Assembly

ASSEMBLY REGULATIONS PPR

FOR WATER AND HEATING

Contents Page

1 .Advantages 32. Component marking in EKOPLASTIK system 33. Specification of raw material used in EKOPLASTIK system production 44. Product manufacturing and testing standards 45. EKOPLASTIK system is certified in the following countries 4

1.Basic parameters of internal water distribution systems 42. Basic parameters of heating systems 5

Chart: Operating parameters of PPR piping system -water distribution 6

1 .Design Concept of Heating Systems 52. Calculation of Piping Service Life in Heating Systems 73. An example of determination of a service life of heating piping 7 Graph of Mechanical strenght PPR isothermal lines 84. Heating system modifications applied in respect of piping service life 95. Specific conditions of floor heating 9 - 10

1. General 112. Linear expansion and contraction 12 Graph for read out of change in lenght and compensation 13-15 S amples of calculations of expansion, compensation and compensation with prestress 163.Spacing distances of pipe supports 174. Pipe fixing 185. Pipeline routing 19-226. Linking of pipes into a system 22 7. Insulation 23 8. Pressure test 23-24

Enclosure -Certificate for pressure test 25

1. Tools 262. Tool preparations 263. Material preparations 264. Welding procedures 26-28

1 .Tools 282.Tool preparations 283. Welding procedures 28

I. Utilisation of Ekoplastik System 2II. Warranty Terms and Conditions 2III. Product Range -Basic Information 3IV. Properties of EKOPLASTIK System 3

V. Assumed Media Properties in Piping Systems 4 - 5

VI. Operating Parameters of PPR Piping Systems -Water Distribution 5

VII. Operating Parameters of PPR Piping Systems -Heating 5 -10

VIII. EKOPLASTIK Pipeline Routing -Options 10IX. Assembly regulations 11-24

X. Material Transport and Storage 24XI. Closing Provisions 24-25

XII. XII. Polyfusion Welding -Working Procedures 26-28

XIII. Welding by Electrofitting -Working Procedures 28

XIV. Pressure Loss charts 29-37

1

I. Utilisation of Ekoplastik System

EKOPLASTIK piping systems can be used for distribution systems in housing, administration andcommunity buildings as well as for industrial and agricultural installations.

EKOPLASTIK piping systems are designed for transport of cold and hot water as well as hot-water floor & centrall heating systems.

EKOPLASTIK piping systems can be used also for air distribution installations. In order to take advan-tage of its chemical resistance and other system properties and use of the system for transport of otherliquids, gaseous or solid media an individual assessment of any such case would be needed.

II. Warranty Terms and Conditions

1O-year guarantee is granted for all standard elements of the EKOPLASTIK system.This guarantee is subject to a proper product application and adherence to the following installationmanual. Six-month guarantee is granted for other products.(Standard elements are marked in the Catalogue of products with abbreviation "S").

2

III. Product Range -Basic Information

Pipes and pipe fittings of the EKOPLASTIK system are produced in the following sizes (external pipediameter is shown): 16, 20,25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 75, 90 and 110 mm.The pipe types are produced for various combinations of operating pressure and temperature in sepa-rate pressure lines (of various wall thicknesses):! EKOPLASTIK PPR pipes PN 10 generally for cold water and floor heating

PN 16 generally for hot water and floor heatingPN 20 generally for hot water and central heating

! EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes PN 20 generally used for hot water and central heatingPipe fittings (adapting pipes) are manufactured for all piping types jointly in the highest PN 20 pressurerange and in various design types:! All-plastic pipe fittings (sockets, elbows, T -pieces reduced and full-sized, reductions, blindings,

cross-pieces )! Combined pipe fittings with brass, nickel-coated threads for threaded joints (reducing sleeves with

metal thread, T -pieces, elbows for wall mouting, wall mounting groups with tap connectors, plasticreducing sleeves with cap nut)

! Combined pipe fittings for flanged joints! Plastic valves with brass cock plug (classic and under-plaster types)! Ball valve with a nickel-coated brass ball (classic and under-plaster types)! Special elements (crossovers, compensation pipes, brass components)EKOPLASTIK system is further extended by an offer of our accessories as follows:! Tools (welding and cutting devices, scissors, off-cutters, scrapers, thermometers and assembly jig)! Insulating systems! Fixing clips, metal sleeves, plastic and metal troughs and plugsFor detailed and updated list of components see the Product Catalogue.

IV ProQerties of EKOPLASTIK System

1. Advantages

- System lifetime more than 50 years (subject to proper application)- No health risks- No corrosion or encrustation- Flexibility, low weight, easy and clean installation- Low-noise level, low pressure losses due to friction- Environmentally friendly product (it can be recycled or safely incinerated)

2. Component marking in EKOPLASTIK system

Pipes and pipe fittings are being marked during the manufacturing process to make possible futureidentification in sales network or at customer's place.All elements are marked (at least) in the following way:Pipes: EKOPLASTIK, pressure range, size, manufacturing standard, date of production and code ofmanufacturing line.Pipe fittings: EKOPLASTIK (only abbreviations EK or EKO may be displayed) and size. Separate pipefitting packages are fitted with package plate containing, except the element type marking, also gate ofproduction and releasing inspector identification.On the basis of DIN 8077/1997 requirements applied for piping system manu-facture a. gradual process of changing from PN pressure class marking to SDR coding will start soon: The possibility to identify each element in a system is an important vehicle of Quality control management as well as an evidence for potential settlements of guarantee claims.

3

PN 10 16 20

67,411SDR

PP

3. Specification of raw material used in EKOPLASTIK system productionPipes and pipe fitting supplied in EKOPLASTIK system are manufactured of Type 3 polypropylene. Byits nature, polypropylene is polyolefinic material.Type 3 polypropylene is a random copolymer of propylene (abbreviation = PPR).

PPR - SELECTED TECHNICAL FEATURES

4. Product manufacturing and testing standardsEKOPLASTIK system components are produced according to internal company standard PN 01 which

is in compliance with requirements of the German Standards DIN 8077 and DIN 8078, DIN 16962,DIN 4726 and international standards ISO 3212, ISO 7279.The internal company standard is being continuously updated with further specification items taken overform the newly introduced European (EN) System of Standards.In order to meet quality requirements according to ISO 9002 the following activities are being regularlychecked within the framework of concretely specified procedures:

-characteristics of raw materials entering the manufacturing process;-producUintermediate parameters at individual manufacturing stages;-manufacturing equipment;-parameters of measuring apparatuses,

5. EKOPLASTIK system is certified in the following countries:

The Czech Republic, Austria, Poland, Slovakia, Russia, Croatia, Ukraine, Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania.

V.Assumed Media ProQerties in Piping Systems

1. Basic parameters of internal water distribution systems

The following chart shows basic criteria of pressure class selection -i.e. pressure and temperaturevalues -as they may be present in internal water distribution systems.

* Maximum temperature of drinking water at 20°C has been specified due to hygienic.** Maximum temperature of hot water 57°C is always assumed in DHW distribution systems at theplace of mixing tap and specified as a scalding precaution. A short-term overheating to higher temper-ature levels (70° C) is assumed for hygienic -a liquidation of patogenic mycobacteria and bacteriacausing legionnaire's disease.EKOPLASTIK system can be used for all internal water distribution systems (i.e. cold drinking water,cold industrial water, hot water, circulation systems).

4

mediummax. operating pressure

[bar] max. operating temperature

o[ c]

cold water

DHW (=domestic hot water) 0 -10

0 -10o

up to 20 C *

oup to 60 C **

Specifications

Flow index MF230/5Specific gravityYield point in tensionElongation at max. yield point in tension

E- bend modulus

Notch toughness (CHARPY)

Thermal expansion coefficient (elongation)Thermal conductivity coefficient

unit

g/10 ming/10 cm3

N/mn2

kj/mn2kj/mn2

N/mn2%

m/mKW/mK

PPRVALUE

1,200,090

2415850224,5

-41.5 , 100,22

O23 CO0 C

A 50-year life-time period is assumed for the plastic piping system as long as material, pressure linesare duly selected and system properly installed. The pressure line depends on the hot water heatingsystem and its control and should be therefore specified by the relevant designer.

2. Basic parameters of heating systemsIn procedures of suitability assessment of EKOPLASTIK system elements an entry value of calculationheating water temperature t1 -should be used as the highest temperature occurring in the whole sys-tem. The heating system designer determines this value in accordance with required temperature levelsat media entry to radiators, heat source parameters and expansion vessel types. According to thisvalue, the following heating system types are specified.

Temperature gradients used in common practice are as follows 90/70°C,85/75°C, 80/60°C,75/65°C,70/50°C,70/60°C, exceptionally 92.5/67.5°C, and in low-temperature systems 55/45°C, 45/35°C, 35/25°C.

EKOPLASTIK system can be used for all these options, in particular for the ranges of 75/65°C, 70/50°C,70/60°C and low-temperature systems.

VI. Operating Parameters

of PPR Piping Systems Water DistributionThe operating parameters involve maximum operatng pressure, temperature, service life and relatIons among them.Operating parameters are shown on page 6, where utilisation pattern of pressure line for hot and coldwater distribution systems is also displayed. A safety factor of 1,5 has been employed in the calculations.(Remark: It can be generally assumed that a higher level of pressure line creates a possibility of usinghigher operating pressures at the same temperature and that with an increasing temperature the maximumallowable operating pressure of water in the given pressure line decreases. EKOPLASTIK pipe fittingsare manufactured in PN 20 pressure line).

VII. Operating Parameters

of PPR Piping Systems -Heating

1. Design Concept of Heating Systems

EKOPLASTIK PPR PN 20 and EKOPLASTIK STABI are designed for the use in central heating piping systems.A selection of pipe material is the very decision that form a basic condition of further concept of a centralheating design. The principle of design calculations for such kind of heating system is the same as that oneused for traditional metal piping systems. In a comparison of metal and plastic piping systems the basicdifference is represented by the fact that plastic pipes should not be led freely with an exception of areassuch as mechanical or service floors and similar premises. If this is taken into account already in the designof pipe routes then preconditions necessary for cost-saving and safe design of the whole system are given.Moreover, by respecting the different properties of plastic materials the overall system quality can be evenincreased. A good example of suitable utilisation of plastic pipes is so called "star-type" system. This is, inprinciple, double-piping vertical heating system with a limited number of risers and very long radiatorconnections led inside floor concrete layers.

5

Heating system type Temperature range Utilisation of EKOPLASTIK system

suitable

less suitable

not suitable in the whole range

not suitable

low-temperature hot water system

open hot water system

closed hot water system

high-temperature hot water system

ot < 65 C1

o o65 C<t < 95 C1

ot < 115 C1

o o65 C<t < 115 C1

6

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

95

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

50

1

5

10

25

17,6

16,6

16,1

15,6

15.2

27,8

26,4

25,5

24,7

24,0

35,0

33,2

32,1

31,1

30,3

7,7

7,2

6,9

6,7

6,4

1

5

6,1

4,0

COLD WATER HOT WATER

TEMPEATUREO[ C]

TIMEIN OPERATION

(YEARS)

PRESSURE LINE

PN10 PN16 PN20 STABI

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE OVERPRESSURE

Operating parameters of PPR piping for water-supply systems (according to DIN 8077/1997)

SA

FE

TY

FA

CT

OR

1,5

35,0

33,2

32,1

31,1

30,3

23,8

22,3

21,7

21,1

20,4

30,0

28,1

27,3

26,5

25,7

15,0

14,1

13,7

13,3

12,9

30,0

28,1

27,3

26,5

25,7

20,2

19,0

18,3

17,7

17,3

12,8

12,0

11,6

11,2

10,9

25,5

23,9

23,1

22,3

21,8

25,5

23,9

23,1

22,3

21,8

10.8

10,1

9,8

9,4

9,2

17,1

16,0

15,6

15,0

14,5

21,5

20,2

19,6

18,8

18,3

21,5

20,2

19,6

18,8

18,3

18,39,2

8,5

8,2

8,0

7,7

14,5

13,5

13,1

12,6

12,2

18,3

17,0

16,5

15,9

15,4

17,0

16,5

15,9

15,4

12,2

11,4

11,0

10,5

10,1

15,4

14,3

13,8

13,3

12,7

15,4

14,3

13,8

13,3

12,7

6,5

6,0

5,9

5,1

4,3

10,3

9,5

9,3

8,0

6,7

13,0

11,9

11,7

10,1

8,5

13,0

11,9

11,7

10,1

8,5

5,5

4,8

4,0

3,2

8,6

7,6

6,3

5,1

10,9

9,6

8,0

6,4

10,9

9,6

8,0

6,4

2,5

3,9 7,7

5,0

7,7

5,0

This system is specially designed for the use of plastic distribution systems where the requirement of aminimised number of plastic joints is superior to that one of minimised pipeline lengths. EKOPLASTIC PPRpiping supplied in coils serves ideally to this purpose.Another suitable design option in plastic piping utilisation is a common horizontal system where a pipeline isled in a groove or along building structure in a cover providing mechanichal protection, allowing for expansionproblems, if any and improved visual appearance.

Designed piping systems should be also assessed from the point of view of their service life.

The following data are necessary for such evaluation:o

-maximum temperature of heating water [O C] -pipe wall thickness [mm]-maximum operating pressure [MPa] -safety factor for heating systems-pipe external diameter [mm] -annual heating period [in months]

2. Calculation of Piping Service Life in Heating SystemsIn order to calculate service, a value of life factored stress in the pipe wall should be determinedaccording to the following formula in the first place.

After the factored stress value is calculated using the above formula it should be plotted to the graph onpage 8; stress values are shown on the vertical axis. Then the point of intersection of the factored stressvalue (horizontal line) and maximum water temperature isotherm (slanting line) is established. Then avertical line is drawn from the intersection point to the X-axis (horizontal) which shows time in hours(smaller scale in years). The value of expected minimum (continuous) service life of piping is then readfrom the horizontal axis and employing the ratio of the whole year (12 months) against the relevantheating period (in months) we thus calculate a coefficient for multiplication of the value of expectedminimum (continuous) service life. The resulting value represents a realistic piping service life expectancy,of course, subject to compliance with all other installation and operating conditions and terms as well asall assumptions made in these calculations (such as: operating pressure and temperature).

