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CE 321 Materials of Construction 321LabReqS01.doc

N. Randy Rainwater Page 1 12/20/00

CE 321 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTIONLaboratory Requirements

Spring, 2001Laboratory Instructor: N. Randy Rainwater

([email protected])Estabrook Rm 10-B1 (mail box in Perkins 1st floor)

974-3355http://web.utk.edu/~rainwter/ce321labdata.htm



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Laboratory Schedule 3

General Instructions for Lab Work and Report Writing 4

Laboratory TestingMeasuring Stress and Strain 8Tensile, Impact, Torsion Testing of Metal 9Hardness Testing of Metal 10Aggregate Grain Size Distribution and Unit Weight 11Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption 13Mix and Test Fresh Concrete 14Capping Concrete Cylinders 14Nondestructive Testing of Concrete 15Concrete Strength 16Asphalt Binder Testing 17Asphalt Mix Testing 1 and 2 18, 19Compression and Bending Tests of Wood 20

Appendix A - Data SheetsStress Strain 22Tensile 23, 24Impact 26Hardness 27Grain Size Analysis 28Bulk Density of Coarse Aggregate 29Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption 30Mixing and Testing Fresh Concrete 31Resonant Frequency and Pulse Velocity 32Rebound Number and Penetration Resistance 33Compressive Strength 34Flexural Strength 35Traditional Asphalt Binder Testing 36Superpave Binder Testing 37, 38Asphalt Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity 39Asphalt Bulk Specific Gravity (Marshall), Flow and Stability 40Asphalt Bulk Specific Gravity (Gyratory), Ignition Oven, % Voids 41Gyratory Compaction 42Wood Compression 43Wood Bending 44

Appendix B - Concrete Mixing and Testing Notes 47



CE 321 LABORATORY SCHEDULE - Spring, 2001

(Unless noted otherwise, all labs will meet in Room 10 Estabrook Hall)Labs: Tuesday, 2:10-4:55; Thursday 9:40 - 12:25, 2:10 - 4:55

WeekOf Topic

Data/InspectionReport No.(Week due)

20%

Formal LabReport No.(Week due)

80%

Mamlouktext Exp. No.

1-7 NO LABS Send an email message [email protected] indicating your lab

session (this is an assignment!)1-14 Introduction to laboratory,

Measuring Stresses and Strains(Rm 10 Perkins Hall)

- 1(1/21)

1

1-21 Compression and Bending of Wood - 2(1/28)

29

1-28 Metals Testing: tensile, impact(room 10, Perkins Hall)

1(2/4)

3 2 - 4

2-4 Field Trip to Fabricator 3(2/11)

2-11 Aggregate Grain Size Distribution, UnitWeight, Wash 200

2(2/18)

4 6

2-18 Aggregate Specific Gravity andAbsorption

3(2/25)

4 7, 8

2-25 Field Trip to Aggregate Quarry - 4(3/4)

3-4 Concrete Mix and Field Testing(dress for the occasion)

4(3/11)

5 9 - 13

3-11 Concrete Plant Field Trip 5(3/25)

5

3-18 Spring Break

3-25 Cap cylinders, Demonstration ofWindsor Probe and Schmidt Impact

Hammer (NDT)

- 5 (14, 17, 18)

Concrete Strength Test (28 day) - 5(4/8)

15, 164-1

Asphalt Mix Testing: Theoretical max.s.g., Marshall compaction, Gyratory

compaction

6(4/8)

6 24, 25

4-8 Marshall Flow and stability, Bulk s.g.,Ignition oven

- 6(4/15)

26, 27

4-15 No LabWork on Comprehensive Report

(10% of Final Class Exam-not averagedwith laboratory report grades)

Due by 4:30 on4/30

4-22 No Lab

Send an email message to [email protected] indicating your lab session (this is an assignment!)



General Instructions for Lab Work and Report Writing

LABORATORY MANUALThe manual in the appendix of the Mamlouk and Zaniewski textbook will serve as the laboratory manual.This document and other handouts you may receive during the lab will supplement it. Please read theappropriate material in the laboratory manuals carefully before attending lab. Data sheets are in theappendix of this document or will be provided during the laboratory class.

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this laboratory is to acquaint the student with some of the physical and mechanicalproperties of selected construction materials and standard test methods to be used to evaluate theseproperties. A secondary objective is to develop the students proficiency in preparing an engineeringreport. The reports are to resemble professional engineering reports as much as possible. Thus, UT labfolders and theory sections are not required. You are an engineer preparing a professional report for aclient who is paying a lot of money for results how do you want the report to look? Grammar, efficientcommunication, and results will weigh heavily in the final grade.

THE REPORTAll reports are to be written in the third person; for example, the test was conducted, not we conductedthe test. Each student is expected to come up with a fictitious company name and logo. Reports are tobe applied to the hypothetical project scenario given in this manual. Reports must be typed (excludingraw data sheets), and all figures and tables must be computer generated unless otherwise stated. Youare encouraged to work together in preparing the reports. However, the reports must be your individualeffort. Sample reports are available for review upon request. Please check the lab schedule carefully fordue dates, report type, etc!

Project ScenarioArchway Incorporated is constructing a large archway over the main entrance to the University ofTennessee (also under construction). It will be something like a scaled down version of the St. LouiseArchway and represent the University as the gateway to a successful future. The entire project willinclude metals, wood, concrete, and asphalt. Your firm has been contracted by Archway Incorporated totest the materials of construction. Each laboratory test is to be applied to this project scenario. Morespecific application instructions may be given in the laboratory requirements.

Data/Inspection ReportsThis is a preliminary report of test results that will be included in a latter formal report. The report will bein a cover letter format and include only the end results. Conclusions and recommendations are notnecessary unless there are non-typical data in the results. The report should state if the results aretypical or meet any required specifications for that test and material.

Field trips are to be considered as inspection visits. The observations of the field trip will be included informal laboratory reports as indicated on the schedule. The observations of some field trips will bereported in a Data/Inspection Report as indicated on the schedule. The student should observe thegeneral operation, quality control, and other factors that may effect the facilities ability to meet therequirements of the construction contract .

Formal Laboratory ReportsThe Formal reports will consist of the following elements, with the indicated points awarded:

Cover Letter (1 to 1.5 pages) 20 PointsTable of Contents 5Results 30Discussion of Results 20Conclusions and Recommendations 15Appendix 10

Total 100



Details of each of these items are given the following descriptions.

