Chapter 14. Assessment: Dietary and Clinical Data. Nutritional Status. A measurement of the degree to which the individual’s physiologic need for nutrients is being met Nutrient intake Nutrient requirements. Nutrition Imbalance. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A measurement of the degree to which A measurement of the degree to which the individual’s physiologic need for the individual’s physiologic need for nutrients is being metnutrients is being met
Nutrition is an important factor in the Nutrition is an important factor in the etiology and management of several etiology and management of several major causes of death and disabilitymajor causes of death and disability
Homeostasis within safe ranges of intakeHomeostasis within safe ranges of intake
Deficiencies and excessesDeficiencies and excesses
Undernutrition and overnutritionUndernutrition and overnutrition
Purpose: To quickly identify individuals Purpose: To quickly identify individuals who are malnourished or at nutritional risk who are malnourished or at nutritional risk andand t to determine if a more detailed o determine if a more detailed assessment is warrantedassessment is warranted
Usually completed by DTR, nurse, Usually completed by DTR, nurse, physician, or other qualified health care physician, or other qualified health care professionalprofessional
At-risk patients referred to RDAt-risk patients referred to RD
A comprehensive evaluation, completed A comprehensive evaluation, completed by a registered dietitian, for defining by a registered dietitian, for defining nutritional status using medical, social, nutritional status using medical, social, nutritional, and medication histories, nutritional, and medication histories, physical examination, anthropometric physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory datameasurements, and laboratory data
Gather adequate data to make Gather adequate data to make professional judgment about nutritional professional judgment about nutritional statusstatus
Involves obtaining physical Involves obtaining physical measurements of an individual and measurements of an individual and relating them to standards that reflect the relating them to standards that reflect the growth and development of the growth and development of the individualindividual
Evaluate overnutrition and undernutritionEvaluate overnutrition and undernutrition
Important to use proper techniqueImportant to use proper technique
Serial measurements most valuableSerial measurements most valuable
Skinfold Calipers Measure the Thickness of Skinfold Calipers Measure the Thickness of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue in MillimetersSubcutaneous Fat Tissue in MillimetersSkinfold Calipers Measure the Thickness of Skinfold Calipers Measure the Thickness of Subcutaneous Fat Tissue in MillimetersSubcutaneous Fat Tissue in Millimeters
Other Methods of Body CompositionOther Methods of Body Composition
Underwater weighingUnderwater weighing Total body potassiumTotal body potassium Neutron activation analysisNeutron activation analysis BIABIA CTCT Ultrasound and MRIUltrasound and MRI DEXADEXA Air displacement plethysmogramAir displacement plethysmogram
Nutrition screening is needed to identify those Nutrition screening is needed to identify those individuals who would benefit from more in-depth individuals who would benefit from more in-depth nutrition assessment, intervention and follow-up.nutrition assessment, intervention and follow-up.
Careful and meticulous nutritional assessment is an Careful and meticulous nutritional assessment is an important tool in patient management. important tool in patient management.
Adaptations of the exact content of the screening and Adaptations of the exact content of the screening and assessment will vary according to the patient’s medical assessment will vary according to the patient’s medical diagnosis and clinical setting. diagnosis and clinical setting.
A skilled registered dietitian uses the screening and A skilled registered dietitian uses the screening and assessment process to make the best possible decisions assessment process to make the best possible decisions about the specific nutritional diagnoses, interventions, about the specific nutritional diagnoses, interventions, desired outcomes and evaluation.desired outcomes and evaluation.