ENGINE TYPEApetrol engine(known as agasoline engine) is
aninternal combustion enginewithspark-ignition, designed to run on
petrol (gasoline) and similar volatile fuels.In most petrol
engines, the fuel and air are usually pre-mixed before compression
(although some modern petrol engines now use cylinder-direct petrol
injection). The pre-mixing was formerly done in acarburetor.
Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 has an engine code of 4G19 with following
engine specs 1.4 L4G33I4 (gasoline) 4-inline engine cylinder having
(73 x 86) mm bore and stroke. There was also an MCA-Jet equipped
G33B developed to fulfill the 1978 Unleaded fuel 87 Fuel
consumption: EPA urban (mpg): 25, country/highway (mpg): 31 and
combined (mpg): 27 Fuel economy EPA highway (mpg): 31 and EPA city
(mpg): 25 Multi-point injection fuel system 13.2 gallon main
unleaded fuel tank Power: 89 kW , 120 HP SAE @ 5,500 rpm; 130 ft lb
, 176 Nm @ 4,250 rpm
ENGINE CYLINDERAcylinderis the central working part of
areciprocating engine, the space in which apistontravels.Multiple
cylinders are commonly arranged side by side in a bank, orengine
block, which is typicallycastfromaluminumorcast ironbefore
receiving precision machine work. Cylinders may besleeved(linedwith
a hardermetal) orsleeveless(with a wear-resistant coating such
asNikiski). A sleeveless engine may also be referred to as a
"patent-bore engineMitsubishi has sleeved engine cylinder walls
made up of aluminum having dimensions of 73mm bore and 86 mm
stroke
VALVE SYSTEMThe valve train consists of the valves and a
mechanism that opens and closes them. The opening and closing
system is called a camshaft. The camshaft has lobes on it that move
the valves up and down, as shown in figure
Most modern engines have what are called overhead cams. This
means that the camshaft is located above the valves, as you see in
Figure. The cams on the shaft activate the valves directly or
through a very short linkage. Older engines used a camshaft located
in the sump near the crankshaft.Rodslinked the cam below tovalve
liftersabove the valves. This approach has more moving parts and
also causes more lag between the cam's activation of the valve and
the valve's subsequent motion. Atiming beltor timing chain links
the crankshaft to the camshaft so that the valves are in sync with
the pistons. The camshaft isgearedto turn at one-half the rate of
the crankshaft. Many high-performance engines have four valves per
cylinder (two for intake, two for exhaust), and this arrangement
requires two camshafts per bank of cylinders, hence the phrase
"dual overhead cams."Mitsubishi uses MIVEC valve system for its
models from 2005 to 2012. MIVEC (Mitsubishi Innovative Valve timing
Electronic Control system)is thebrand nameof avariable valve
timing(VVT)engine technology developed byMitsubishi Motors. MIVEC,
as with other similar systems, varies the timing of the intake and
exhaust camshafts which increases the power and torque output over
a broad engine speed range while also being able to help spool a
turbocharger more quickly. MIVEC was first introduced in 1992 in
their4G92power plant. The conventional4G92engine provided 145PS
(107kW; 143hp) at 7000rpm,the MIVEC-equipped engine could achieve
175PS (129kW; 173hp) at 7500rpm.
MIVEC-MD:In the early years of developing its MIVEC technology,
Mitsubishi also introduced a variant dubbed MIVEC-MD (Modulated
Displacement),a form ofvariable displacement. Under a light
throttle load, the intake and exhaust valves in two of the
cylinders would remain closed, and the reduced pumping losses gave
a claimed 1020 percent improvement in fuel economy. Modulated
Displacement was dropped around 1996.TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMAmachineconsists of a power source and a power transmission
system, which provides controlled application of the power.
