Deuxième Atelier Régional SASS Évaluation Nexus Eau – Alimentation - Energie - Ecosystèmes dans le SASS Hammamet, Tunisie, 18 – 19 Juin 2019 Assessing the Water-Food-Energy- Ecosystems Nexus in the North-Western Sahara Aquifer Youssef Almulla Division of Energy Systems Analysis – Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm - Sweden
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Deuxième Atelier Régional SASSÉvaluation Nexus Eau – Alimentation - Energie - Ecosystèmes dans le SASS
Hammamet, Tunisie, 18 – 19 Juin 2019
Assessing the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in the North-Western
Sahara Aquifer
Youssef Almulla
Division of Energy Systems Analysis – Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
Water Energy Agriculture Environment
Governance
&
international
cooperation
1. Enhance local water
management including by:
revitalising participatory
models in oasis and
enhancing the enforcement
of existing laws on water.
2. Reinforce transboundary
cooperation for sustainable
groundwater resource
management.
6. Enhance mechanisms
for the coordination of
energy development
with other sectoral
plans, to anticipate
tradeoffs and build on
intersectoral synergies.
9. Set up agricultural
policies oriented
toward reasonable,
sustainable and
productive agriculture.
10. Valorize local
products and
strengthen programs
for a more balanced
diet while involving
young people and
women in economic
and social development
of the oases.
13. Increase awareness of
the trade-offs and
synergies between
different sectors in public
institutions.
Economic &
Policy
Instruments
3. Set up dedicated policies
and related incentives for
wastewater reuse in
agriculture and urban areas.
4. Strengthening water
demand management,
including through water
saving programs.
7. Develop a sustainable
program for diversified,
multi-purpose
renewable energy and
the sustainable upscale
of small-scale solar
irrigation.
11.
Promote the circular
economy including
agroecological
practices, by means of
ad-hoc economic
measures and social
instrument.
14. Upgrade inter-sectoral
cooperation based on a
detailed water balance of
the aquifer that includes
sectoral demands as well
as environmental needs.
Infrastructur
e &
Innovation
5. Upscale the use of non-
conventional water
resources through
desalination and
wastewater treatment.
8. Improve the reliability
of the electricity grid in
the rural area, thereby
enhancing the
integration of
renewables for remote
and multiple uses.
12. Enhance innovative
practices and
techniques for
sustainable soil and
crop management and
invest in their upscaling
and dissemination.
15. Systematize
environmental and social
impact assessment for all
new infrastructure (large
and small scale).
➢Action 1: Setting up an effectivecoordination mechanism on the national level between energy and other sectors.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
https://globalhealthafrica.org
➢Action 3: Raise awareness of the decision-makers in each sector about the importance of understanding key sector interdependencies.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
➢Action 4: Setting-up a transboundary energy group of experts to oversee the energy issues in the NWSAS region.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses. STEG, 2017
➢Action 5: Motivate the energy sector to involve effectively in the dialogues at the transboundary level.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
Algiers, 2017
➢ Action 1: Setting up an effective coordination mechanism on the national level between energy and other sectors to overcome the challenges and ensure an integrated strategy of the energy sector that looks at other sectors as partners rather than competitors on resources. Not to mention, the need for a procedural framework for cooperation and harmonization of effort and measures between sectors.
➢ Action 2: Upscaling the existing coordination forms (i.e. cross-sectoral committees) and taking them further to ensure sustainability, effectiveness and systematization of cross-sectoral coordination.
➢ Action 3: Raise awareness of the decision-makers in each sector about the importance of understanding key sector interdependencies and collaborate with other sectors to address them, and incorporate that knowledge in planning and operations.
➢ Action 4: Setting-up a transboundary energy group of experts that involves representatives from the energy ministries, utilities as well as other energy stakeholders to oversee the energy issues in the NWSAS region and connect the basin’s needs to the national energy policymaking and planning process.
