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Name : Harikrishna Ram S/O Veerannathan.

IC No. 970416-56-5265

Class : 4 RK Beta.

Teacher : Pn. Suhaidha Binti Sulaiman.

SMK SULAIMAN,

BENTONG 28700.

CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF OPENSOURCE SOFTWARE AND LATEST DEVELOPMENT

IN ICT (2013)

LA2.S05.1 The Latest Open Source SoftwareAvailable and the Latest Development in ICT



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Number Title Page

Number

1 1.0 Introduction. 3

2 2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System. 4

3 2.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating System. 4

4 2.2 Examples of Open Source Operating Systems. 4 - 5

5 3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software. 6

6 3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software. 6

7 3.2 Examples of Open source Application Software. 7

8 4.0 The Latest Development in Info Computer Tech. 8

9 4.1 Hardware (Comparison of the Previous & Latest production.) 8

10 4.2 Software (Comparison of the Previous & Latest production.) 9 - 10

11 5.0 Pervasive Computing. 11

12 5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing. 11

13 5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computing. 12 - 13

14 6.0 Conclusion. 14

15 7.0 References. 15

INDEX



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1.0 Introduction

Meaning of Open Source Software (OSS) Open source software (OSS) is defined as computer software for which the

source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are

provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the

public domain. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to

redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.

Meaning of Hardware

A computer's hardware consists of the physical components necessary to operate and interact

with a computer. Since a computer's primary language is binary, devices are necessary to

convert our input into that language. The binary code coming out of the computer must also

be translated into something usable for the operator.

Meaning of Software

Software is often divided into two categories:

1. System software: Includes the operating system and all the utilities that enables the

computer to function.

2. Application software: Includes programs that do real work for users.For example, word

processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category of

applications software.



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2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System.

2.1 Meaning of Open Source OS

Open Source Operating System is the most important program that runs on a computer that isfree to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified

forms. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run

other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from

the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on

the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

2.2 Examples of Open Source OS

UBUNTU 13.04 (RARING RINGTAIL) (RELEASED ON 25TH APRIL 2013)

An operating system with Linux kernel based on Debian and distributed as free and open

source software. Ubuntu uses the Unity Desktop as its default desktop environment. It is

named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu, which can be translated as "humanity

towards others" or "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity". As

of 2012, according to online surveys, Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution on

desktop/laptop personal computers, and most Ubuntu coverage focuses on its use in that

market. However, it is also popular on servers and for cloud computing. Development of

Ubuntu is led by Canonical Ltd., a UK-based company owned by South African

entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical

support and services related to Ubuntu. According to Canonical, the Ubuntu project is

committed to the principles of open source development; people are encouraged to use free

software, improve it, and distribute it.



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LINUX KERNEL 3.10.1 (Released On 30 June 2013)

A Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source

software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel

,an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991, by Linux Dorval’s. Since the

C compiler that builds Linux and the main supporting user space system tools and libraries

originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software

Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux.

Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal

computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other

operating system. It is a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems suchas mainframe computers and supercomputers: more than 90% of today's 500 fastest

supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including the 10 fastest. Linux also runs

on embedded systems (devices where the operating system is typically built into

the firmware and highly tailored to the system) such as mobile phones ,tablet computers,

network routers, building automation controls, televisions and video game consoles;

the Android system in wide use on mobile devices is built on the Linux kernel.

The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source

software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed —

commercially or non-commercially — by anyone under licenses such as the GNU General

Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as a Linux distribution for

desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its

derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and its derivatives

such as Fedora and Cent OS), Mandriva / Mageia , open SUSE (and its commercial

derivative SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), and Arch Linux. Linux distributions include the

Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application

software to full fill the distribution's intended use.

A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include the X Window System and

an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Some such

distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or Xface for use on

older or less powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all

graphical environments from the standard install and instead include other software such as

the Apache HTTP Server and an SSH server such as Open SSH.



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3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software

3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software

Open Source Application Software (also called as end-user programs) includes database

programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. It is free to use, change, and improve the

software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.



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3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software

Apache Open Office (AOO) 4.0.0 (Released On July 23 2013)

Is an opensource office productivity software suite. It descends

from OpenOffice.org (OOo), which was an open-sourced version of the earlier Star Office.

Open Office contains a word processor (Writer), a spreadsheet (Calc),

a presentation application (Impress), a drawing application (Draw), formula editor (Math),

and a database management application (Base). Open Office's default file format is the Open

Document Format (ODF), an ISO/IEC standard, which originated with OpenOffice.org. It

can also read a wide variety of other file formats, with particular attention to those

from Microsoft Office. Apache Open Office is developed for Linux, OS X and Windows,

with ports to other operating systems. It is distributed under the Apache License.

Squirrel Mail

Is an Open Source project that provides both a web-based email application and

an IMAP proxy server.The webmail portion of the project was started by Nathan and Luke

Ehresman in 1999 and is written in PHP. It can be installed on almost all web servers as long

as PHP is present and the web server has access to an IMAP and SMTP server. Squirrel Mail

webmail outputs valid HTML 4.0 for its presentation, making it compatible with a majority

of current web browsers. Squirrel Mail webmail uses a plugin architecture to accommodate

additional features around the core application, and over 200 plugins are available on the

Squirrel Mail website. The Squirrel Mail IMAP proxy server product was created in 2002 by

Dave Mc Murtrie while at the University of Pittsburgh (where it was named "up-imapproxy",

although it has become more commonly known as "imapproxy") and adopted by the Squirrel

Mail team in 2010.It is written in C and is primarily made to provide stateful connections

for stateless webmail client software to an IMAP server, thus avoiding new IMAP logins for

every client action and in some cases significantly improving webmail performance. Licensed

under the GNU General Public License, both Squirrel Mail products are free software. The

webmail product is currently available in over 50 languages. Squirrel Mail webmail is

included in the repositories of many major GNU/Linux distributions and is independently

downloaded by tens of thousands of people every month.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)






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4.0 The Latest Development in ICT

4.1 Hardware

iPad 4 (Released on November 2 2012)

There are four buttons and one switch on the iPad, including a "home" button near the display

that returns the user to the home screen, and three aluminum buttons on the right side and

top: wake/sleep and volume up and volume down, plus a software-controlled switch whose

function varies with software updates. The tablet is manufactured either with or without the

capability to communicate over a cellular network. All models can connect to a wireless

LAN via Wi-Fi. The iPad is available with 16, 32, 64 GB of internal flash memory, with no

expansion option. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD cardreader, but it can

only be used to transfer photos and videos.

The iPad features partially the same hardware as the iPad 4. Both screens have resolutions of

1024 x 768, but the iPad has a smaller screen and thus higher pixel density than iPad 3 (163

PPI vs 132 PPI).Unlike the iPad 2, it has 5 MP and 1.2 MP cameras and the Lightning

connector. The system-on-chip is A5, which is the same one found in the later revision of the

iPad 2 (32 nm). The audio processor is the same found in iPhone 5 and iPad 4th generation,

which allows the iPad Mini to have Siri and voice dictation unlike the iPad 2. The graphics

processor (GPU) of the iPad Mini is the same one found in the iPad

(Power VR SGX543MP2).



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4.2 Software

iOS 6 (Released on September 6 2012)

Two notable apps that iOS 6 removed by default are Google Maps and YouTube. The built-

in Maps app uses Apple's new vector-based engine that eliminates the lag present while

downloading bitmaps from Google's servers, making for smoother zooming. New to Maps

is turn-by-turn navigation spoken directions in certain countries, 3D views in some major

cities and real-time traffic.Turn-by-turn navigation is only available for iPhone 4S or later

and iPad 2 or later with cellular capability, while 3D views are only available for iPhone 4S

or later, fifth-generation iPod Touch, and iPad 2 and later.

Another change includes the inability to download Podcasts through the regular iTunes

application. Instead, users are prompted to download the official Podcasts App in order to

continue.

iOS 6 brings the retrieval of documents such as boarding passes,

admission tickets, coupons and loyalty cards through its new Passbook app. An iOS device

with Passbook can be scanned under a reader to process a mobile payment at participating

locations. The app has context-aware features such as notifications for relevant coupons when

in the immediate vicinity of a given store.



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Apple’s Siri intelligent personal assistant was improved to include the ability to make

restaurant reservations, launch apps, dictate Facebook or Twitter updates, retrieve movie

reviews and detailed sports statistics. Siri, which previously was only supported on iPhone

4S, is also now supported on iPhone 5, fifth-generation iPod Touch, third- through fourth-

generation iPad and iPad Mini.

Facebook comes integrated through Apple’s native apps with iOS 6. Facebook features can

be directly accessed from within native apps such as Calendar which can sync Facebook

events, or use Facebook’s like button from within the Apple App Store.

New privacy settings are available to the user. In addition to location services, the following

have been added in iOS 6: photos (already partially restricted in iOS 5), contacts (address

book), calendars, reminders, Bluetooth sharing, Twitter, Facebook, and Sina Weibo. iOS 6

also comes with a "Limit ad tracking" user control in the general settings menu to allow users

the option to prevent targeted advertising. Apple's Advertising Identifier replaces the

company’s existing UDID standard. Advertising networks not yet using Apple's Advertising

Identifier device identifier standard would not be affected although Apple will require the

standard in the future.



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5.0 Pervasive Computing

5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing

The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with

embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller

and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the result of

computer technology advancing at exponential speeds - a trend toward all man-made and

some natural products having hardware and software. Pervasive computing goes beyond the

realm of personal computers. It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to

appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with

chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive

computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless computing, voice

recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where

the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive

and always available.

5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computing

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/embedded_system.html


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/hardware.html


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/software.html


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/chip.html


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/voice_recognition.html


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/Internet.html


http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/artificial_intelligence.html

http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/artificial_intelligence.html










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GPS Watch

A GPS watch is a device with integrated GPS receiver that is worn as a single unit strapped

onto a wrist, in the manner of a watch. The watch can have other features and capabilities

depending on its intended purpose. GPS watches are most often used for sports and fitness

purposes. Many can connect to external sensors by the wireless ANT+ protocol, and/or to a

computer by USB to transfer data and configuration. Common sensors used are heart rate

monitors and footpods (running cadence and speed sensor). A foot pod can be used to

supplement or replace GPS data, such as providing treadmill speed and distance for the watchto log and share .Recharging by USB is common place.



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NIKE+ FUELBAND

The Nike+ FuelBand is an activity tracker that is worn on the wrist. As part of the Quantified

Self movement, the Fuelband allows the wearer to track their physical activity, steps taken

daily, and amount of calories burned. The information from the wristband is integrated into

the Nike+ online community and phone application, allowing the wearer to set their own

fitness goals, monitor their progression, and compare themselves to others part of the

community. Nike+ relies on the gamification of fitness activities turning all tracked

movement into NikeFuel points, which can unlock achievements, can be shared with friends,

or can be used to engage others in competition.



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6.0 Conclusion

Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so users are free

to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified

forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interact with

computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will

grant your wish.



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7.0 Referencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPad4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iOS6

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPSWatch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike+FuelBand

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