1. Cover or Transmittal Letter (limit one to one and one half pages)The first page of the report should be a Cover or Transmittal letter. The Letter should indicate thefollowing:

a) Date Submitted (date actually submitted, not the due date)b) The name, address, and logo of your "engineering firm" or team namec) The name and address of the organization for whom the work was performed. Example:

N. Randy Rainwater223 Perkins HallThe University of TennesseeKnoxville, TN 37996-2010

d) Subject The subject section should be indicated with a heading and include the project scenarioas shown in the example below:

SUBJECT: Index Properties and Classification of Soil proposed for the soil subgrade ofthe UT entrance bridge approaches

e) Purpose An introductory statement in the Transmittal Letter should state the purpose clearly,concisely, and accurately.

f) Abstract or Summary of Data and Conclusions: Practices vary among engineering firms on whatto include in the cover letter of a report. Some use only a short and sweet letter referring theclient to the attached report for results and conclusions. Others include a brief summary ofresults and a concise statement of conclusions in the cover letter. For the laboratory reports, usecover letters that include a summary of results and conclusions. The Transmittal Letter shouldinclude an abstract or short summary of your findings. It should be self-contained, and "shouldstate the summary objectives and scope of the (report) . . describe techniques or approachesonly to the degree necessary for comprehension, and describe findings and conclusions asconcisely and informatively as possible" (TRB 1983). Tables should be used whenever practicalfor presenting end results.

2. Table of ContentsThe Table of Contents is used to facilitate the grading of the reports, and will be used to recordthe points awarded for each category. The table of contents should include page numbers andthe report pages should include computer generated page numbers.

3. ResultsThe Results section will contain those facts or answers, that you obtained in yourexperiment, either from direct measurements or calculations based on measurements. Todistinguish between results and conclusions, remember that the latter are reasoned judgmentsand the former are facts.

Your end results should be summarized in a table, and supported by appropriate figures. Thedata should be reported in a concise and efficient manner that effectively communicates to theclient. Calculation data like bowl numbers and bowl weights should not be included in the body ofthe report. Such data may be included with raw data forms in the appendix. Each table andfigure should have a title. Columns (and rows, if necessary) of tables will have headings clearlyindicating what you are tabulating. Figures should be centered on pages and oriented so thatthey can easily be viewed when the report is bound. Both axes should have headings. Divisionson the axes should be chosen so as to facilitate accurate plotting of the results. Data pointsshould be clearly shown by using a dot, circle, square, etc., and should not be obscured by theline connecting the data points. If more than one curve is plotted per figure, make sure the reader



can differentiate and identify the curves. Use a solid line to connect data points and a broken linefor parts of the curve beyond your range of data. Avoid dark backgrounds and light colored lines.A professional report is often copied; keep that in consideration when designing the graphics.

4. Discussions of ResultsIn this section the writer provides the foundation upon which his/her conclusions will rest. Theacceptance or rejection of the conclusions by the reader will depend largely on the discussion ofresults. Under this heading the writer will comment upon the validity of the results and makecomparisons with typical values for the measured parameters. Remember "the acceptance orrejection of the conclusions drawn in the report is directly related to the skill of the reporter inproviding an accurate and convincing discussion of the reasoning upon which the conclusions arebased" (Leonards 1955).

5. Conclusions and RecommendationsApply the conclusions and recommendations to the fictitious project scenario unless instructed todo otherwise.

"A conclusion is reasoned judgment based on facts. For example, a laboratory investigation maybe carried out to determine the feasibility of using a certain sand deposit (from the standpoint ofproper grain-size distribution) as fine aggregate for a concrete mix. The grain-size distributions ofa number of samples are determined and the percentages of the various size groups reportedeither in tabular form or as continuous curves. These curves are the "Results" of the experiment,but before conclusion can be drawn the results must be compared with other known factsregarding the acceptable limits of the grain-size distributions; only then can a reasoned judgmentbe made regarding the feasibility of using the sand deposit for the stated purpose. These factsare stated and comparisons were made under the heading "Discussion of Results." It may thenbe concluded that the sand deposit in question is not suitable because of a deficiency in a certainsize group. Perhaps the reporter wishes to recommend mixing this sand with another in order tomake up the deficiency, in which case a separate heading for "Recommendations" could be used,or the statement could be included with the conclusions under the title "Conclusions andRecommendations." (Leonards 1955).

6. Appendix

Procedure The Procedure section tells the reader how your experiment was performed in sufficientdetail for another person to run the experiment. You will be using a lab manual whichhas a procedure for you to follow for each experiment. It will be sufficient to referencethis procedure and to denote any departures you took from the referenced procedures.The complete procedure need not be reported, provided the laboratory manual isproperly referenced. You must, however, state the deviations and departures from themanual. Include the designation and title of any ASTM or other standards the experimentwas based on.

References Include a list of all references used, including any software (excluding word processing orspreadsheets). Include consultation with the Laboratory Consultant, Instructor, orProfessor. Make sure each reference is complete. The reference section of thisdocument should be used as a guide. If the reference is to certain page numbers,include this information. If you referred to a lab report prepared in a previous term byanother student, this should be referenced as well. Reference to a previous lab report isacceptable, however plagiarism and other inappropriate uses of these old reports will beconsidered a violation of the Honor Statement as printed on the class syllabus.

Data Forms Include the raw data recorded on the forms during the lab test. Do not erase errors. Linethem out. It is neither necessary nor desirable to copy data on to clean data sheets forthe sake of neatness, since the important results have been provided in the Resultssection.


N. Randy Rainwater Page 12/20/007

Final Comprehensive ReportThis final comprehensive report represents $50,000 in materials testing services you were contracted toperform for your client. The report is not purely a cut and past report. Previous reports are to beconsidered as though they were preliminary reports and the end results and final conclusions are nowbeing incorporated into a final report for your client. The report should demonstrate that you know whatyou are talking about; communicate clearly and efficiently; and make conclusions and recommendationsapplied to your project scenario. It should look like a professional engineering report, not a homeworkassignment! Remember that you are not just giving answers to questions. You may give all the rightnumbers and say the right things but if the numbers are scattered through the report and your discussiondoes not follow a good format, you will not receive a good grade. You may follow the format for FormalLaboratory Reports. Original raw data sheets may be omitted from this report.

AVAILABLE RESOURCESA student computer and printer is located in laboratory Instructor's office.The CE 321 lab data web page and links at http://web.utk.edu/~rainwter/ce321labdata.htmASTM standards are located in the lab and in the library.

REFERENCES1. Leonards, G.A., Notes on Report Writing, Third Edition, Purdue University, 1955.2. Mamlouk, M.S. and Zaniewski, J.P. (1999) Material for Civil and Construction Engineers,

Addison-Wesley, Reading Massachusetts, 388 pp.3. Turabian, K.L. (1996) A Manual for writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations , University

of Chicago Press, Chicago, 308 pp.



MEASURING STRESSES AND STRAINS

PROJECT APPLICATIONArchway Incorporated is convinced that the theoretical stress in a beam exceeds the real stress by 25%.Archway has hired your firm to prove to the architects that the aluminum beam will not experience thetheoretical stresses predicted. Archway Inc. wishes to substitute the A61ST beam for the specified beambut must demonstrate that the actual stress will be 20% less than the theoretical stress.

