● Asteroids

● ...

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PFS/SuMIRePFS/SuMIRePrime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru

Measurement of Images and Redshifts surveyMeasurement of Images and Redshifts survey● PI: Hitoshi Murayama Kavli IPMU (U. Tokyo)

● Survey epoch: 2019-2023

● Spectrograph for the Subaru Telescope: 2400 optical fibers within a FOV of 1.3 deg diameter

● Spectral coverage: 0.38 – 1.3 microns,

R ~ 3000 – 5000

● Brazil (USP+LNA): optical fiber subsystem

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PFS/SuMIRePFS/SuMIRePrime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph for the Subaru

Measurement of Images and Redshifts surveyMeasurement of Images and Redshifts survey● Science:

● BAOs @ 0.8 < z < 2.4 (9.3 h-3 Gpc3)

● Cosmological distances with accuracy of 3%; structure growth with 6%

● Local Cosmology: Milky Way & Andromeda history through the observation of ~106 stars

● Chemo-dynamical evolution and dark matter in Local Group dwarf galaxies

● Galaxy populations and structures @ 1<z<2

● “Lyman break” & “Lyman alpha” galaxies @ 3<z<7: glimpses on reionization

Takada et al., 2014 arXiv:1206.0737

http://sumire.ipmu.jp/en/2652https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mW3v2k8Ofo

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New projects in observational astropysics New projects in observational astropysics at IAGat IAG

● GMT: Giant Magellan Telescope

● LLAMA: Large Latin-America Array

● CTA mini-array

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● We are deeply involved with several projects of high scope, with large scientific and technological potential

How to maximize the scientific and technological return for all Astronomy in São Paulo? We have an enormous opportunity!

We need people: post-docs, senior scientists, engineers

We need labs for instrumentation that promotes innovation

We need to use this opportunity to improve the scientific culture of our students and of the society as a whole

We need to engage our community in a Plan to take advantage of this opportunity for the Astronomy in São Paulo

Challenges:Challenges: