Non-surgical Methods Embryo recovery and transfer Artifical insemination Transvaginal oocyte recovery Pregnancy diagnosis ASSISTED REPRODUCTION IN HORSES. Reproductive Physiology and Embryology Cattle Advantages Equine Advantages Structure of Industries What can be learned? WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM CATTLE? Similarities Differences Differences Similarities Differences - Timing and course - Blastocyst- gets a capsule - Expands faster - IVF is problematic - Efficacy of superovulation - Efficacy of in vitro fertilization - Injection cryopreservation of embryos and sperm - Fewer sperm needed - Higher tolerance of embryos to donor.recipient asynchrony -Efficacy of intracytoplasmic sperm injection - Neither is monlithic - One sex offspring will be more valuable Cattle- 1 or 2 cows- donor objective- to get as many offspring as possible per donor - Use of vivo-matured oocytes - Availability of older mares - Follwing each mare's reproductive status. - Available sexed semen, slaughterhouse ovaries - More efficient nonsurgical recovery of morulae/early blastocysts - Low costs for beed and care - Use of bovine oocytes for ICSI of equine sperm to test fertility - Cloning and somatic cell nuclear transfer Horses- dozen of donor mares to get 1 or 2 additional offspring per donor per year Differences - Higher efficacy of super- ovulation protocols -Higher success rates from cryopressing embryos