LAB (meet in room 10, Perkins Hall)You will study the bonded wire strain gauge and the Wheatstone Bridge and how they are used tomeasure deformation and strain. A 61ST (6061T) aluminum beam is used in this lab to illustrate howstrain gauges may be used to determine stresses or strains in any structural member. A strain indicator,switching unit, and five strain gages will already be attached to the aluminum beam. The beam is a 6-inch 4.43 lb. I-beam with a section modulus (z = I/c) of 7.36 in3 where I = the moment of inertia and c =the distance from the neutral axis to the outermost fiber.

Measure the points of support and the points of load application to insure the dimensions shown in thediagram on the data sheet are correct. Check the location of all strain gauges and make sure youunderstand how the electrical portions of the experiment work. After each gauge has been balanced atzero load, apply the load in increments of 1000 lbs. to a maximum of 4000 lbs. Read and record thestrain indicator reading for each of the five gauges at each increment of load application. After the lastreading is taken, remove the load and check the zero readings for each gauge. Repeat this process asnecessary until a satisfactory set of readings has been obtained.

Stresses are derived quantities computed from other measurable quantities. They are not directlymeasurable. Stress can be calculated experimentally from the measured strain and Modulus of Elasticityor theoretically from the bending moment and section modulus at a given distance from the neutral axis:

Experimental Stress = Modulus of Elasticity * StrainTheoretical Stress = My/I

where M = the bending moment, y = the distance from the neutral axis, I = moment of inertia.

REPORT1) Plot the stresses calculated from the measured strains as abscissa and the distance from the neutral

axis as ordinate for each load increment. Use the same graph for all loads. If using Excel, this worksbest if plotted as an x-y scatter plot.

2) Calculate the stresses involved at each load increment using the theoretical relationship = My/I.Make a separate graph for each loading showing the theoretical stress along with the stresscalculated from the experimental data.

3) In the appendix, briefly explain how the strain gage and Wheatstone Bridge work to measure strain(omit this discussion for the final Comprehensive Report).



METALS TESTINGTENSILE TESTING OF DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS,

IMPACT TESTING, TORSION TESTING

ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. Vol. 01.04ASTM E8, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01ASTM E23, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01ASTM E143, Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature. Vol. 03.01

PROJECT APPLICATIONThe construction drawings and specifications call for A36 structural steel to be used in the cover over thewalkway around the arch. The contractor wishes to substitute 1018CF beams of the same size for thewalkway cover support. The contractor (and fabricator trying to sell the stuff), claim that the stress straincharacteristics of 1018CF are very similar to A36 and would be an acceptable substitute in thisapplication. Your firm has been contracted to compare the stress strain and strength characteristics ofthe two steels.

LAB (meet in room 10, Perkins Hall)Tensile Testing (Exp. No. 2): Each laboratory class will test a 1018, A36, and cast iron specimen.Determine the dimensions and shape of each specimen and record in the space provided on the datasheet. An extensometer will be used to measure elongation.

Impact Testing (Exp. No. 4): The Charpy Impact Test will be conducted on specimens of varying carboncontent and formation processes. Each lab session will perform the test at a different temperature andshare the data with the other labs.

Torsion Testing (Exp. No. 3): If conducted, only one specimen will be tested.

REPORTTensile Testing

- as instructed in the laboratory manual-dimensions, identification, etc.

Impact Testing-as instructed in the laboratory manual (omit ductile to brittle transition temperature andlateral expansion)

Torsion Testing (if performed)-as instructed in the laboratory manual



HARDNESS TESTING OF METALS

ASTM E10, Standard Test Methods for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials. Vol. 03.01ASTM E18, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials.Vol. 03.01

LABHardness Testing (ASTM E10, E18): Using the Brinell and Rockwell hardness machines, determine thehardness of various ferrous and non-ferrous metals as assigned by the instructor. Be sure to note allinformation concerning carbon content, working method, heat treatment, etc. which may have an effect onthe results of your tests. For the harder metals (iron and steel) use a 3000 KG Brinell Loading, and forthe softer metals use a 500 Kg Brinell loading. If the Brinell hardness is above 220, use the Rockwell Ctest; use the Rockwell B test for all other samples. Be sure to note the Rockwell letter B or Cwith each hardness measured by the Rockwell method.

REPORT

-Determine the Brinell Hardness Number (BHN) for each measured value

( )BHN

PD

D D d=

- -2

2 2

where; P = the applied load (3000 Kg or 500 kg)D = diameter of the indentor (10mm)d = diameter of the indentation, mm

-Determine the average BHN and/or RHN for each sample tested.



AGGREGATE GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND UNIT WEIGHT

ASTM C33, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates. Vol. 04.02ASTM D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates. Vol. 04.03ASTM C702, Standard Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size. Vol. 04.02ASTM C136, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates. Vol. 04.02ASTM C29, Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (Unit Weight) and Voids in Aggregate. Vol. 04.02AASHTO T11, Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75 [m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates byWashing

PROJECT APPLICATIONThe aggregates are being tested to determine if they are acceptable concrete aggregates and todetermine the concrete mix design.

LABAs with any engineering material, certain aggregate properties must be determined prior to the utilizationof the aggregate. While our time will not allow the determination of all these properties, we will be makingcertain measurements that will allow you to compute some of the most important aggregate properties. Inthis lab we will be measuring the grain size distribution of both coarse and fine aggregate samples andthe unit weight of the coarse aggregate. Before you leave the lab, you will be responsible for obtainingmeasurements pertaining to both the coarse and the fine aggregate. You will also be responsible forpreparing samples of fine and coarse aggregate for next week's absorption lab

Sieve Analysis (Exp. No. 6): Each sieve is to be weighed before and after the sieving process. Thedifference in the before and after weights will be recorded as the weight retained on each sieve. Aftercompleting the weighing process, be sure to clean each sieve as instructed. Make sure the lab is cleanand all equipment has been put away before leaving the lab. Dispose of the sieved aggregate outside oras instructed during the lab.

Unit Weight (ASTM C29)1. Calibrate the measure (should be done yearly or when there is reason to question the

accuracy of the previous calibration)weigh the measure and coverapply Vaseline around the top edge of the measurefill the measure with water at room temperature and cover with plate glass to eliminatebubbles and excess water.weigh the measure filled with water (include cover)measure the temperature of the water and determine the densitycalculate the volume (Mass of Water/Density)

2. Obtain a representative sample and reduce to sample size by quartering (C702).3. Fill the measure 1/3 full and level with the fingers.4. Rod the layer with 25 strokes of the tamping rod evenly distributed over the surface.5. Fill the measure to 2/3 full and rod 25 times without penetrating the previous layer.6. Fill the measure to overflowing and rod 25 times. Level the surface with fingers or the

rod such that any slight projections of larger pieces of aggregate approximately balancethe larger voids in the surface below the top of the measure.

7. Determine the mass to the nearest 0.1 lb (0.05 kg).8. Calculate the bulk density.9. Return the aggregate to the coarse aggregate bin.

Wash 200 of Fine Aggregate (ASTM C117, AASHTO T11)1. The test procedure requires that the material be oven dried to constant mass before

testing. However, air dried material that has been stored inside will be used for practicalreasons. This may introduce a very small error that is negligible for purposes of this labexercise.



