Associate yourself with Men of good Quality if you Esteem your own Reputation; for 'is better to be alone than in bad Company.

Associate yourself with Men of good Quality if you Esteem your own

Reputation; for 'is better to be alone than in bad

Company.

King George III• Ascends to throne on death of Grandfather, King George II, in 1760• Determined to restore power to the crown• 22 years old at coronation• Possibly insane, or mad, because of rare genetic diseases• Gets rid of William Pitt and replaces him with unpopular P.M.s:

Bute (1762-63)Grenville (1763-65) Townshend (Exchequer)Rockingham (1765-66)William Pitt (1766-68)Fitzroy (1768-70)William Lord North (1770-82)

• Believes colonies are inferior to British in GB• English taxed at 30%, colonies indirectly taxed at 1-2% (make colonies pay)

British Concerns following the F/I War

1. Where to house experienced troops.

2. What to do with colonial assemblies.

3. What should be relationship to NA

4. How to plan for revenge of defeated foes

5. How to pay for the great debt incurred by the war

Stationing of British Troops

Garrison old French forts in NW Territory

Maintain colonial seaports and border towns

Protect colonists from NA reprisals

Recruitment and training of colonial militia

Maintain a trained Army to move to the next engagement (Do not move back to England)

Treaty of Paris, 1763

1754 1763

Spain gave:

FL to England

France gave:

Land between Appalachian Mountains and MS River to EnglandForfeited trading posts and fortsLand west of the MS River and New Orleans to Spain

England gave:

Cuba and the Phillipines to Spain

Americans forced to pay for the F/I War

• 1760 George III assumes power in England• 1763 William Pitt forced from role as PM• 1763 George Grenville, an MP loyal to KGIII is appointed

as PM• 1763 Grenville immediately moves to have Americans

pay taxes to repay war debt; requires colonists to house British troops

• 1763- Restrictions on Colonial paper money• 1763 fur trade put directly in hands of royal officers;

trade restricted with NA by colonists• 1763 Charles Townshend is selected to enforce tax

collection in America• 1764 Sugar Act

British Control of Colonial Assemblies

By 1763, "certain fundamental American beliefs had become clear. From Massachusetts to Georgia, colonists aggressively defended the powers of the provincial assemblies. They drew on a rich legislative history of their own. Over the course of the century, the American assemblies had steadily expanded their authority over taxation and expenditure. Since no one in Britain bothered to clip their legislative wings, these provincial bodies assumed a major role in policymaking and routine administration. In other words, by mid-century the assemblies looked like American copies of Parliament" (The American Story). Actually, colonial independence served the cause of British Empire well as the assemblies in the various colonies took care of local concerns. However, a growing controversy over sovereignty created an ever-widening rift between Britons and Americans. Who was ultimately sovereign in governing the colonies-was it Parliament or the colonial assemblies? Before 1763 the sovereignty debate didn't really matter for practical purposes. Again, Parliament was all too happy to let the assemblies govern themselves, and minister to local matters. Moreover, during the first half of the sixteenth century, Parliament did not strictly enforce revenue collections. After 1763, however, British Parliament began to assert its sovereignty. Simply put, the French and Indian War cost big bucks, and Parliament proclaimed its sovereignty in governing the colonies. Essentially, Parliament asserted its sovereign right to tax American colonists in order to help pay a national debt "so huge that more than half the annual national budget went to pay the interest on it"

Proclamation (Line) of 1763

1. Effectively closes of western expansion to existing settlers and cancels western claims of colonies

2. Kept existing debt level high in the colonies

3. Keeps NA temporarily at bay

4. Creates buffer between colonies and Spain (west of the MS River

5. Established four new colonies: Quebec, E/W Florida, Grenada

6. Put fur trade in English hands on English terms

7. Consolidate English holdings in NA and controlled all major water access routes and approaches

To every Person having the Rank of a Field Officer--5,000 Acres. (941)To every Captain--3,000 Acres. (1569)To every Subaltern or Staff Officer,--2,000 Acres. (2353)To every Non-Commission Officer,--200 Acres . (23539)To every Private Man--50 Acres. (94,157)

Proclamation of 1763

Existing colonists would forfeit claims in the NW territory

NA seemingly given priority

British soldiers given land in

amounts shown below

Fur trade given to English

agents

Arm

y a

nd

N

av

y

NJ total acres 4,707,863

Bergen Co acres 148,529

Native American Conflict

1763 Pontiacs Rebellion in Ohio River Valley. Pontiac gathers band of Mohawk and allies, captures Ft Detroit and Ft Niagara. Gen Amherst uses smallpox infected blankets to debilitate NA; war lost when most warriors desert in winter

Anglo-Cherokee Wars

1760-1763

•Allied during the F/I War

•Distrust and betrayal led to war

•Small acts were followed by massive retaliation

•British troops chased Cherokee into Smoky Mountains in NC

•Battles fought in VA, TN and major battles in SC

•Three treaties signed to end hostilities