3. An example of calculation of heating piping service life value

Minimum service of the piping at continuous heating operation (as shown from the graph on page 8 for80°C isotherm) would be then 216,000 hours, i.e. 25 years.The resulting expected service life corrected to yearly heating period then would be as follows:

7

25 years =45 years

12 months

7 months

where is

Dspk

factored stress [Mpa]pipe external diameter [mm]pipe wall thickness [mm]maximum pressure [Mpa]safety coefficient for heating systems

For calculation purposes: 1 Mpa = 10 bars

parameters

input data

values

piping - selected type PN 20(20x3,4mm)

water max. operatingtemperature

max. operating pressure

yearly heating period

safety factor i

o80 C

0,22 Mpa

7 months

2,5

0,22 . (20 - 3,4) . 2,5 = 1,34 Mpa

2 . 3,4v =

p.(D-s). k

2 . s

v =

1 5 10 25 50 100

Years

1 5 10 25 50 100

Years

0,1 1 10 100 1.000 10.000 100.000 1.000.000

25

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

9

8

7

6

55

4

3,5

3

2,5

2

1,5

1

o10 C

o20 C

o30 C

o40 C

o50 C

o60 C

o70 C

o80 C

o90 Co95 Co100 C

o110 C

Mechanical strength PPR isothermal lines

8

4. Heating system modifications applied in respect of piping service life

If the result received in the above procedures is not satisfactory, then the following modifications shouldbe applied1/ to decrease maximum operating pressure -and make new calculations for service life expectancy -t his value is then extended.2/ to decrease maximum operating water temperature -new design calculations should then to be made

for the relevant heating system as, consequently new calculations for service life expectancy -thisshould be extended a great deal under these circumstances.

5. Specific conditions of floor heating

Maximum surface temperatures of walk-on floor layers must be complied with inthe installations of floor heating systems. Low f low rate levels of heating water

-1(approx.0.3 m.s ) are designed for heat transfer in floor heating systems. Pipingpressure is designed according to operating parameters of the whole heating system.Levels of heating water temperature are

determined by a calculation where room type, floor structure and outdoor design temperature for the relevant building locality.Temperature and pressure levels are usually not higher than 45°C, 0.3 MPa respectively. To thesepurposes EKOPLASTIK PPR PN 10 or PN 16 lines are normally used. Heating circuits are laid using pipes delivered in coils. The pipe coils are more suitable for this purpose as no joints are then necessary to be used inside floor structures. Heating pipes are laid to these structures in a spiral shape pattern. Pipe diameters and spacing distances can be calculated. It is also necessary to specify, in the floor heating design, a type of floor heating output control guaranteeing that the requirement of maximum floor surface temperature is followed.In rooms where higher output is required and places where no permanent stay of people is expected (under windows) the heating pipes are laid in a dense pattern and, on the other hand, no pipes are laid in places of permanent furniture placement.There is 100 metre maximum length of a heating coil per one heating circuit.Room sections with more heating circuits must beseparated to allow for expansion (including walk-onlayers ). Floor structures must be, for the same purposes,separated from walls.Individual circuits start and end in a collector. Air bleedingvalve must be placed at the highest point of the wholesystem.Due to cost-saving purposes walk-on layers of floorheating systems should be made of material of the lowestpossible thermal resistance (tiled floor surfaces areusually the most suitable). Piping position and spacingamong pipe central lines should be fixed in the course of installation works -pipes may be fixed to ametal network of thermal insulation system and locked into spacing channels or profiled thermal insulationsystem. Similar procedures are applied if water distribution systems are installed.In the course of laying process the pipe should be carefully reeled off the coil so no torsion load occurs.The pipe is then step-by-step fixed to the backing. A special attention should be paid to the operation offixing the pipe to metal backing grids -no risk of damage in fixing points is permissible. Minimumtemperature suitable for installation works is 15°C.

9

room (purpose)max. surface floor

otemperature [ C]

living unit

bathroom

swimming pool surroundings

26

30

32

cover flashing

expansion tape

floor surface

concretefloor structure

floor slab

thermal insulationshaped slab

PPR piping

Floor heating systems represent an option of very pleasant and effective heating. In order to make fulluse of all the advantages, the heating system must be thoroughly designed and other factors should betaken into consideration as, in a typical case, the floor heating system would be only one of several typesof the overall building's heating system. The issue of floor heating systems is discussed in a greaterdetail in separate design and installation manuals for EKOPLASTIC floor heating systems.

VIII. EKOPLASTIK Pipeline Routing -Options

Routing options for water supply & distribution piping and these used in heating systems are identical (leaving aside specific properties of heating systems as discussed in Chapter V and VII). The majoraspects are formed by the requirements of piping protection, support and compensation of expansioninfluence.It is recommended to lead pipes in interior inside building structures (such as: wall, floor or ceilingstructures) or to cover them. Connections to radiators remaining free should be, for visual appearancereasons, made of metal pipes, e.g. a chromium-coated copper pipe.

Pipes can be led in:! in wall chases! in stack partitions! inside floor/ceiling structures! along walls (freely or inside covers)! in installation shafts and channels! outdoor piping applications should be considered according to concrete conditions

10

11

IX. Assembly regulations

1. GeneralOnly components not damaged or contaminated, either during storage or transport, may be used forinstallation works.

A minimum temperature level for plastic piping installation is, with regard to wel-ding, +5°C. At lower temperatures it is difficult to provide working conditions for highquality pipe joints.

Components of plastic piping systems must be during their transport and installa-tion protected against impact, falling, blow or any other mechanical damage.

Pipe bending should be made at +15 °C. For pipes of diameter range 16+32 mm aminimum bending radius equals to eight diameters (D).

Components must not be exposed to open fire.

Pipeline crossings are made with the use of components specially designed to thisPurpose.

Joining of plastic parts is made by polyfusion welding, or by the use of electric fittingsand butt welding techniques. A high-quality homogeneous joint then results. An exactworking process and appropriate tools must be used in joining procedures. It is notrecommended to weld EKOPLASTIK components together with other manufacturer's

Threaded pipe fitting must be used for screw-type joints. Thread-cutting directly to plas-tic components is not allowed. Threads are sealed with a special Teflon tape or sealingCompounds.

If beyond a combined pipe fitting the line continues in form of metal piping then no wel-ding or brazing is allowed in places close to this point because of potential hazard of heattransfer to the pipe fitting

If elbows for wall mounting or wall mounting groups are to be closed before drainingfittings are fixed (such as during pressure tests, etc.) then plastic pipe closers wouldserve best to this purpose.

12

2. Linear expansion and contraction The difference of temperature during installation and under service conditions, i.e. a medium flowsthrough the system at temperature different to that prevailing during the installation period, results inlinear changes -expansion or contraction.

Oa. is thermal coefficient of expansion [mm/m C],forEKOPLASTIK PPR design purposes -a = 0, 12

for EKOPLASTIK STABI respectively, a= 0,05 L design distance (distance of two neighbouring points in the line) [m]

ODt installation and service temperature difference [ C] Compensation of linear changes KU

L = k. (D . Dl)[mm]s

k material constant, for PPR k=30D pipe outside diameter [mm]DI linear change [mm] calculated from the for-

mula shown above

If pipeline linear changes are not compensated in a suitable way, i.e. if the pipes can not contract andexpand, additional thrust and tensile forces are concentrated in the pipes shortening thus their service life.In polypropylene applications material flexibilityIs used for Iinear compensations. Pipe bends arealso used for these purposes.

PB -fixed pointKU -slip joint SK -circle bend L -design pipe lengthDI -linear change L -compensating length s

L - bend width k

A suitable compensation technique is the onewhere the pipeline is deflected perpendicularlyto the original route and a free compensating length (marked as L ) is left at the normal line. The values

of L compensating length will depend on calculated route extension (shortening), pipe material ands

diameter.

The values of DI -linear change and L compensating length can be also taken from the graphs showns

on pages 13, 14 and 15.

PB

PBKU

L1

L2

Ls2

Ls1

expansion U- bend

PB KU PBKU

PB

LS

L (min.10 D)K

L L

Dl Dl

circle bend

PB PB

SK

KU KU

L

L/ 2

L/ 2

pipe diameter [mm]distances of all fixed

L-points [m]

16

20

25

32

40

8

9

10

12

14

Table of circle bend installation

13

O

100

C

O

90 C O

80 C O

70 C O

60 C O

50 C O

40 C O

30 C O

20 C O

10 C O

0 C

0 10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

10

0 11

0 12

0 13

0 14

0 15

0 16

0 17

0 18

0 19

0

Exp

an

sio

n [m

m]

Lin

ea

r e

xp

an

sio

n E

CO

PL

AS

TIK

PP

R p

ipin

g

1m2m

3m4m

5m6m

7m8m

9m10

m15

m

oTemperature difference [c]

Determination of the value of I

Exp

an

sio

n [m

m]

oTemperature difference [c]

O

100

C

O

90 C O

80 C O

70 C O

60 C O

50 C O

40 C O

30 C O

20 C O

10 C O

0 C

0 5

1015

2025

3035

4045

5055

6065

7075

80

1 m

2 m

3 m

4 m

5 m

6 m

7 m

8 m

9 m

10 m

15 m

14

15

5000

4900

4800

4700

4600

4500

4400

4300

4200

4100

4000

3900

3800

3700

3600

3500

3400

3300

3200

3100

3000

2900

2800

2700

2600

2500

2400

2300

2200

2100

2000

1900

1800

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225

O110mm

O90mm

O75mm

O63mm

O50mm

O40mm

O32mm

O25mm

O20mm

O16mm

I - linear change (expansion in mm)

Ls

- b

en

d r

ea

ch(f

ree

len

gth

in m

m)

Examples given for EKOPLASTIK PPR piping1) Data input:

Solution: Dl= a.L Dt [mm] Dl=0,12.1040=48 mm

2) Data input:

Solution: L =k. ( D. Dl) [mm] L = 30. (40 .48 ) = 1350 mms s

3) Data input

Solution: L = 2 .Dl + 150 [mm] L = 2.48 + 150 =266mmk k

L > 10D 246mm < 10.40 L = 400mmk k

Pipe pre-stressing can be also used for the purposes of linear expansion compensation; thecompensating length may be made shorten in this way. The pre-stressing orientation is opposite to theexpected linear change and its value equals to about one half.

4) Data input:

½solution: L =k . (D .D ) [mm] L = 30. (40 . 24) = 930 mmsp sp

The calculated free length (Ls) is assumed without any sustaining or suspending elements (within this length)obstructing the expansion. The free length (Ls) should not exceed max. spacing distance between supportingelements corresponding to the pipe diameter and media temperature as shown in Chapter IX, Part 3.

16

Parameter Symbol Value unit

linear change

thermal coefficient of expansion

pipe length

operating temperature inside the pipe

temperature at installation

difference between operating and installationtemperature levels

Dl

a

L

tp

tm

Dt

?

0,12

10

60

20

40

mm

omm/mm c

m

ococ

oc


compensating length

PPR material constant

external pipe diameter

linear changes as calculated above Dl

Ls

k

D

?

30

40

48

mm

-

mm

mm


expansion U- bend width




Lk

k

D

?

30

40

48

mm

-

mm

mm


compensating length at pre-stressing




Lsp

k

D

?

30

40

48

mm

-

mm

mm

17

3. Spacing distances of pipe supports

Maximum Distances of pipelineEKOPLASTIK PPR PN 10 (horizontal pipeline)



pipe[mm]

spacing distances in [cm] at temperature of

o20 Co30 C o40 C o50 C o60 C o80 C

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

75 70 70 65 65 55

80 75 70 70 65 60

85 85 85 80 75 70

100 95 95 90 85 75

110 110 105 100 95 85

125 120 115 110 105 90

140 135 130 125 120 105

155 150 145 135 130 115

165 165 155 150 145 125

185 180 175 165 160 140

pipe[mm]


o20 Co30 C o40 C o50 C o60 C o80 C

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

80 75 75 70 70 60

90 80 80 80 70 65

95 95 95 90 80 75

110 105 105 100 95 80

120 120 115 110 105 95

135 130 125 120 115 100

155 150 145 135 130 115

170 165 160 150 145 125

180 180 170 165 160 135

200 195 190 180 175 155

pipe[mm]


o20 C

o30 C o40 C

o50 C

o60 C

o80 C

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

90 85 85 80 80 65

95 90 85 85 80 70

100 100 100 95 90 85

120 115 115 110 100 90

130 130 125 120 115 100

150 180 140 130 125 110

170 160 155 150 140 125

185 180 175 160 155 140

200 200 185 175 150 150

220 215 210 195 190 165

Maximum distances of supports for vertical pipelines should be multiplied with 1,3 factor

EKOPLASTIK STABI pipe

pipe diameter in [mm]

maximum spacing distances in [cm]

16 20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

110 120 145 145 150 155 165 170 190 205

18

4. Pipe fixing

The pipeline route design must respect distribution system material- i.e. its thermal coefficient of expansionin the first place, necessity to allow for expansion, given operating conditions (a combination of pressureand temperature levels) and a type of pipe joints.Fixing of distribution systems is performed so that fixed and slidably mounted points are recognisedwhen expected linear changes of pipes are considered.

Types of pipe fixing techniquesTwo kinds of supports are being recognised from the point of view of pipe fixing:

Fixed points:This is a type of fixing where no allowance for pipe expansion is made, i.e. the pipe can not move alongits axis in the place of support (it can not slide).

-at pipe bend -at pipe branch

-at the place of pipe fitting -by tightly drawn pipe-straps

-by clips between pipe fittings -by fixing at fitting places

Slidably mounted pointsThis is a type of fixing where the pipe is not allowed to move sideways but expansion movements are notrestricted (elongation, contraction).Slidable mounting can be designed as follows:

-by loose pipe-straps -by pipe-straps suspended on hooks

-by laying the pipe freely into a trough -by leading the pipe through insulation systems

19

5. Pipeline routing

Pipes should be installed in a minimum gradient of 0,5 % towards the lowest system points wheresystem emptying by drain faucet or shut off valves with outlet is made possible.

Piping system must be divided into separate parts that can be closed, if necessary. Straight valves and plasticball cocks are used for this purpose. For built in installation the shut off valves or ball cock are used. It isrecommended to test pipe fitting functions (closing/opening) before they are installed.

A wall mounting group with tap connectorsis recommended to be used in a terminationplace where valve mixers are installed.Spacing of tap connectors for the setinstallation should be adjusted to 150, 135or 100 mm. The use of this set helps tocomplete the installation in high quality andquickly, without any inaccuracies. If thedistribution system is terminated by pipeb e n d s t h e n t h e i r f i x e d a n d a c c u r a t epositioning must be ensured. If two wall-mounted bends are installed for dispensing

valve mixers (bath tub, shower and washbasin mixers) their identical height and parallel pipe fitting axismust be observed. No torsion load to wall mounting group with tap connectors may occur as a result ofdispensing mixer installations.It is therefore recommended to mount the elements to assembling plate of on-wall plates which helps tokeep their exact positioning. The assembling plate have installation holes to Install the plates accordingto common spacing sizes of dispensing valve mixers.

Routing of EKOPLASTIK PPR inlet piping

Inlet piping systems are made mainly of 16/20 mm diameters thatare usually led in wall channels. The channel of insulated pipe rout-ing must be free of obstacles and allow for expansion. Beside itsthermal properties the insulation system also protects the pipe againstmechanic damage as well as a layer making piping expansion moreeasy. An insulation system of expanded polystyrene or polyurethane(foam) is recommended. Before the piping system is bricked in thepipes must be thoroughly fixed to the channel (using plastic or metal

pipe-straps or by plastering at some places, etc.).

If water supply / distribution piping systems are installed inside stack partitions then they must be fixedin a suitable way -such as with a system of metal clamps and supporting elements. The systems mustbe insulated and positioned allowing an expansion.

If water supply / distribution piping systems are installed inside floor / ceiling structures then flexible plasticprotective sleeves (made of polyethylene) are used for protection against mechanical damage while airlayer between the sleeve and pipe works as a thermal insulation.

Piping systems freely laid are rarely used for short distances in areas where visual appearance is not apriority (laundry, building's service areas, etc.). Supporting elementsmust be positioned with a necessary care to fix the piping and considera compensation of pipe expansion in connecting sections where thepipes are covered as well as to apply a good insulation system to thepiping. (if, for instance, a cold water pipe is led freely on-wall in aheated areas then a risk of surface condensation will be considerable).Piping systems may be led freely on-wall where there is no risk of mechanical damage while in normal operation.

20

Routing of EKOPLASTIK PPR riser piping

In the case of riser piping it is necessary to consider precisely the lay-out of fixed points and slidingmounts as well as creation of a suitable expansion compensation system.The adjustments for expansion in riser piping systems are provided as follows:

-at riser footing with a slide mounting -at riser head with a slide mounting

If it is necessary to divide the riser into several expansion sections then it can be achieved by placing offixed points. The riser fixed points are always fixed under and over T -pieces at a branch pipe or socketwhich, at the same time, prevents the riser to fall.The pipe expansion must accounted for between these fixed points as follows:

-by a change of riser route -by inserting a loop compensator -by inserting a U-bend

In branching off feeder piping it is necessary to allow for the riser expansion by:

keeping a sufficient distance creating a possibility of branch creating a compensating lengthfrom the wall pass-through point pipe movement in the wall allowing for an expansion

pass-through point at the riser normal line

PB

PB

LSLS

LS

LS

LS

KU KU

LS

LS

21

An example of support layout at the riser.

Routing of horizontal EKOPLASTIK PPR pipingIt is necessary, in horizontal piping systems, to respect precisely expansion conditions and solve howallow for them and lay the pipingcorrectly.The most common routing is ingalvanised metal or plastictroughs, in clamps or in-wallchannels (this one must be kept free).The compensation for expansion is performed, most com-monly, by a change in the rout-ing or by the use of expansionU-bends but a use of a pipe compensation is also possible. The expansion adjustment may be designedboth in perpendicular and parallel plane to the ceiling structures. In the a). option a pipe is insulated (seeChapter IX, Part 7) incl. the through on-the-spot, while in b) option an insulated pipe is laid into the trough.

Routing of EKOPLASTIK STABI inlet pipingOwing to inserted aluminium foils EKOPLASTIK STABI system shows a three times lower expansion,higher rigidity and a better mechanic resistance than EKOPLASTIK PPR piping system. EKOPLASTIKSTABI system can be installed by the same above described technique for the all-plastic systems, i.e.with a conventional adjustments for expansion where the potential of longer support spacing would beused while, at the same time, the expansion and adjustment lengths would be shorter. In the routinginside in-wall channels so called "rigid" assembly can be used which means that the pipe is secured tofixed points so that thermal expansion is transferred to the piping material and does not thus show. Abasic assumption in this case are clamps sufficiently designed and anchored to hold the piping system.

KU KUKU

PB

PB

PB

PBPB

PB

PBPB

KU KU

KU

Usin

g a

U b

en

d

Ch

an

gin

g a

ris

er

rou

te

Inse

rtin

g a

pip

e c

om

pe

nsa

tion

a)

b)

22

EKOPLASTIK STABI inlet piping is suitable in such cases where pipes run along a building structure toseparate dispensing pipe fittings -in this case a greater piping rigidity is utilised. Pipe routing inside floorstructures may be also utilised advantageously -a good shape stability and mechanic resistance can beemployed this way.

6. Linking of pipes into a system

EKOPLASTIK pipes can be coupled by welding or mechanic coupling.Coupling of pipes and pipe fittings is done in the same way with EKOPLASTIK PPR and EKOPLASTIKSTABI piping systems -the pipe fittings are the same. In the case of EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes it isnecessary to remove outer PPR and middle aluminium layers (using special cutters) before the com-mencement of welding works.

WeldingPolyfusion welding, application of electric fittings or butt welding techniques can be used. All the methodsmust be applied accurately according to standard working procedures, using reliable instrumentsparameters of which are checked.

Pipe cuttingPipes can be cut (by a saw or shears) only with a use of well-sharpened tools only. A use of specialshears or plastic pipe cutters is recommended.

Threaded couplings. plastic/metal couplingsPlastic/metal couplings in hot water piping and heating systems contain pressed-in brass nickel-coatedthreads (both external and internal).

If a coupling is not fitted with a hexa- or multigonal piece directly on its metal part, tighteningwrenches with a tape should be used.

W A R N I N G :

For thermal/technical and physical/mechanic reasons the use of plastic threaded couplings is notpermissible in sanitary engineering.Plastic threaded couplings may be used, for instance, in temporary distribution systems.Plastic plugs should be used for closing of elbows for wall mounting and universal wall mounting groupswith tap connectors until dispenser pipe fittings (valves) are installed.Sealing of couplings

Threaded couplings may be sealed with a Teflon tape or special sealant only.

23

7. Insulation While hot water piping systems are insulated against heat losses, the coldwater ones are conversely insulated again heat gains and pipe sweating.From the point of view of drinking water health requirements the insulationof cold water system is important to keep the temperature level thereunder 20 °C as well as keeping hot water at the upper limit (given by thestandard of protection against scalding) -the both cases are concemedwith a bacteria effect reduction. Keeping hot water at the requiredtemperature level together with properly functioning circulation are importantparts of protection against bacteria (such as: Legionella pneumophila)beside some other technical solutions (such as thermal sterilisation).A thickness of insulation layers is determined on the basis of thermalresistance of the insulation system to be used, air humidity in the area of piping system and a differencebetween the room temperature (air) and that one of flowing water.The whole piping system, along its whole route including pipe fittings and valves, must be insulated. It isnecessary to maintain a minimum insulation layer thickness along the both pipe diameter and pipeline route(this means that insulation types that are wrapped over the pipes as cut lengthwise must be, after theinstallation, bonded again into a uniform profile (e.g. using an adhesive, clamps of a sealing tape).