2. Obtain a minimum sample size of 300g using the splitting procedure (C702).3. Place the sample in a deep container and add sufficient water to cover the sample.

Agitate the sample to separate all particles finer than 75 [m from the coarser particles andto bring the fine material into suspension. Stirring with a metal spoon is an acceptablemethod of agitation.

4. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended solids over two stackedsieves (No. 16 and No. 200).

5. Add a second charge of water to the container, agitate, and pour into the stacked sieves.Make sure all material is removed from the container.

6. Carefully pour or spray water through the sieves until the wash water is clear.7. Rinse all the material retained on the sieves into a drying bowl. Oven dry the material to

constant mass (18 to 24 hrs.) and determine the mass retained to the nearest 0.1% of theoriginal mass of the sample. Each lab group must assign someone to return to the laband weigh the oven dried material and communicate that data to the rest of the group.Record the information on the oven log sheet.

Absorption of Coarse and Fine Aggregate (Exp. No. 7, 8): Prepare samples for this test which will beperformed during the next lab.

Obtain a representative sample of fine aggregate and reduce by splitting into a sample ofapproximately 1 kg. Place the sample into a container for submerging in water. Recording themass is not important at this point.Obtain a representative sample of coarse aggregate and reduce by quartering into a sample ofapproximately 4 kg. Wash the sample on a #4 sieve screen. Place the sample into a containerfor submerging in water. Recording the mass is not important at this point.

REPORT:As instructed in the laboratory manual .For the distribution plots, make the following charts.

Chart 1: Semi-log plot of grain size distribution of fine aggregate and the ASTMC33 limits for fine aggregate (Table 5.4 in Mamlouk)Chart 2: Semi-log plot of grain size distribution of coarse aggregate and theASTM C33 limits for #57 aggregate (Table 5.5 in Mamlouk)Chart 3: 0.45 power plot of grain size distribution of the coarse aggregate.

The percent of fine aggregate smaller than 75 [m (compare to standard of ASTM C33, Table 1).The unit weight of the coarse aggregate.



AGGREGATE SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND ABSORPTION

ASTM D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates. Vol. 04.03ASTM D702, Standard Practice for Reducing Field Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size. Vol. 04.03ASTM C127, Standard Practice for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate. Vol. 04.02ASTM C128, Standard Practice for Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate. Vol. 04.02

LAB (Exp. No. 7, 8)This laboratory exercise is an extension of the sieve analysis lab from last week. The properties you willbe measuring must be known before any mix design calculations can be made. The properties of interestare specific gravity and absorption of both the coarse and fine aggregate fractions.

The instructor will split the section into groups. Each group will be responsible for measurementspertaining to the properties of both coarse aggregate and fine aggregate.

Make all measurements as instructed and record the data on the data sheet provided. It is the lab groupsresponsibility to designate someone to return in 12 to 24 hours to weigh the oven dried material andcommunicate this value to the other students. Be sure you record the correct bowl number and measurethe bowl weight and weigh the correct bowl after drying. Record the appropriate information on the ovenlog sheet on the front of the oven.

REPORTAs instructed in the laboratory manual.Include the following two charts of a combined aggregate gradation (34% fine aggregate and66% coarse aggregate).

Chart 1: Semi-log gradation plot of the combined aggregate. Show the combinedgradation limits (ASTM C33) of fine and coarse aggregate on the same chart.Chart 2: 0.45 power plot of the combined gradation (limits are not required on this plot).



MIX AND TEST FRESH CONCRETE

ASTM C192, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryASTM C1064, Standard Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Portland Cement ConcreteASTM C172, Standard Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteASTM C143, Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteASTM C138, Standard Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteASTM C231, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method

Related StandardsASTM C31, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldASTM C173, Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodAll the above ASTM standards are in Volume 04.02.

PROJECT APPLICATIONEach lab will test a different mix design to determine it's suitability for the construction project foundationwhich requires a 2 to 4 in. slump, 4% air content, and 4000 psi compressive strength (28 day).

LAB (Exp. No. 9 13)In this laboratory concrete will be mixed according to the mix proportions determined from the aggregatetests. The concrete will be mixed, sampled and tested according to the methods listed below. Youshould become familiar with these field test methods and the specifications for the required equipment.Notes on the testing method procedures are located in the appendix. Collect all data and make allcalculations necessary to complete the data sheets. You must return 24 hr. (+/- 8 hr.) after molding thespecimens to remove the molds, identify your sample, and place it in the humid room or curing tank.

REPORTThe temperature of the concrete mixAs instructed in the laboratory manual for Experiments No. 9 11, 13. You may include all theinformation in a single table you do not need four separate tables for the four different tests.

CAPPING CYLINDRICAL CONCRETE SPECIMENS WITH SULFERCOMPOUND

ASTM C617, Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

LAB (Exp. No. 14)Students will apply capping compound to the test cylinders.

Nondestructive testing of concrete will be demonstrated.



NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF CONCRETE

ASTM C215, Standard Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequenciesof Concrete SpecimensASTM C597, Standard Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through ConcreteASTM C803, Standard Test Method for Penetration Resistance of Hardened ConcreteASTM C805, Standard Test Method for Rebound Number of Hardened ConcreteASTM C918, Standard Test Method for Measuring Early-Age Compressive Strength and Projecting Later-AgeStrengthAll the above listed standards are in Volume 04.02

LABThe evaluation of the condition of structures without destroying their usefulness must be accomplished bytest(s) that are nondestructive. This applies to materials other than Portland cement concrete (PCC); butPCC is the material that will be used to illustrate some of the types of nondestructive tests available. Thislaboratory exercise investigates certain PCC properties using the following nondestructive tests:

Schmidt Impact Hammer or Rebound Number (Exp. No. 17): This device may be used to determine theapproximate compressive strength of PCC. Test the concrete as you are directed by the lab instructorand determine the average compressive strength converted from the values you measure with the device.

Resonant Frequency Tests (ASTM C215): Determine the resonant frequency in all three modes ofvibration as indicated by the instructor. Convert these frequency readings to Dynamic Modulus ofElasticity or Dynamic Modulus of Rigidity using the relationships provided on the lab data sheet.

Pulse Velocity Testing (ASTM C597): Determine velocity of sound through the concrete sample asdirected by the lab instructor. Convert the calculated pulse velocity to Dynamic Modulus of Elasticityusing the relationship provided on the lab data sheet.

Penetration Resistance (Exp. No. 18): Using the Windsor Probe, determine the resistance to penetrationof hardened concrete and estimate the compressive strength using available correlations.

REPORTAs instructed by the laboratory instructor.



CONCRETE STRENGTH STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTICS

ASTM C39, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensASTM C512, Standard Test Method for Creep of Concrete in CompressionASTM C78, Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading

LABCompression Testing (Exp. No. 15): Cylinders will be tested according to the procedure in the laboratorymanual. An extensometer will be attached to measure deformation. Record load and deformation at amaximum of 10,000 lb. intervals. Continue loading at the prescribed rate until failure. Make sketches ofthe failed cylinders and note the types of failure. The compressive strength will be determined from theaverage of two tests.

