Assignment 2

ASSIGNMENT 2

ASSIGNMENT 2OPERATIONAL RESEARCHGroup Members:Rosnizan binti Abdul Rashid M20142002177Sazilah binti SamM20142002191G Biremah A/P Govindasamy M20142002241

1THE ARTICLE:LANDFILL SUITABLITY ANALYSIS USING AHP METHOD AND STATE OF HEAVYMETALS POLLUTION IN SELECTED LANDFILLS IN OMAN.European Scientific Journal June 2014 edition vol.10, No.17 ISSN:1857 7881(Print) e - ISSN1857- 7431BACKGROUNDThis article is about to choose the suitable site for landfill in Oman.Several criteria were defined to assess suitability of three unlined landfill sites in Al Amirat, Al Mabella and Bousher.INTRODUCTIONWaste : the most significant concerns that threaten the environment nowadays.Different method used for waste management.Predominant method : LANDFILLING.Continued..Why Landfilling ?most economical optionAllows solid waste to decomposed under controlled conditions.

Continued..Factors to be considered :GeologyHydrogeologyGeographicalHauling distanceLand availability

To minimize the impact of landfill on the surrounding environment.6PROBLEMArise some problems during landfill activities such as :Serious impact on economy, ecology and environmental health( gases, leachate, litter, flies, dust, odour, fire, traffic, noise )Groundwater quality( water pollution )

Continued..Most of the landfill surrounded by residential area.Population growth generated larger amount of waste To choose safe site for landfill costly and need multi-criteria decision making.

WASTE MANAGEMENT IN OMAN.Sultanate of Oman produced about 1 million ton of waste.Table below shows the status and management of the unlined landfills in Muscat ( Al- Amirat , Al Mabella , Bousher )Table 1 :

Continued..As a conclusion, the problems regarding landfill in Oman are :

1. Selection of most suitable location for a landfill2. Considered to minimize the impact of landfill on the surrounding environment3. Criteria assessed :1. proximity to faults (PF)2. proximity to roads (PR)3. proximity to airports (PA)4. proximity to residential areas (PRA)5. proximity to wadies (PW)6.proximity to coastal zone (PCZ)7.proximity to ground waterwells (PGWW)8. proximity to surface water (PS)9. permeability to strata(Per)10. ground waterdepth (GWD)11. geology (G)

COMPUTIONAL SOLUTION METHOD USED.MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Analysis) used for landfill site selection.Provide decision makers the most satisfactory and preferable alternative.Continued ..Method used - AHP method Decision making method implemented by such an analysis to identify the priority of alternatives when many criteria are consideredContinued..Step by step computation:Decision problems was decomposed into simpler decision problems to form a decision hierarchy.Apply pair-wise comparison matrix in which Saaty's nine-point weighing scale.See table 2.Continued..The scale for comparison consists of values ranging from 1 to 9 :a value of 1 expresses equal importance a value of 9 is given to those factors having an extreme importance over another factorThe weight and scores were produced by means of sequences of multiplication equations.See table 3

Table 2.

Table 3.

Continued..Continue compute all the factors based on the weighted.See table 4,5Table 4.Criteria and their weights for landfill suitability analysis.

Table 5.Comparison and weights of each landfill with regard to different criteria.

FINDINGSTable 6.Suitability classes for different criteria

Continued..Table 6.

Continued..Table 6

NO.1 Al Amirat landfill was the highest in score (0.375). This means that this site satisfies most of the criteria set in this study. It was more suitable in relation to criteria like proximity to roads, permeability of strata and geologyCONCLUSIONThe results show that Bousher is the most unsuitable landfill site with a score of 0.309,while Al Amirat is the most suitable site (score:0.375). The assessment of heavy metals in the leachate of the most suitable site has showed that leachate was contaminated with heavy metalsThank you.