Minimum thermal insulation layer for cold water system -example

Remark: the above thickness values must be re-calculated for other thermal characteristics

If hot water is transferred then it should be taken into the consideration that plastic pipes posses betterthermal insulation properties than metal ones. An application of plastic pipes in such systems maytherefore mean a significant cost-saving solution!In systems of high demand (such as: bathrooms, bathtubs, washing machines, etc.) heat losses inplastic pipes with flowing water are lower by 20 % with metal ones. Another 15 % can be saved by athorough insulation. In systems of small and/or short-time demand where pipes are not heated to oper-ating temperatures regularly only 10% of savings can be expected, however, 20% can be expected atpeak demand, if any, at least.

The insulation layer thickness for hot water systems usually fluctuates in the range of 9 through 15 mmat the value of thermal resistance: 1=0,040 W/mK.

8. Pressure testThe distribution system can be filled with water no sooner than one hour after the last weld was performed.After the system completion a pressure test must be performed under the conditions as follows:

testing pressure: min. 1,5 MPa (15 bar)test commencement: min. 1 hour after bleeding and additional pressurising of the systemtest duration time: 60 minutesmax. pressure drop: 0,02 MPa (0,2 bar)

placing / routing of pipes

freely laid pipes in unheated areas (such as: basement areas)

pipes in crawlways without a hot water line running in parallel

pipes in crawlways with a hot water line running in parallel

independently running underplaster pipes (in channels)

underplaster pipes (in channels) running in parallel with a hot water line

freely laid pipes in heated areas

pipes cast cover with concrete

4mm

9mm

4mm

13mm

4mm

13mm

4mm

insulation layer thickness = 0,040 W/mk

24

Any piping system prepared for this test must be laid according to the design, clean and visible along itswhole length. The system is tested without hydrants and water-meters (flow-meters) and other valves/pipe fittings with an exception of bleeding equipment. Already installed closing valves should be leftopen. Water dispensing pipe fittings may be installed only if they conform with the testing pressure,however, under standard conditions they are usually replaced with plugs. The piping system is filledfrom the lowest point so that all bleeding points are open from the beginning and then being step-by-stepclosed, once water without air bubbles runs out of them. The pipeline length is usually taken accordingto local conditions with a recommended max. length of 100 metres.It is recommended to start with the pressure test 24 hours after the system/pipeline has been filled withwater. The pressure in the water containing pipes should be slowly increased to the testing value. Atminimum the pressure test may be performed one hour after the system has been bled and pressurisedagain. The pressure test lasts 60 minutes and maximum allowable pressure drop is 0,02 MPa. If the valueof pressure drop is higher then leaking spot must be discovered, the relevant defect fixed and anewpressure test performed. A record on the test must be prepared, for instance in a form as shown in theAppendix I. (this record/certificate forms one of documents necessary for warranty claim filing).

X. Material Transport and Storage

The system components must be protected against weather, UV radiationand contamination. The components must be stored at minimum temperature of +5°C.Storerooms of plastic components must be separated from such areas wheresolvents, adhesives, paints or similar products are stored.A minimum one-metre distance between plastic components and radiators~must be maintained when storage areas are moderately heated up to +5°C.Plastic pipes in stock must be supported along their whole lengths or protectedin another suitable way against deflection. Plastic pipe fittings are usually stored in sacks on palettes or freely loaded in boxes, containers, baskets, etc.Maximum storage height of one metre must be respected if plastic pipes arestored in plastic sleeves and/or pipe fittings in plastic sacks. Each ofthe different types of pipes and fittings are stored separately. When dispatching from storage, the oldest stock should be dispatched first.

During their transport it is not allowed to drag pipes over the ground orlorry deck. The components/pipes must not be transported by throwing or letting them falloff the lorry to the ground. If they are transported to/on the site then they must be protected against mechanic damage and stored at the spot on a suitableunderlay where protected against dirt, solvents, direct heat (a contact with a radiator, etc.). The componentsare supplied in protective covers (pipes in polyethylene bags, pipe fittings also in sacks or cardboardboxes) and it is desirable to let them in these as long as possible before the start of installation works (asa protection against dirt).

XI. Closing Provisions

This Installation Manual has been prepared in July 1999 and supersedes the manual issued on February 1998.At Kostelec nad labem on 1 st July, 1999.

+5°C

Max. 1 mm

Appendix No.1

Description of installed system:Place:Building/structure:

Test certificate

Pressure test:

Test started at:....................................................... Test ended at: .............................................Test duration time:................................................. Testing pressure:................................................... MPaPressure after 1 hour:............................................ MPa (test start)Pressure drop during the test:............................... MPa

Piping system installed length:The highest outlet point ................................... m above pressure gauge

For and on behalf of Client:.............................................................................

................ .................................. .......................................................place date stamp & signature

For and on behalf of Supplier: .............................................................................

................ .................................. .......................................................place date stamp & signature

25

Ekoplastik PPR pipe di-ameter[mm]

pipeline length [m]Ekoplastik STABI pipe di-ameter

[mm]pipeline length [m]

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

16

20

25

32

40

50

63

75

90

110

26

XII. Polyfusion Welding -Working Procedures1. Tools

1/ Electric polyfusion welding machine fitted with welding adapters of suitable dimensions, incl. a mov-able feeder cable

2/ Contact thermometer3 Special shears or cutter (i.e. jaw plus cutting wheel), metal hand-saw at a pinch4/ Short blade sharp penknife5/ Textile rag (non-synthetic material only)6/ Spirit or Tangit7/ Pocket, folding rule + marker.8/ Scraper and assembly jig for welding of diameters over 50 mm 9/ Pipe off-cutting scraper, if EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes are to be coupled.

2. Tool preparations

Heating adapters are to be fixed firmly to the welding machine first (this is usually made with screws -depending on the of welding machine type). The welding machine controller is then set up to 250° + 270°Cand connected to power supply. Time necessary to heat the welding machine up will depend on ambientconditions. Once the welding machine is hot the heating adapters are cleaned of impurities left from aprevious use using a rag of non-synthetic textile -otherwise Teflon surfaces might be damaged. The workwith the welding apparatus may start when it is sufficiently hot which should be checked using a LED diodeand contact thermometer. The contact thermometer is used for fine temperature tuning upto 260°C.A proper function of special shears or cutting wheel should be checked by two cuts performed on a pipeassigned to testing purposes. During the trial cutting no depression of outer pipe diameter should result,otherwise the tools must be sharpened again.

3. Material preparations

All the material should be inspected thoroughly before the works start. The components must not displayin any case wall thinning defects, closing elements should be checked for their proper functioning andall the threads with matching pieces for a free motion. Welding sockets and pipe end to be inserted thereshould be cleaned and de-greased. Pipe fittings are then tested by sliding them on the heating plug(which is, of course, cold at this moment) and checked for undesirable loose matching. Wobbling fittingsmust be discarded !!!

4. Welding procedures

1/ A desirable pipe length is measured and cut off. If a metal hand-saw was used then off-cuts must becleaned from the pipe edges. If EKOPLASTIK STABI components are to welded then outer PPRand middle aluminium layers should be removed first (using special cutters) along the whole pipesection to be inserted into the pipe fitting socket. The resulting pipe is then further processed in thesame way as EKOPLASTIK PPR all-plastic pipes are.

2/ It is further recommended to bevel (approx. angle: 30 + 45°) outer edges of pipe ends (the ends tobe heated) by the use of a special cutter or a sharp knife. This procedure is strongly recommendedespecially for pipe diameters over 40 mm. This modification prevents material sweeping when pipeends are inserted into pipe fittings.