Flexural Strength Testing (Exp. No. 16): Fill in the required information on the data sheet. Conduct thetest as outlined in the laboratory manual. Make sketches of the beams after failure to indicate thelocation of the fracture.

REPORTCompression TestAs instructed in the laboratory manual.Be sure to note the age of any specimen tested when giving the strength. Compare the measured strength with the design strength.Plot the stress-strain diagram for one of the samples tested.For the same sample, calculate the chord modulus to the nearest 50000 psi using the followingequation (ASTM C469)

E = (S2 - S1)/(,,2 - 0.000050)S2 = stress at 40% of ultimate loadS1 = stress at 50 * 10

-6 strain,,2 = strain at S2

Calculate the modulus of elasticity using the method recommended by ACI Building Code (Eq7.3b, p191):

Report the mix design, compressive strength, and modulus of rupture for the other two labs.Report values in a summary table.

Flexural TestAs instructed by the laboratory manual. Plot load vs. deflection.

E fc c= 57000 '



ASPHALT BINDER TESTING

Traditional binder testingASTM D140, Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03ASTM D5, Standard Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03ASTM D70, Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03ASTM D113, Standard Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Materials. Vol. 04.03ASTM D2171, Standard Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer. Vol. 04.03ASTM D2161, Standard Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to SayboltFurol Viscosity. Vol. 05.01

Superpave binder characterization:ASTM D4402, Standard Test Method for Viscosity Determinations of Unified Asphalts Using the Brookfield ThermoselApparatus. Vol. 04.04AASHTO TP5 and ASTM P246, Determining the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binder for Specification PurposesUsing a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR)AASHTO TP1 and ASTM P245, Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Creep Stiffness of Asphalt BinderUsing the Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR)ASTM D2872 (Vol. 04.03) and AASHTO T240, Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film ofAsphalt (Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test)AASHTO PP1, Standard Practice for Accelerated Aging of Asphalt Binder Using a Pressurized Aging Vessel (PAV)

LABThis laboratory will involve the measurement of certain properties of asphalt binder materials usingtraditional and superpave methods. Be sure you identify the asphalt provided by the instructor and obtainall information necessary to complete the data sheet. Assist the laboratory instructor in clean up ofequipment.

Traditional Binder Testing MethodsPenetration (Exp. No. 22)Absolute Viscosity using vacuum capillary viscometer (Exp. No. 23)

Superpave Binder Testing MethodsDynamic Shear Rheometer Test (DSR) (Exp. No. 21)Viscosity by rotational viscometer (Exp. No. 20)

One or more of the following Superpave Binder Tests may also be performedBending Beam Rheometer Test (BBR) (AASHTO TP1, ASTM P245)Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFO) (AASHTO T240, ASTM D2872)Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) (AASHTO PP1)

REPORTAs instructed in the laboratory manual.G*/sin *As instructed during the laboratory for the additional tests that may be performed.Be sure to compare your results with recommended standards for the asphalt binder tested.



MIX TESTING 1THEORITICAL MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY, COMPACTING MARSHALL FLOW

TEST SPECIMENS, SUPERPAVE GYRATORY COMPACTER

ASTM D979, Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesASTM D2041, Standard Test Method for Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous PavingMixturesASTM D1559, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus(only in 1997 and earlier volumes)All the above standards are in Volume04.03.AASHTO TP4, Method for Preparing and Determining the Density of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Specimens by Means ofthe SHRP Gyratory Compactor

PROJECT APPLICATIONThe asphalt mix being tested is being considered for the pavement in the parking lot at the archwayvisitors center. The asphalt must meet TN DOT 307B requirements. This standard is approximatelyequal to the "Heavy" design criteria in Table 9.11 of the Mamlouk textbook with a minimum VMA of11.5%. You must also determine, from the gyratory test, if the mix meets the Superpave requirements ofNini, Ndes, and Nmax.

LABMix asphaltic concrete as instructed and record the mass of asphalt and aggregate on the data sheet. Inlieu of mixing asphaltic concrete, tests may be run on samples provided by TN DOT.

Theoretical maximum specific gravity (Rice specific gravity, ASTM D2041) and separating samples for theMarshall and Gyratory Compaction

1. Asphalt will be heated just enough to pour on a table and spread out.2. Pour a bucket onto a covered table, spread the material some, and quarter the sample.3. Obtain samples of approximately 1200g to 1250 g. Place them in a bowl and place back

in the oven to be used for Marshall pills. Recording the exact mass is not important atthis point. After taking opposite quarters the sample should be mixed and quarteredagain. Leave approximately 1000g to 1500 g. on the table.

4. Spread the remaining material out to cool. When it has cooled just enough to touch,separate the mix by hand into portions < or = 1/4".

5. Obtain the mass in air.6. Cover the mix with water and place under vacuum for 15 minutes.7. Submerge the sample in the specific gravity tank for 10 minutes and weigh. The water

should be 25 C +/- 1. Be sure to account for the weight of the container in air and inwater.

8. A second bucket will be used for the gyratory specimens. Use the same quarteringprocess to obtain samples of 4700g to 4800g. Do not do a theoretical maximum specificgravity with the second bucket.

Resistance to plastic flow Marshall test (Exp. No. 25): specimens will be prepared using 75 blows eachside during this lab. The specimens will be tested during the next lab.

Gyratory Compactor Demonstration (Exp. No. 24)

REPORTThe theoretical maximum specific gravity to the third decimal, type of mix, and mass of sample.As instructed in the laboratory manual for the Experiments 24 and 25



MIX TESTING 2BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY, MARSHALL STABILITY AND FLOW OF ASPHALTIC

CONCRETE, IGNITION OVEN TEST

ASTM D1559, Standard Test Method for Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus(only in 1997 and earlier volumes)ASTM D979, Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving MixturesASTM D2726, Standard Test Method for Bulk Specific Gravity and Density of Non-absorptive Compacted BituminousMixturesASTM D3203, Standard Test Method for Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Bituminous PavingMixturesAll the above standards are in Volume 04.03.AASHTO TP53, Ignition Oven Test

LABBulk specific gravity and density (Exp. No. 26)

Plastic flow using Marshall apparatus (Exp. No. 27)

Ignition oven asphalt content test (AASHTO TP53), will be conducted the asphalt binder contentof the mix. The Marshall specimens will be used for the test. The remaining aggregate can beused for sieve analysis

REPORTAs instructed in the laboratory manualReport the percentage of asphalt binder content as determined by the ignition oven test.Report the percent air voids in the total mix (VTM), voids in the aggregate (VMA), and voidsfilled with asphalt (VFA).



