KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Assessing Media Literacy in Kenya (ongoing research) Paper written by: John Kimotho – SDDMES, KICD Member, Global Digital Literacy Council Presented by: Joseph Wambua During the 3 rd eLearning and innovations conference 1 st October, 2015
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Assessing Media Literacy in Kenya (ongoing
research)
Paper written by:
John Kimotho – SDDMES, KICDMember, Global Digital Literacy Council
Presented by:
Joseph Wambua
During the 3rd eLearning and innovations conference
1st October, 2015
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Definition of media
• In general, "media" refers to various means of communication. For example, television, radio, internet and the newspaper are different types of media.
• Media can also be defined as the main means of mass communication (especially television, radio, newspapers and the Internet) when considered collectively.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Media Literacy
• Media Literacy is a 21st century approach in critical human competencies.
It provides a framework to access, analyze, evaluate, create and participate with messages in a variety of forms — from print to video to the Internet.
Necessary competency for media
PROSUMERS – we all are
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Situational analysis (Radio, tv, newspapers)
Kenya’s media consumers use radio the most,followed by television and newspapers.
•93 % of Kenyans above 15 years listen to radio(Allen & Gagliar, 2011)
•58 % watch television (Bowen, 2010)
•23 % read newspapers (CA, 2010)
•Media users expose themselves to more thanone channel and media per day
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Situational analysis (Mobile phones -Kenya)
By June 2014, 32.2 Million Kenyans weresubscribed to mobile phones and this translatesto 79.2 % penetration rate (CA, June 2014)
The CA quarterly report of April to June 2014,indicated that on average, each subscriber sent71.2 short messages monthly.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Situational analysis (Internet use - Kenya)
In 2014, Kenya registered over 22.3 millioninternet users using fixed fiber optic cable,wireless internet and mobile phones (Mwenda,2014)
These figures demonstrate Kenyans asconsumers as well as producers of mediacontent. Kenyans are truly Media Prosumers
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications
This heavy media usage, exposes the majorityKenyans (not the fourteen million mobile phoneusers only but almost the entire population) tomedia effects.
In Kenya, the use of mobile phones and internetlead to positive and negative dvm’t outcomesand household decisions and choices wereinfluenced by the use of new technologies.(Ndung’u & Waema, 2012)
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications Cont..
In addition, 75 % of Kenya’s population isyouthful in character and readily willing to learn,adopt, and adapt to new technologies (Francis &Githagui, 2005)
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications Cont..
This youthful population accounts for a criticalmass of the people interested in ICTs andavailable to participate in the sector asapplication developers, content creators, andtechnical support when appropriate technicalskills are acquired.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications cont…
These media prosumers should be sufficientlymedia literate otherwise media utilization mayonly benefit the commercial sector and not thegeneral mass that consume this media.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications cont…
Maithya (2009) noted that secondary schoolteachers in Kenya perceived media as a stablingblock in the war against drug abuse among theyouth and that most youth obtained druginformation from TV and social media.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications cont…
Muchiri (2011) indicated that children areexposed to risks in the cyberspace likepornography, cyber gaming, cyberbullying,negative commercial advertising and violence.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications cont…
ihub research report (2012) indicated that hatespeech was growing in online platforms notingthat the greatest number of dangerous speechincidents were comments in response to publicblogs, virtual forums, Facebook posts andtweets on public group discussions with afollowing of 52% identifiable and 39 %anonymous.
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Implications cont…
Media literacy levels among the youthinfluences the uptake and development ofcontemporary cultures (Buckingham, 2003)
Kenya understood the need for adequate levelsof media literacy and documented this in theNational Broadband Strategy (2013)
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
National Broadband Strategy
By Sector Media Literate
2017 Total Population 40%
2017 Primary Schools Population 19%
2017 Secondary Schools Population 58%
2017 TVET Population 60%
2017 TTC Population 100%
2017 University Population 100%
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Challenges of NBS…
Media literacy levels base line survey not carriedout
Strategies to attained desired levels of medialiteracy not set and owned by implementingagencies
Assessing media literacy is complex. It is incommunication field under SymbolicInteractionism
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Assessing Media LiteracyAssessment at Individual, Personal and IndustryIndividual Competencies - Knowledge about media
- User Behaviour
- Understanding media content
Personal – Balanced active use
- Advance/selective use
- Computer & internet content generation
Industry - Media availability
- policy on Media content
- Education on media usage
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Assessing Media Literacy
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Assessing Media Literacy
KENYA INSTITUTE OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Assessing Media LiteracyMIXED METHODS EXPLORATORY STUDY