3/ If larger diameters are to be welded (40 mm and more) a check of their ovality would be of greatimportance. It would be also necessary to scrape off the top layer of oxides (i.e. 0.1 mm) in thewhole pipe length to be inserted. The oxide layer can influence adversely the weld quality.

4/ The insertion length (of the pipe end to be inserted into a pipe fitting)should marked on the pipe with a felt pen or a marker. In doing this it isnecessary to consider the fact that the pipe end must not be pushed intothe pipe fitting as far as to its dead stop in the pipe fitting socket. About1 mm gap should be preserved for material accumulation so as not toreduce the pipe fitting internal diameter.

5/ It is, furthermore, recommended to mark also the weld position on both the pipe and pipe fitting prevent-ing thus a possibility of a turn of pipe once its is inserted. Installation marks on pipe fittings could servealso to this purpose.

6/ The surfaces to-be- welded should be cleaned and de-greased after the mark-ing was completed. If this step is left out then melted layers can be bondedinadequately! Now the heating-up process may start.

7/ Owing to its thicker wall (needing more time to get heated through) the pipefitting should be slid over the hot plug first and a check for a loose contact ismade again. A pipe fitting that does not match the plug over its whole surfaceshould be discarded because uneven contact (and material heating up) mayresult in low-quality welds. The pipe is slid over the plug next and the sameprocedure is applied as for the pipe fitting.

8/ The both components are heated for the period shown in Table 26, page 32.The heat-up time is measured starting the moment when both the pipe and pipefitting are over the plug in their whole marked lengths. If the sliding operationseems to be difficult a slight component turning (max. 10°) on the plug is admis-sible until they are slid over their whole lengths. No turning is allowed during theheating-up period; this could cause material accumulation in some sections.

9/ After the end of heating-up period both the pipe fitting and pipe are removedand coupled inserting the pipe into the pipe fitting socket in a gentle and uniformpressure for the whole marked length. Again, no turning is allowed. An axisalignment of the both components is then checked.Table 27 on page 32 shows maximum permissible intervals between the com-ponent removal from the plug and assembly of the pipe with the pipe fittingsocket. If these intervals are not followed then melted layers may cool exces-sively creating thus low-quality joint (lack of fusion).Any fresh joint should be fixed for a period of 20 + 30 seconds before its partialcooling takes place, fixing thus the pipe end against sliding it out of the socketunder the welding pressure and/or against a change of position of the pipe end and socket.

The piping system may be filled with water not earlier than one hour after the last weld has been completed.

Recommendation for welding operations involving large diameters:Upto 40 mm diameters pipes may be welded in hand, however, machine welding (or, at least, a use ofwelding jig) is recommended for 50 mm diameters and higher in order to provide necessary thrust forcesand get the pipes correctly aligned.I. Preparation of pipes

-scraping -bevelling

II. Welding

27

-fixing and aligning componentsin jig, then heating-up

-adjustment after heating upperiod

-finished weld after coolingperiod

27

28

D = outer pipe diameter [mm]

XIII. Welding by Electrofitting -Working procedures

1. Tools

1/ Electric welding machine for electric welding of pipes (electrofitting welder).2/ Special shears or cutter3/ Textile rag (non-synthetic material only)4/ Spirit or Tangit Short blade sharp penknife5/ Pocket, folding rule + marker6/ Installation jig to fasten pipe and pipe fitting in right position7/ Scraper and assembly jig for welding of diameters over 50 mm8/ Pipe off-cutting scraper, if EKOPLASTIK STABI pipes are to be coupled.

2. Tool preparations

The welding machine is positioned at the workplace and feeding cable is unreeled. Correct functioningof cutting tools (for details see Chapter Polyfusion Welding)

3. Welding procedures

Pipes are cut by special shears or a cutting wheel. After an inspection of components (pipes and pipefittings) the welding machine is to be prepared.Pipes are treated in required lengths and oxidised layers are removed with a scraper or special agent andexternal pipe surfaces plus internal surfaces of electrofittings are degreased (using spirit or Tangit) afterwards.Then the electrofitting insertion depth is marked. If EKOPLASTIK STABI piping is to be assembled thenouter PPR and middle aluminium layers should be removed first (using special cutters) along the wholepipe section to be inserted into the socket of electrofitting and then the pipe joint is inserted there.Position of the pipe should be fixed in the socket because, due to the volume expansion of heated plasticmaterial, pipe could be pushed out its place.The electrofitting welding machine is then connected to power supply (220V) and it is necessary to waitsome time until the welding machine gets operational. The contacts of electrofitting piece and weldingmachine are then connected. Welding starts after START button is pushed and the welding machineautomatically switches itself off as soon as the weld is completed.A correct process of electric weld-ing is indicated by excessive plas-tic material squeezed out of check-points on external electrofittingsurfaces.

The piping system assembled thisway may be loaded with water notearlier than one hour after the lastweld has been completed.

D [mm]heat-uptime

[s]heat-uptime

[s]D [mm]

16

20

25

32

40

5

5

7

8

12

50

63

75

90

110

18

24

30

40

50

D [mm]time for removaland assembly[s]

16,20,25

32,40,50

63,75,90

110

4

6

8

10

table:1 table:2

29

PRESSURE LOSS TABLES

30

PN 10Owater temperature = 10 c

k=0,01 20x2,5mm 25x2,5mm 32x3,0mm 40x3,7mm 50x4,6mm 63x5,8mm 75x6,9mm 90x8,2mm 110x10mm

Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,0060,0200,0410,0670,0990,1370,1800,2270,2800,3370,4650,6110,7740,9541,1502,3703,9715,9398,266

0,10,10,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,80,91,01,11,62,12,73,2

0,0060,0120,0190,0290,0390,052,0,0650,0800,0970,1330,1750,2220,2730,3290,6741,1241,6752,3223,0643,9004,8265,844

0,10,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2

0,0030,0060,0080,0110,0150,0190,0230,0280,0380,0500,0630,0780,0940,1920,3190,4740,6550,8631,0951,3521,6342,2692,9983,8194,732

0,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,20,3 0,3 0,3 0,40,60,80,91,11,31,51,71,92,32,63,03,4

0,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0090,0130,0170,0220,027 0,032 0,065 0,108 0,160 0,221 0,291 0,3690,4550,549 0,7601,0011,2731,574 1,903 2,262 2,649 3,064 3,507

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,40,50,60,70,81,01,11,21,41,71,92,22,42,62,93,13,4

0,0020,0020,0030,0030,0040,0060.0070,0090,0110,0220,0370,0550,0760,0990126,0,1550,1870,2580,3400,4310,5320,6420,7620.8911,0291,1761,3321,4971,6711,8542,0452,2462,4542,6722,898

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,40,50,50,60,70,80,91,11,21,41,51,71,82,02,12,32,42,62,82,93,13,23,43,5

0,0010,0020,0020,0030,0040,0070,0120,0180,0250,0330,0420,0510,0620,0850,1120,1420,1750,2110,2500,2920,3370,3850,4360,4890,5450,6040,6660,7310,7980,8680,9401,0161,093

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30:30,40,40,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,21,31,31,41,51,61,71,81,92,02,12,22,32,4

0,0010,0010,0020,0030,0050,0080,0110,0140,0180,0220,0270,0370,0490,0620.0760,0920.1080,1260,1460,1660.1880,2110,2350,2600.2870,3140,3430,3730;4040,4360,469