COMPRESSION AND BENDING TESTS OF WOODEN SAMPLES

ASTM D198, Standard Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes. Vol. 04.10ASTM D143, Standard Methods of Testing Small Clear Specimens of Timber. Vol. 04.10

PROJECT APPLICATIONArchway Incorporated constructed a temporary shelter under the archway construction site to protectconstruction workers. The shelter collapsed under about two inches of snow. Fortunately, no one wasinjured but it has caused a delay in the project and created doubt in the minds of the Universityadministration concerning the contractors competence. Archway investigated the wood used in thestructure and found that it was a hybrid Douglas Fir from California. The contractor alleges that the hybridwood has a much lower Modulus of Elasticity than typical construction wood and is considering placing aclaim against the lumber company and wishes to restore the University's confidence in their expertise.Your firm has been contracted to perform standard wood testing on samples of the Douglas Fir todetermine if it has strength characteristics typical of wood construction materials.

LAB (Exp. No. 29)Compression parallel to the grain: Using a 2x2x8-in. block and a strain measuring apparatusrecord the load and deflection every 2000 lbs. At the first signs of failure (cracking, etc.), removethe strain device and continue loading until the ultimate load is reached. Record this ultimateload along with your best estimate of the total deformation. Note the type of failure.

Compression perpendicular to the grain: Using a 2x2x6-in. block record the load and deflectionevery 200 lbs. This test may be performed using the MTS equipment and computer dataacquisition.

Bending test (flexure): With the side nearest the heart of the tree on the bottom, place the samplein position to be tested in center point beam loading with a span of 28-in. Record the load anddeflection every 100 lbs. Note the type of failure.

REPORTAs instructed in the laboratory manual for each of the three tests.



Appendix AData Sheets



STRESSES AND STRAINS IN A BEAM

Modulus of Elasticity = 9.75 * 106 psi. Gauge Factor 2.11Section Modulus (z = I/c) = 7.36 cu. In.

LOAD DIAGRAM (NOT TO SCALE)

SHEAR DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM

STRAIN INDICATOR READINGS

Load G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G1 G2 G3 G4 G50

1000200030004000Calculations: Stress = Modulus of Elasticity * Strain (Experimental Data)

Stress = My/I (Theoretical Stress)

Date __________

84P / 2P / 2

36

6P

P / 2

P / 2

18P



TENSILE TESTING OF DUCTILE AND BRITTLE MATERIALS

Original FinalMaterial Diameter Area Gauge Lth Diameter Area Gauge Lth

Material _______ Material _______Load,lbs.

Dial Reading( )

Deformation( )

Load,lbs.

Dial Reading( )

Deformation( )

ASTM A370, E8



TORSION TEST

Material Length, in. Gage Lth., in. Diameter, in. Troptometerlength, in.

Material: _________ Material: ____________

TORQUElb-in.

Arc Length TROPTO.-in # of Rev. TORQUE

lb-in.

Arc Length TROPTO.-in- # of Rev

Date _______________ Name ______________________________

ASTM E 143



IMPACT TESTS ON METALS

Type of specimens and test performed: ______________________________________

Date: _______________________________________

Material Tested Temperature of Specimen Impact Value (lb-ft)

ASTM E23



HARDNESS AND IMPACT TESTS ON METALS

MATERIALTESTED

BRINELLHARDNESS,

BHN

LOAD-kg Dia., mm BHN

ROCKWELLHARDNESS,

RHN

IMPACTVALUES,

lb-ft

ApproximateTensile

Strength

NOTES:____________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Date______________________ Name_________________________

ASTM E 10, E 18, E 23



MECHANICAL GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

Material Description ______________________________________________________ASTM Method of Test _____________________________________________________Date Tested

COARSE AGGREGATESieveSize

SieveWeight

Sieve andaggr. Weight

WeightRetained

PercentRetained

Cumulative% Retained

PercentPassing

Diameter(mm.)

2.0" 50.801.5" 38.101.0" 25.403/4" 19.101/2" 12.703/8" 9.52

No. 4 4.76No. 8 2.38No. 16 1.18PAN

TOTAL

FINE AGGREGATESieveSize

SieveWeight

Sieve andaggr. Weight

WeightRetained

PercentRetained

Cumulative% Retained

PercentPassing

Diameter(mm.)

*No. 4 4.76*No. 8 2.38*No.16 1.19*No. 30 0.59*No. 50 0.30*No. 100 0.15

PANTOTAL

* Sieves used in calculating fineness modulus (FM).

Wts Before Testing: Coarse Aggregate ____________ Fine Aggregate ______________

Wts After Testing: Coarse Aggregate ____________ Fine Aggregate ______________

% of material lost: Coarse Aggregate ____________ Fine Aggregate ______________

ASTM C 33, D 75, C702, C 136



BULK DENSITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE

Date:_________________

Measure Calibration

Mass of measure, cover, and water, Lbs ____________

Empty mass of the measure and cover, Lbs ____________

Net mass of water, Lbs ____________

Water temperature, Deg. F or C ______ density of Water, pcf ____________

Volume of measure, ft3 (V) ____________

Bulk Density

Mass of the measure filled with aggregate, Lbs. ____________

Mass of empty measure, Lbs ____________

Mass of the aggregate, Lbs (W) ____________

BULK DENSITY OF THE COARSE AGGREGATE, pcf (M/V) ____________

ASTM C 33, D 75, C702, C 29



AGGREGATE SPECIFIC GRAVITY and ABSORPTION

Material Description: _________________________________ Date Tested ______________

COARSE AGGREGATE

After 24 hr PresoakPan/bowl #___________ , Mass ____________Mass of pan and SSD sample ____________Saturated Surface Dry mass of Sample, gm (B) ____________Mass of container in water ____________Mass of container and sample in water ____________Mass of sample in Water, gm (C) ____________Loss of mass in Water, grams (B-C) ____________

Oven DryingBowl Number ____________Bowl mass empty ____________Mass of bowl and aggregate ____________Oven Dry mass of sample, gm (A) ____________

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(B-C) ____________

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SSD) = B/(B-C) ____________

APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(A-C) ____________

ABSORPTION, % = ((B-A)/A) x100 ____________

FINE AGGREGATE

Flask No. ________ Oven Dry Bowl No.________ , Mass ____________(A) Oven dry mass of sample, grams ____________(B) Weight of flask + water, grams (provided by lab instructor) ____________Water temperature, Degrees F. ____________(C) Mass of flask + water + sample, grams ____________(S) Mass of Saturated Surface Dry specimen (500 +/-10g) ____________

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(B + S C) ____________

BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY, SSD = S/(B + S C) ____________

APPARENT SPECIFIC GRAVITY = A/(B + A C) ____________

ABSORPTION, % = ((S A)/A) x100 ____________

ASTM D75, D702, C127, C128



MIXING AND TESTING FRESH CONCRETE

MIX PROPORTIONS (pay attention to units!!)