➢ Action 5: Motivate the energy sector to involve effectively in the dialogues at the transboundary level.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
Leading Actors: (National Level)
• Algeria:
• Ministry of Energy and Mines.
• Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy.
• National Agency for the Promotion and Rationalization of Energy Use (APRUE).
• The Ministry of Agriculture, rural development and Fisheries. (MADRP).
• Ministry of Water Resources.
• Tunisia:
• Ministry of Industry and SMEs.
• The electricity and gas company (STEG).
• The Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries (MARHP).
• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoralplans, to anticipate tradeoffs and buildon intersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 1: Develop a scheme to support farmers to use and upscale solar irrigation and reduce the use of fossil fuel-based irrigation.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 2: Technical and economical (e.g. fiscal incentives) regulatory measures and tools to avoid overexploitation of groundwater resources.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 3: The development of a multi-purpose scheme that aggregates energy demand and split the cost of solar energy between different activities.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 4: Support the development and diversification of renewable energy sources such as geothermal energy, biomass and waste-to-energy projects.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 5: Restructuring fossil subsidies is very important for the shift towards more renewables.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 6: Facilitate information and experience sharing between countries is key to accomplish meaningful transboundary policies.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 7: Support capacity building and show transparency about the use of water to build trust between administrations and farmers and to raise awareness in the basin.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 8: Enforcement of laws is needed to avoid the overexploitation of groundwater resources in the three countries.
• Action 1: Develop a scheme to support farmers to use and upscale solar irrigation and reduce the use of fossil fuel-based irrigation. Which provides better access to energy sources, reduce pollution from fossil fuels and support the growth of the agricultural sector.
• Action 2: The aforementioned action, should be coupled with the required technical (i.e. monitoring meters) and economical (e.g. fiscal incentives, regulatory measures) tools to avoid overexploitation of groundwater resources.
• Action 3: The development of a multi-purpose scheme that aggregates energy demand (e.g. irrigation and water desalination, potable water conveyance, lighting and heating) and split the cost of solar energy between different activities, which can increase the competitiveness of solar energy.
• Action 4: Support the development and diversification of renewable energy sources by making use of more unconventional resources such as geothermal energy, biomass and waste-to-energy projects.
• Action 5: Restructuring fossil subsidies is very important for the shift towards more renewables, however it has a high social and economic sensitivity that requires wise and gradual change.
• Action 6: Facilitate information and experience sharing between countries is key to accomplish meaningful transboundary policies.
• Action 7: Support capacity building and show transparency about the use of water to build trust between administrations and farmers and to raise awareness in the basin about the importance of shifting to renewable energy, energy efficiency and rational use of water resources.
• Action 8: Enforcement of laws is needed to avoid the overexploitation of groundwater resources in the three countries, by regulating farmers who make inefficient use of the resource.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
Leading Actors: (National Level)
• Algeria:
• Ministry of Energy and Mines.
• Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy.
• The Ministry of Agriculture, rural development and Fisheries. (MADRP).
• Ministry of Water Resources.
• Tunisia:
• Ministry of Industry and SMEs.
• The electricity and gas company (STEG).
• The Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources and Fisheries (MARHP).
• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 1: Strengthening of the grid in the southern parts to be able to support the growing demand as well as to accommodate intermittent renewable energy.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 2: Development of the interconnection between the northern grid and southern grid in Sahara (in the case of Algeria).
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 3: Proper maintenance and/or rehabilitation of the damaged transmission lines and substations due to the war in Libya is needed.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 4: Develop financial supporting schemes and required technical setups to support individuals to generate solar energy and sell surplus electricity to the grid.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 5: Supporting and upscaling the smart metering system is an important step toward the smart grid approach.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Action 6: At the transboundary level, the grid can be strengthened so the electricity exchange between countries can be enhanced and the integration of renewables could reach even higher levels.
