www.iita.org Assessing participation of IITA in cassava processing activities in Nigeria T. Abdoulaye, A. Abass, B. Maziya- Dixon, G. Tarawali, R. Okechukwu, J. Rusike, A. Arega and V. Manyong.
May 11, 2015
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Assessing participation of IITA in
cassava processing activities in Nigeria
T. Abdoulaye, A. Abass, B. Maziya-
Dixon, G. Tarawali, R. Okechukwu, J.
Rusike, A. Arega and V. Manyong.
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Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Conceptual framework
• Preliminary results
• Observations from surveys
• Future work
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Background
• Cassava impact well documented - productivity gains
• Processing research undocumented
• IITA promoted cassava processing - late 80’s
• Processing increases demand and adoption
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Background
• Processing options for farmers on labor resource
management
• Research on cassava improvement and agricultural
engineering and processing and product development
• PI 2002 opened frontier for marketing processed products
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Objectives
• Credible evidence of the impact of IITA cassava
processing research or lack of it in Nigeria
Specifically identify:
(a) technologies and processes developed and promoted -
how
(b) Characteristics of innovations generated and their
outcomes
(c) Impact of cassava processing research interventions on
households and others sector participants
(d) Lessons to be learned from interventions
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Hypotheses
• Cassava processing research activities generated a
new stream of outputs with potential to confer benefits
to market participants
• The innovations were adopted by fabricators and
processors and resulted in the changes in their
efficiencies
• Improved varieties and Processing are complementary
technologies
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Data Analysis
Data will be analyzed using:
- Descriptive statistics
- Budgeting methods
- Econometric models. including micro-econometric
evaluation methods.
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Approach
• Data from 14 states, 74 villages in 4 regions of Nigeria
• 36 villages with IITA intervention
•38 villages with no-IITA intervention
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Location of Surveyed communities
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Data and Sampling
Households Machine
fabricators
Processors
South West 422 14 10
South East 184 37 48
South South 253 7 69
North Central 93 0 16
Total 952 58 143
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Outcomes: Farmers, Fabricators and Processors:
Changes in knowledge
and practices
Increased business skills
Cost savings
More hygienic facilities
New business, new products
Increased incomes
Impact: Households, village, LGA, State and Nation
Inputs: Facilitation,
Advocacy, labor, funds,
plants, equipments etc..
1. Modified/new
equipments
-Grater
-Press
-Fryers
-Sifters
-Dryers
OUTPUTS
2. Products
- Odorless Fufu
- HQCF
- Better quality Gari
- Chips
- Animal feed
3. Training
- Workshop on
improving machines
- Capacity
building on
business skills
- Training on
process hygiene
Cassava processing R4D – Impact pathway (Adapted from Rusike et al, 2009)
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Selected Cassava products
in surveyed villages
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
% o
f villages
Garri Odourlessfufu Chips Bakery f lour
Products
2009 1999
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Main Cassava Production
constraints
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% o
f v
illag
es
bad road inadequate
input market
pest/disease low yield
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Main cassava processing constraints
.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
% o
f V
illa
ges
inadequate
water sources
bad road inadequate
market
far distance to
processor
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Date of creation of processing
enterprises
Before 2000
After 2000
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Ownership of enterprises
Sole proprietorship
Incorporated
company
Cooperative
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Observations about Cassava
processing sector in Nigeria
• Gari is still the most popular product making the
graters the most used equipment
• Stakeholders recognize IITA as catalyst of
changes
• PI another important factor of change.
• With change in 2007, millers stopped ordering
cassava flour
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Observations about Cassava
processing sector in Nigeria
• “Rent seekers” could not compete – true for both
fabricators and processors
• Others have adjusted and diversified
• Few firms are reconsidering vertical integration
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Households use of improved Cassava
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
More than 10 years 5-10 years Current 2009
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Household Cassava utilization
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
% h
oseh
old
s
boiling
cassava
garri fufu
making
flour
making
dry chips blendind
dry or
w et
mixed
flour
cassava
leaves
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Households awareness and use of
Cassava processing Equipments
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
% o
f h
ou
seh
old
s
peeling grating chipping pressing sifting frying
Machines
Aware(%) Use(%)
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Future Work
1. Component approach to analyze
complementarities and sequencing between
processing and adoption of new varieties.
• Component approach will address if there are reasons
to justify intervention
2. System analysis using intervention and non-
intervention site to measure impact of
interventions as a whole – R4D approach
• System approach will focus on whether interventions
as a whole lead to impact
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Future work
- Use micro-econometrics approach to estimate impact
based on with and without R4D intervention by IITA and
partners.
- Use econometrics to test complementarities - Johnson and Masters, 2004 could establish complementarities at village
level but not at household
- Now small graters more widely use and household level
complementarities can be established
- Conduct production cost and efficiency analysis- Manual vs. mechanical
- Large vs. small enterprise
- Compare to past estimations to test efficiency given
current prices
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Thank You