Design Batch Volume (Yd): _______________________________

Lb ft3

Cement ___________________ ___________________

Fly Ash ___________________ ___________________

Water ___________________ ___________________

Coarse Aggregate ___________________ ___________________

Fine Aggregate ___________________ ___________________

Air Entrainment Additive ___________________ ___________________

TOTAL OF ALL MATERIALS BATCHED (W1):__________________ ___________________

SLUMP: ___________________

MIX TEMPERATURE: ___________________

AIR CONTENT: ___________________Method: ___________________

UNIT WEIGHT

Weight of measure filled with concrete: ___________________Weight of measure: ___________________Net weight of concrete: ___________________Volume of measure: ___________________

UNIT WEIGHT OF CONCRETE , Lbs/ft3 (W): _____________________

YEILD, Y (ft3)=W1/W: ___________________

Y(yd3)=W1/27W: ___________________

RELATIVE YIELD, Ry=Y/Yd: ___________________Use consistent units!!!!!

ASTM C192, C1064, C172, C143, C138, C231



RESONANT FREQUENCY AND PULSE VELOCITY TESTING OF HARDENEDCONCRETE (NDT TESTING)

1.) Resonant Frequency Data:

Sample size: Mass _______ Length(L)_______ Width(b)_______ Height(t)_______ (n) Transverse Frequency ________ Hz. (n) Longitudinal Freq. ________ Hz. (n) Torsional Frequency ________ Hz.

2.) Pulse Velocity Data:Total Travel Time __________ sec.Initial Time __________ sec.

(D) Travel Time through Sample __________ sec.

CALCULATION EQUATIONS: From ASTM C215 & C597 (values in SI units are the standard)

(A) Dynamic Youngs Modulus of Elasticity (E) in (N/m2)Dynamic E = CMn2

M = mass of specimen, kgC = 1.6067 (L3T/bt3), N-s2(kg-m2) for a prismL = length of specimen, mb, t = dimensions of cross section of specimen, m

t is the direction the resonant frequency is drivenT = a correction factor that depends on the dimensions of

the specimen, C215 gives method of determining,use 1.2.

Dynamic E = DM(n)2 D = 4(L/bt), N-s2/(kg-m2) for a prism

(B) Dynamic Modulus of Rigidity (G) in (N/m2)Dynamic G = BM(n)2

B = 4(LR/A), N-s2/(kg-m2)R = a shape factor, (a/b + b/a)/[4a/b - 2.52(a/b)2 + 0.2(a/b)6], a and b are cross sectional dimensions in inches with a < bA = cross sectional area of test specimen, m2

(C) V = Length of Sample/Travel Time through Sample, m/sDynamic E = V2r(0.849)

r = conc. density, kg/m3

(Note: 0.849 factor assumes Poissons Ratio = 0.24).

ASTM: C 215, C 597, C 803, C 805, C 918



REBOUND NUMBER AND PENETRATION RESISTANCE OF HARDENEDCONCRETE (NDT TESTING)

Date: __________________

Site Description and Location: __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Rebound Number Test Penetration ResistanceImpact No. Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Number

ofprobesused

AverageLength notembedded

ApproximateStrength

123456789101112131415AverageApproximateStrength

ASTM C805, C803

Notes:



COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH SAMPLES

Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3Gauge LengthDiameterAreaHeight

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH DATA

Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3Load Dial 1

( )Delta 1 Dial 2

( )Delta 2 Dial 3

( )Delta3

010K20K30K40K50K60K70K80K90K100K

Compressive Strength,

psi

Portland Cement Type ___________ Aggregate Type ___________

Water/Cement Ratio ___________ Slump ___________

Design Strength ___________

Date: ___________ Recorded by: _________________

ASTM: C39, C512



FLEXURAL STRENGTH SAMPLE

Length, inches ___________ Weight, lbs ___________

Span, inches ___________ Unit Weight, pcf ____________

Width, inches ___________

Depth, inches ___________ Design Strength, psi ___________

FLEXURAL STRENGTH DATA

Load, lbs. Dial Reading( )

Deflection

( )

Date ______________ Name _______________________

ASTM: C78



TRADITIONAL ASPHALT BINDER TESTS

Name _________________________________________ Date ____________________

Sample No. Source Grade

Asphalt Type(s): 1 ______________ ___________

2 ______________ ___________

3 ______________ ___________

I. Penetration: Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2 Sample No. 3Test 1 ___________ ___________ ___________Test 2 ___________ ___________ ___________Test 3 ___________ ___________ ___________Average ___________ ___________ ___________

II. Ductility, cm.: ___________ ___________ ___________

III. Absolute Viscosity:Viscometer No. _________________ _______________Bulb Used _________________ _______________Time, sec. (t) _________________ _______________Calib. Factor (C) _________________ _______________Viscosity (poises) = Ct _________________ _______________

IV. Specific Gravity: Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2(A) Wt. Of pycnometer + stopper, gm ___________ ___________(B) Wt. Of pycn., stopper + water, gm ___________ ___________(C) Wt. of pycn., stopper, + asph, gm ___________ ___________(D) Wt. pycn., stopper, asph, water, gm ___________ ___________

SPECIFIC GRAVITY: ___________ ___________ (C A) / ((B A) (D C))

ASTM D 5, D 70, D 113, D 2161, D 2171, D3381



SUPERPAVE BINDER TESTS 1

Binder Grade: ____________________________ Date: __________________________

DYNAMIC SHEAR RHEOMETERTest 1 Test 2 Test 3

Modulus (G*), PascalPhase angle (*), DegreesG*/(sin *), PascalStrain Amplitude, PercentTemperature, CPlate Diameter, mmThickness, mm

BROOKFIELD ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER TEST

Constants (unless otherwise noted)Test Temperature 135CTorque 2% - 98%Motor Speed 20 RPMSpindle No. 27

Sample placed in Thermosel at __________________________(wait at least 30 minutes before taking readings)

Readings should be taken approximately 1 minute apartReading Time Viscosity, cPa % torque

123

Average -------------------------- -----

ASTM P246, D4402



SUPERPAVE BINDER TESTS 2

FLEXURAL CREEP STIFFNESS USING BENDING BEAM RHOMETER

Binder Grade: _________________ Date: _________________ Time: _______________

Beam width: __________________ Thickness: _____________ Span Length: 102 mm

Time, s Deflection, mm Load, mN Temperature, C8153060120240

Measured Stiffness S(t) = PL3/4bh3d(t)

S(t) = time-dependent flexural creep stiffness, MPaP = constant load, NL = Span length, mmb = width of beam, mmh = thickness of beam, mmd(t) = deflection of beam, mm

AASHTO TP1

ROLLING THIN-FILM OVEN TEST



ASPHALT MIXING, THEORITICAL MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY,

Date: ______________________________

Sample Identification:_____________________________________________________

A. Components of Mix (if mixing in lab)Mass of asphalt in mix _____________ _____________

Mass of aggregate in mix _____________ _____________

% by wt AC _____________ _____________

% by wt aggregate _____________ _____________

B. Theoretical Maximum Specific GravityDry bowl mass _____________ _____________

Dry mass of bowl & asphalt _____________ _____________

Dry mass of asphalt (A) _____________ _____________

Mass of asphalt & bowl in water (B) _____________ _____________

Mass of bowl in water (D) _____________ _____________

Mass of sample in water at 25EC (C)C = B - D _____________ _____________

Gmm=Theor. Max. Sp. Gravity = A/(A-C) _____________ _____________

ASTM D979, D2041, D1559



BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY, MARSHALL STABILITY AND FLOW,