Merriam-Webster definestransmissionas an assembly of parts
including the speed-changing gears and the propeller shaft by which
the power is transmitted from an engine to a live
axle.Oftentransmissionrefers simply to thegearboxthat uses
gearsandgear trainsto providespeedandtorqueconversions from a
rotating power source to another device.Mitsubishi lancer offers
three types of transmission system4-speedmanual (super shift
transmission).5-speed manual.3-speedautomatic.Super Shift
Transmission:TheSuper Shifttransmission, also marketed as
Twin-Stick, was amanualtransaxletransmission developed byMitsubishi
Motors in late 1970s. The Super Shift gearbox was developed from a
standard five-speed manual transmission for use in the first
generationMitsubishi Mirage, the company's firstfront wheel
drivemodel.As the transmission was mounted beneath the engine, the
gearbox needed to take power down from the clutch. It was not
possible to do this directly as this would have meant that the
gearbox rotated in the opposite direction to that required, and
therefore the use of an extra 'idle' shaft was required. It was
subsequently realized that this shaft could be modified as a
separate 2-speed gearbox, which would be controlled by a secondary
shift lever mounted alongside the main gear shift lever inside the
cabin.5-Speed Manual:Mitsubishi lancer also comes in 5 speed manual
transmission. Amanual transmission, also known as amanual gearbox,
stick shift(for vehicles with hand-lever shifters),standard
transmission,n-speed manual(ndepending on gears) or colloquially
astick(for hand-shifters), is a type oftransmissionused in motor
vehicleapplications. It uses a driver-operatedclutchengaged and
disengaged by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever (motorcycle),
for regulatingtorquetransfer from theengineto the transmission; and
agear selectoroperated by hand (automobile) or by foot
(motorcycle).CVTTransmission:Mitsubishi lancer 2005 model also
comes in CVT transmission system and it was the first vehicle to
use this transmission system. Acontinuously variable
transmission(CVT), (also known assingle-speed transmission,gearless
transmission,one-speed automatic,variable pulley transmission, or
in case of motorcycles, atwist-and-go) is atransmissionthat can
change seamlessly through an infinite number of effectivegear
ratiosbetween maximum and minimum values. This contrasts with other
mechanical transmissions that offer a fixed number of gear ratios.
The flexibility of a CVT allows theinputshaft to maintain a
constantangular velocity.
BRAKING SYSTEM
Most modern cars have disc brakes on the front wheels, and some
have disc brakes on all four wheels. This is the part of the brake
system that does the actual work of stopping the car.The most
common type of disc brake on modern cars is the single-piston
floating caliper.Abrakeis amechanical devicewhich inhibits motion,
slowing or stopping a moving object or preventing its motion. And
the system which performs this process is known as Braking
System.
There are mainly two types of braking system used in
automobiles:1) Drum brake.2) Disc brake. Drum Brake:Adrum brakeis
abrakethat usesfrictioncaused by a set ofshoesorpadsthat press
against a rotating drum-shaped part called a brake drum.
Disc Brake:Adisc brakeis a wheel brake that slows rotation of
the wheel by the friction caused by pushingbrake padsagainst abrake
discwith a set ofcalipers. Disk brake system is used in Mitsubishi
Lancer 2005 for brakes.
FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM
Fuel injectionis a system for admittingfuelinto aninternal
combustion engine.It has become the primary fuel delivery system
used inautomotiveengines having replacedcarburetorsduring the 1980s
and 1990s. A variety of injection systems have existed since the
earliest usage of the internal combustion engine.The primary
difference between carburetors and fuel injection is that fuel
injectionatomizesthe fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small
nozzle under high pressure, while a carburetor relies
onsuctioncreated by intake air accelerated through a Venture tubeto
draw the fuel into the airstream.A variety of injection systems
have existed since the earliest usage of the internal combustion
engine.A fuel injection system is designed and calibrated
specifically for the type(s) of fuel it will handle. Most fuel
injection systems are for gasoline ordieselapplications.
Working Principle:The fuel injector is only a nozzle and a
valve: the power to inject the fuel comes from apumpor a pressure
container farther back in the fuel supply.
This is a fuel injection system of Mitsubishi Lancer 2005 having
4 stroke Petrol engine and 4 nozzles are used for fuel
injection.Cooling System
Internal combustion engine coolinguses either air or a liquid to
remove the waste heat from aninternal combustion engine. Cooling
systems are of mainly two types:1) Air-cooling system.2) Liquid
cooling system.
Air-cooling system:In these systems, engines are cooled by the
air which flows nearby to the engine and thus extra heat is moved
away by the process of convection. Air-cooling systems are commonly
used in small airplanes.