• Action 1: Strengthening of the grid in the southern parts to be able to support the growing demand as well as to accommodate intermittent renewable energy. This might require maintaining or upgrading the current transmission network and substations as well as adding new transmission lines and substations.
• Action 2: Development of the interconnection between the northern grid and southern grid in Sahara (in the case of Algeria).
• Action 3: Proper maintenance and/or rehabilitation of the damaged transmission lines and substations due to the war in Libya is needed, to meet the growing electricity demand and avoid power failure during high load hours.
• Action 4: Develop financial supporting schemes and required technical setups to support individuals to generate solar energy and sell surplus electricity to the grid.
• Action 5: Supporting and upscaling the smart metering system is an important step toward the smart grid approach.
• Action 6: At the transboundary level, the grid can be strengthened so the electricity exchange between countries can be enhanced and the integration of renewables could reach even higher levels.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
Leading Actors: (National Level)
• Algeria:
• Ministry of Energy and Mines.
• Tunisia:
• Ministry of Industry and SMEs.
• The electricity and gas company (STEG).
• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy?
• Solution 6: Enhance mechanisms forthe coordination of energydevelopment with other sectoral plans,to anticipate tradeoffs and build onintersectoral synergies.
• Solution 7: Develop a sustainableprogram for diversified, multi-purposerenewable energy and the sustainableupscale of small-scale solar irrigation.
• Solution 8: Improve the reliability ofthe electricity grid in the rural area,thereby enhancing the integration ofrenewables for remote and multipleuses.
• Solution 13: Increase awareness of the trade-offs and synergies between different sectors in public institutions.
• Solution 14: Upgrade inter-sectoral cooperation based on a detailed water balance of the aquifer that includes sectoral demands as well as environmental needs.
• Solution 15: Systematizeenvironmental and social impactassessment for all new infrastructure(large and small scale).
• Solution 13: Increase awareness of the trade-offs and synergies between different sectors in public institutions.
• Solution 14: Upgrade inter-sectoral cooperation based on a detailed water balance of the aquifer that includes sectoral demands as well as environmental needs.
• Solution 15: Systematize environmentaland social impact assessment for allnew infrastructure (large and smallscale).
• Action 1: Carrying out Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for all energy infrastructure projects ranging from power generation, to national grid extensions and or transboundary interconnections.
• Action 2: Taking effective mitigation measures for the identified environmental and social impacts and risks (in the ESIA). As well as developing Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP).
• Action 3: Establishing an effective coordination mechanism between sectors (as discussed in solution 7) is a key enabler to systemize the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA).
• Solution 13: Increase awareness of the trade-offs and synergies between different sectors in public institutions.
• Solution 14: Upgrade inter-sectoral cooperation based on a detailed water balance of the aquifer that includes sectoral demands as well as environmental needs.
• Solution 15: Systematize environmentaland social impact assessment for allnew infrastructure (large and smallscale).
Leading Actors: (National Level)
• Algeria:
• Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy.
• Ministry of Energy and Mines.
• Tunisia:
• Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development.
• Ministry of Industry and SMEs.
• The electricity and gas company (STEG).
• Tunisian Association of Green Development and Renewable Energy?
• Solution 13: Increase awareness of the trade-offs and synergies between different sectors in public institutions.
• Solution 14: Upgrade inter-sectoral cooperation based on a detailed water balance of the aquifer that includes sectoral demands as well as environmental needs.
• Solution 15: Systematize environmentaland social impact assessment for allnew infrastructure (large and smallscale).
Leading Actors: (Transboundary)
• Coordination mechanism.
• Energy group of experts.
Deuxième Atelier Régional SASSÉvaluation Nexus Eau – Alimentation - Energie - Ecosystèmes dans le SASS
Hammamet, Tunisie, 18 – 19 Juin 2019
Assessing the Water-Food-Energy-Ecosystems Nexus in the North-Western
Sahara Aquifer
Youssef Almulla
Division of Energy Systems Analysis – Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)