Name ________________________________ Date Tested _____________________

Sample Identification: _______________________________________________________

Asphalt Cement S. G. ____________ Aggregate S. G. ______________

Specimen 1: Diameter ________________ Height _____________________



Spec. 1 Spec. 2 Spec. 3BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Marshall specimens)

Dry mass in air (A) ______ ______ ______

Mass in water (C) ______ ______ ______

SSD mass in air (B) ______ ______ ______

Gmb = Bulk Sp. Gr. = A/(B-C) ______ ______ ______

Temperature of water ______ ______ ______

Correction factor, K (1 at 25BC) ______ ______ ______

Bulk Sp. Gr. = Gmb * K ______ ______ ______

MARSHALL STABILITYDial Reading ______ ______ ______

Prov. Ring Factor ______ ______ ______

Sample Size Factor ______ ______ ______

Marshall Stability, lbs ______ ______ ______

Marshall Flow Value: 1/100 inches ______ ______ ______

ASTM D2726, D 3203



BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gyratory), IGNITION OVEN TEST

Sample Identification: ____________________________ Date: __________________

Spec. 1 Spec. 2 Spec. 3BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (Gyratory specimens)

Dry mass in air (A) ______ ______ ______

Mass in water (C) ______ ______ ______

SSD mass in air (B) ______ ______ ______

Gmb = Bulk Sp. Gr. = A/(B-C) ______ ______ ______

Temperature of water ______ ______ ______

Correction factor, K (1 at 25BC) ______ ______ ______

Bulk Sp. Gr. = Gmb * K ______ ______ ______

IGNITION OVEN TESTCalibrated Asphalt Content (%) ______ ______ ______

PERCENT AIR VOIDSMass of Asphalt Binder ______

Mass of Aggregate ______

Gmm = Theo. Max. Sp. Gr. ______

% Voids in the Mix (VTM) = 100(Gmm - Gmb) / Gmm = ______

% Voids in Agg. (VMA) = 100 - Gmb(Ps/Gsb) = ______Ps = Percent by weight of aggregateGsb = bulk specific gravity of the aggregate

(assume 2.750 if not available)

% Voids filled with asphalt (VFA) = 100(VMA - VTM)/VMA ______



GYRATORY COMPACTION TEST

Mix Identification _________________________ Date ___________________________

GYRATORY COMPACTIONSpecimen Diameter_________________ Pressure ____________________

Gyrations Height, mm Gyrations Height, mm0102030405060708090100

AASHTO TP153, ASTM D2726, AASHTO TP4



WOOD COMPRESSION TESTS DATA SHEET

Type of Wood _________________________ Date Tested _____________

No. of Rings / inch: Parallel Sample _____ Perpendicular Sample ___________

Sample Dimensions:Parallel to Grain: Gage Lth. ________ Width ________

Sample Lth. ________ Breadth ________

Weight ________

Perpend. to Grain: Bearing Plate ________ Sample Width ________

Sample Lth. ________ Breadth ________

Weight ________

PARALLEL TO GRAIN PERPENDICULAR TO GRAINLOAD (lbs) Dial Reading

( )Deformation

(in)LOAD (lbs) Dial Reading

( )Deformation

(in)

ASTM D 198



WOOD BENDING TEST DATA SHEET

Type of Wood ________________________ Date Tested ________________

No. of Rings / inch: ______ Approx. distance from center of tree ____________

Sample Dimensions: Length _______ Width _______ Height _______ Span _______

Weight of Beam: _________ Density of Beam _________ lb / ft3

LOAD(lbs)

DIALREADING( )

DEFLECTION(in.)

Notes:______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

________________________

ASTM D 198



Appendix BConcrete Mixing and Testing Field Notes



CONCRETE MIX AND TESTING FIELD NOTES

C192 Making and Curing Test Specimens in the Laboratory

Mallet: 1.25 +/- 0.5 lb

Mixing Procedureweigh out portions of components, water in two containers1. Add coarse aggregate2. Add some of mixing water3. Add admixture if using4. Start mixer5. Add fine aggregate6. Add cement7. Add water8. Mix 3 minutes9. Rest 3 minutes (cover to prevent evaporation)10. Mix 2 minutes11. Deposit sample into clean container (wheel barrow), [see C172 for sampling procedure]

remix to eliminate segregation.

Mold as close as possible to sampling location for first 24 hrs curing.Cover molded samples immediately, wet burlap and plastic good.

Remove molds in 24 hrs +/- 8Moist cure 73 +/- 3deg F until test (free water maintained on entire surface)Vibration free for first 28 hrs !!Water Storage Curing: immersed in water saturated with calcium hydroxide.

C1064 Temperature

0 - 120 deg F thermometer3 inches min. cover over sensormeasure in transportation unit of formsubmerge a minimum of 2 minutes or stabilizedmeasure within 5 min after obtaining sample

C172 SamplingFrom revolving drum collect 2 or more portions from regularly spaced intervals during middle portionof discharge of batch. Mix into composite sample.Elapsed time from first to final portion shall not exceed 15 minutesSlump, temperature, air content start within 5 minutes of final portion of composite sample.Start molding test specimens within 15 minutes after obtaining final portion.

C143 Slump

Mold: 4" to 8" diameter, x 12" highrod: 5/8" x 24" with 5/8" radius rounded end2.5 minutes

1. Dampen mold and equipment2. Perform on flat, clean, nonabsorbent, rigid surface3. Place in mold in 1/3 layers at 2 5/8" and 6 1/8" heights4. Rod 25 times just into layer beneath5. Keep excess at top during rodding last layer6. Strike off at top with tamping rod7. Remove cone in 3 - 7 sec8. Measure slump to displaced original center of top (if falling or shearing do over)9. Report to nearest 1/4"10. Complete entire test from filling to removal in 2.5 minutes

C138 Unit wt, Yield, Air content

Unit WtUse measure used for coarse aggregate unit wt ( cf), or the measure used with the Air Pressuremeter (1/4 cf) if nominal maximum size aggregate is 1" or lessNormally compact by rodding but require different method for slump

C31 Forming Test specimens in the field

Cylindrical moldsdampen mold3 layer 25 rodding smart tapping routine, penetrate lower layer ~1" for 6" dia. molds

Beam moldscoat mold in mineral oil..For our size mold, place in 2 layers, rod one time for each 2 in2 of top surface area

Place specimens on vibration free surface and cover with damp cloth or water proof cover

For your Laboratory, return in approximately 24 hrs (+/- 8hrs), removecylindrical mold and trash the mold (save the lid), identify cylinder withdate and name and place in humid room. Remove beam mold andreassemble and place on the storage shelf and place beam in humidroom.

Astm

Documents

asphalt mix testing

testing notes

metals testing

superpave binder testing

concrete strength test

hardness testing of

torsion testing of metal

test fresh concrete