Liquid Cooling System:In this cooling system, a liquid coolant
runs through a heat exchanger (radiator) that is cooled by the air.
Most liquid-cooled engines use a mixture of water and chemicals
such asantifreezeand rust inhibitors. Normally, a liquid with
different properties, such aspropylene glycolor a combination of
propylene glycol andethylene glycol.
Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan is found immediately in front of
vehicle's radiator and sends fresheroutdoor air around the radiator
fins. Its Radiator Fan is turned by belts and is built out of
either metalor plastic and is normally guarded by a plastic or
metal shroud. The Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan drives cool
exterior air intothe radiator to increase the cooling process. A
Mitsubishi Lancer Radiator Fan boosts air flow through the radiator
so that thecoolant is successfully cooled. Mitsubishi Lancer
Radiator Fans facilitate the circulation of cooler air through the
car's coolingsystem, especially when the automobile is not in
motion.SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Suspensionis the system ofsprings,shock absorbersandlinkagesthat
connects avehicleto itswheelsand allows relative motion between the
two.There are two purposes of a suspension system:1) It allows the
vehicle's handlingand braking for good active safety and driving
pleasure.2) It keeps the vehicle occupants comfortable and
reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations,
etc.The design of front andrear suspensionof a car may be
different.Obviously any four wheel vehicle needs suspension for
both the front wheels and the rear suspension, but in two wheel
drive vehicles these can be very different configuration. For front
wheel driverear suspension has few constraints and a variety ofbeam
axlesandindependent suspensionare used. Rare wheel drive cares rear
suspension has many constraints and the development of the superior
but more expensiveindependent suspensionlayout has been
difficult.Four-wheel driveoften has suspensions that are similar
for both the front and rear wheels. There are different types of
suspension system used in vehicles The rare suspension on a
truck
Mitsubishi lancer offers solid axle suspension system
HOW CAR SUSPENSIONS WORKThe job of a car suspension is to
maximize the friction between thetiresand the road surface, to
provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure the
comfort of the passengers.if a road were perfectly flat, with no
irregularities, suspensions wouldn't be necessary. But roads are
far from flat. Even freshly paved highways have subtle
imperfections that can interact with the wheels of a car. It's
these imperfections that apply forces to the wheels. According to
Newton's laws of motion, all forces have both
magnitudeanddirection. A bump in the road causes the wheel to move
up and down perpendicular to the road surface. The magnitude, of
course, depends on whether the wheel is striking a giant bump or a
tiny speck. Either way, the car wheel experiences avertical
accelerationas it passes over an imperfection.Without an
intervening structure, all of wheel's vertical energy is
transferred to the frame, which moves in the same direction. In
such a situation, the wheels can lose contact with the road
completely. Then, under the downward force ofgravity the wheels can
slam back into the road surface. What you need is a system that
will absorb the energy of the vertically accelerated wheel,
allowing the frame and body to ride undisturbed while the wheels
follow bumps in the road.DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM MECHANISMDefinition:
Adifferentialis a particular type of simpleplanetary gear trainthat
has the property that the angular velocity of its carrier is the
average of the angular velocities of its sun and annular gears.
This is accomplished by packaging the gear train so it has afixed
carrier train ratioR = -1, which means the gears corresponding to
the sun and annular gears are the same size. This can be done by
engaging the planet gears of two identical and coaxialepicyclical
gear trainsto form aspur gear differential. Another approach is to
usebevel gearsfor the sun and annular gears and a bevel gear as the
planet, which is known as abevel gear differential.
Application In Automobiles:Inautomobilesand other wheeled
vehicles, the differential allows the outer drive wheel to rotate
faster than the inner drive wheel during a turn. This is necessary
when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is traveling around
the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the
other. The average of the rotational speed of the two driving wheel
equals the input rotational speed of the drive shaft. An increase
in the speed of one wheel is balanced by a decrease in the speed of
the other.There are different types of differential system used in
vehicles according to their requirement. Four wheel drive needs
separate differential system than two wheel drive. Mitsubishi uses
spur gear differential system in their most vehicles.