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Assessment of Reduction in Environmental Burdens through Targeted Measures compared with Whole

Farm Approaches in Cropping and Livestock Systems

Appendix A. Desirable Outcomes and Appendix B. Bibliography for Final Report for IF0131

Submitted by:

Prepared by Agriculture and Environment Research Unit (AERU)

Science and Technology Research Institute University of Hertfordshire

30th October 2009

Report Preparation:

Title Appendix A: Desirable outcomes Appendix B. Bibliography

Status: Final Draft

Reporting to: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)

Organisation: Agriculture and Environment Research Unit Science and Technology Research Institute University of Hertfordshire

Reporting period May 2007 – September 2009

Project conducted by: Dr K. A. Lewis, Dr J. Tzilivakis, Dr D. Warner and Dr A. Green

Project report written by: Dr J Tzilivakis & Dr K A Lewis

Report date: 30th October 2009

Release authorisation:

IF0131: Final Report: Appendices A and B October 2009

Agriculture and the Environment Research Unit 3 University of Hertfordshire

Appendix A. Desirable outcomes Outcome group Outcome

Air quality Maintain/improve air quality

Animal health and welfare

Livestock are free from discomfort

Livestock are free from fear and distress

Livestock are free from hunger and thirst

Livestock are free from pain, injury or disease

Livestock are free to express normal behaviour

Biodiversity Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - improve habitat and management

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce nutrient impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce other impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Aquatic - reduce pesticide impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - improve habitat and management

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - reduce nutrient impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - reduce other impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Birds - reduce pesticide impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - improve habitat and management

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - reduce nutrient impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - reduce other impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Invertebrates - reduce pesticide impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - improve habitat and management

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - reduce nutrient impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - reduce other impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Mammals - reduce pesticide impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - improve habitat and management

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - reduce nutrient impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - reduce other impacts

Maintain and enhance biodiversity: Plants - reduce pesticide impacts

Biosecurity Improved control and eradication of animal diseases

Reduce endemic diseases in animals

Reduce incidence of zoonotic diseases in animals which might pose a hazard to human health

Carbon sequestration

Increase carbon sequestration

Countryside access and recreation

Improve leisure access to natural environment

Economic Economic viability

Provides rural employment

Efficient use of resources

Efficient use of resources - energy

Efficient use of resources - nutrients

Efficient use of resources - pesticides

Efficient use of resources – water

Energy Decrease consumption of non-renewable energy sources

Increase use of renewable energy

Food safety Food safety - pathogens

Food safety - pesticide residues

Food safety - physical contaminants

Food safety - toxic elements

Food safety - veterinary product residues

IF0131: Final Report: Appendices A and B October 2009

Agriculture and the Environment Research Unit 4 University of Hertfordshire

Outcome group Outcome

Food security Ensure food is available to meet consumer demand

Greenhouse gas emissions

Reduce GHG emissions - carbon dioxide

Reduce GHG emissions - methane

Reduce GHG emissions - nitrous oxide

Landscape and heritage

Maintain and improve living landscape

Protection of archaeological sites and features

Public safety Improved road safety

Reduce flooding

Soil quality Maintain/improve chemical soil status

Maintain/improve physical soil status

Waste and recycling

Recycling, reuse and waste minimisation

Water quality Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - nutrients

Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - other

Improve groundwater quality (chemical) - pesticides

Improve surface water quality (chemical) - nutrients

Improve surface water quality (chemical) - other

Improve surface water quality (chemical) - pesticides

Improve water quality – biological

Worker health, safety and welfare

Farm worker welfare is protected and improved

Reduce the incidence of ill-health, injuries and fatalities amongst farm workers

IF0131: Final Report: Appendices A and B October 2009

Agriculture and the Environment Research Unit 5 University of Hertfordshire

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