ASSET Liabili ty Management
Nov 17, 2014
ASSET Liability
Management
Asset Liability Management
In banking, Asset Liability Management is the practice of managing risks that arise due to mismatch between the assets and liabilities (debts and assets) of the bank. It is a coordinated management of the entire portfolio of a financial institution.
Focus
Bank funds are obtained from variety of sources including current deposits, saving deposits, fixed deposits, short term borrowings, long term borrowings, equity capital etc.
Reserve requirement imposed by RBI must of course be met
The funds available after meeting reserve requirement can then be invested to produce an income for the bank
Asset liability management focuses on the net interest income of the institution
Net interest income = interest revenue
- interest expenses
Historical Perspective
Recently Evolved Phenomenon Gained importance after
Deregulation of bank interest rate Bank financial management
principally was asset management Growth possible through tapping
funds Lead to liability management
Bank
•SAVING A\C
•CURRENT A\C
•F.D.
•LONG AND SHORT TERM BORROWINGS
•EQUITY CAPITAL
INVESTMENTS
Core deposits
Purchased funds
Sources of Fund
Risks To Banks
• Liquidity Risk• Interest rate Risk• Credit risk• Operational risk• Foreign Exchange Risk
• Intense Competition
• Spreads
• Volatile Interest Rates
• Volatile Foreign Exchange Rates
Need of ALM
Asset Liability Mismatch
Asset Liability Mismatch can be due to :-
Investment in Foreign Currency
Difference in Duration
Floating & Fixed Interest Rate Bonds
Gap Analysis
Duration Analysis
Securitisation
OTC Derivatives Market
Techniques of ALM
Asset Liability Committee (ALCO)- Ensures adherence to the limits.
ALM Desk- Operative staff- Analyses, Monitors, Reports &
Forecasts Risk
Organisation
Net interest income is basically determined by :-
• The interest rate earned on assets & paid for
funds.
• The volume of funds.
• The mix of funds or the composition of the
portfolio.
Effect of Rate, Volume & Mix
Money market Instrument
Using futures, options & swaps
Securitisation
Instruments
Defensive
Aggressive
Strategies for Asset Liability Management
Classification
Based on interest rate sensitivity :
• Rate Sensitive Assets/ Liabilities
• Non-Rate Sensitive Assets/ Liabilities
ASSETS Type LIABILITY Type
Short Term SecuritiesVariable Rate LoansShort Term LoansLong Term SecuritiesLong Term LoansOther Assets
RSARSA RSANRSANRSANRSA
Term DepositsAccount BalancesMoney Market DepositsShort Term DepositsLong Term SavingsRepo TransactionsEquity Capital
NRSLNRSLRSLRSLNRSLRSLNRSL
Classification