0,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,40,50,50,60,70,70,80,91,01,01,11,21,21,31,41,41,51,61,61,7

0,0010,0020,0030,0050,0060,0080,0090,0110,0150,0200,0260,0310,0380,0450,0520,0600,0690,0780,0870,0970,1070,1180,1290,1410,1530,1660,1790,193

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,80,80,80,90,91,01,01,11,11,2

0,0010,0010,0020,0020,0030,0040,0040,0060,0080,0100,0120,0140,0170,0200,0230,0260,0300,0330,0370,0410,0450,0490,0540,0580,0630,0680,073

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,30,40,40,40,50,50,50,60,60,60,70,70,70,80,8

31


k=0,01 20x2,5mm 25x2,5mm 32x3,0mm 40x3,7mm 50x4,6mm 63x5,8mm 75x6,9mm 90x8,2mm 110x10mm

Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,10,10,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,80,91,01,11,62,12,73,2

0,10,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,6 1,0 1,3 1,6 1,9 2,2 2,5 2,9 3,2

0,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,20,3 0,3 0,3 0,40,60,80,91,11,31,51,71,92,32,63,03,4

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,40,50,60,70,81,01,11,21,41,71,92,22,42,62,93,13,4

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,40,50,50,60,70,80,91,11,21,41,51,71,82,02,12,32,42,62,82,93,13,23,43,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30:30,40,40,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,21,31,31,41,51,61,71,81,92,02,12,22,32,4

0,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,40,50,50,60,70,70,80,91,01,01,11,21,21,31,41,41,51,61,61,7

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,80,80,80,90,91,01,01,11,11,2

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,30,40,40,40,50,50,50,60,60,60,70,70,70,80,8

0,0050,0160;0330,0550,0810,1120,1470,1860;2290,2770,3830,5050,6420,7930,9592,0033,3965,1327,200

0,0050,0090,0160,0230,0320,0420,0530,0650,0790,1090,1430,1820,2240,2710,5610,9431,4171,9782,6283,3654,1885,097

0,0030,0040,0010,0090,0120,0150,0190,0230,0310,0410,0520,064O,0770,1580,2640,3940,5480,7260,9261,1481,3931,9502,5943,3274,147

0,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0110,0140,0180,0220,0260,0530,0890,1320,1830,2420,3070,3800,4600,6420,8511,0871,3511,6421,9612,3062,6773,076

0,0010,0020,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0090,0180,0300,0450,0620,0820,1040,1280,1550,2150.2840.3620,4490,5450,6490,7610,8821,0111,1491,2961,4501,6131,7851,9642,1522,3492,553

0,0010,0020,0020,0020,0030,0060,0100,0150,0210,0270,0340,0420,0510,0700,0930,1180,1460,1770,2100,2460,2840,3250,3690,4160,4640,5160,5700,6260,6860,7470,8110,8780,947

0,0010,0010,0010,0030,0040,0060,0090,0120,0150,0180,0220,0300,0400,0510,0630,0760,0900,1050,1220,1390,1580,1770,1980,2200,2420,2660,2910,3170,3440,3720,401

0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0090,0130,0170,0210,0260,0310,0370,0430,0500,0570,6640,0720,0810,0890,0990,1080,1180,1290,1390,1510,162

0,0010,0010,0010,0020,0020,0030,0030,0050,0060,0080,0100,0120,0140,0160,0190,0220,0240,0270,0310,0340,0370,0410,0450,0480,0530,0570,061

32


k=0,01 16x2,3mm 20x2,8mm 25x3,5mm 32x4,5mm 40x5,6mm 50x6,9mm 63x8,7mm

Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,0250,0830,1700,2820,4180,5760,7560,9581,1801,4221,9672,5883,2854,0564,900

10,182

0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,82,02,9

0,0080,0270,0560,0930,1370,1890,2480,3130,3860,4650,6410,8431,0681,3161,5883,2775,4998,236

0,10,10,20,20,30,40,40,50,60,66,70,91,01,11,21,82,53,1

0,0090,0190,0320,0470,0650;0850,1080,1330,1600,2210,2900,3670,4520,5441,1181,8682,7863,8695,1126,5138,071

0,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,81,21,62,02,42,83,13,5

0,0060,0100,0150,0200,0270,0340,0410,0500,0690,0900,1140,1400,1680,3450,5740,8541,1831,5581,9802,4482,9604,1175,449

0,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,40,40,50,71,61,21,41,71,92,22,42,93,4

0,0030,0050,0070,0090,0120,0140,0170,0230,0310,0390,0480,0580,1180,1960,2900,4010,5280,6690,8260,9971,3821,8242,3222,8743,4804,139

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30.50,60.80,91,11,21,41,51,82,12,52,83,13,4

0,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0100,0130,0160,0190,0400,0660,0970,1340,1760,2230,2750,3320,4590,6040,7670,9481,1451,3601,5911,8392,1042,3852,6822,9953,324

0,10,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,71,92,12,32,52,72,93,13,33,5

0,0020,0020,0030,0030,0040,0050,0060,0130,0220,0320,0450,0580,0740,0910,1100,1520,1990.2530,3110,3760,4460,5210,6010,6860,7770,8730,9741,0801,1901,3061,4271,5531,6831.8191,959

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,91,01,11,21,31,51,61,71,82,02,12,22,32,42,62,72,82,93,1

33



Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,82,02,9

0,10,10,20,20,30,40,40,50,60,66,70,91,01,11,21,82,53,1

0,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,81,21,62,02,42,83,13,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,40,40,50,71,61,21,41,71,92,22,42,93,4

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,50,60,80,91,11,21,41,51,82,12,52,83,13,4

0,10,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,71,92,12,32,52,72,93,13,33,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,91,01,11,21,31,51,61,71,82,02,12,22,32,42,62,72,82,93,1

0,0200,0680,1380,2300,3420,4730,6230,7920,9781,1831,6442,1752,2733,4394,1728,828

0,0070,0220,0450,0750,1120,1540,2030,2570,3170,3820,5300,6980,8881,0991,3302,7854,7317,161

0,0080,0160,0260,0380,0530,0700,0880,1080,1310,1810,2380,3020,3730,4500,9351,5782,3763,3254,4255,6757,073

0,0050,0080,0120,0160,0220,0270,0340,0400,0560,0730,0930,1150;1380,2850,4780,7160,9971,3221,6892,0982,5493,5774,770

0,0030,0040,0060,0070,0090,0110,0140,0190,0256,0320,0390,0470,0960,1610,2400,3340,4410,5620,6960,8431,1781,5652,0042,4943,036 3,629

0,0020,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0110,0130,0160,0320,0540,0800,1100,1460,1850,2290,2770,3850,5100,6500,8070,9801,1681,3721,5921,8282,0792,3452,6272.925

0,0010,0020,0020,0030,0040,0040,0050,0110,0180,0260,0360,0480,0610,0750,0910,1260,1660,2110,2610,3160,3760,4410,5110,5850,6640,7480,8370,9301,0281,1311,2391,3511,4681,5891,7.16

34



Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,82,02,9

0,10,10,20,20,30,40,40,50,60,66,70,91,01,11,21,82,53,1

0,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,81,21,62,02,42,83,13,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,40,40,50,71,61,21,41,71,92,22,42,93,4

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,50,60,80,91,11,21,41,51,82,12,52,83,13,4

0,10,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,71,92,12,32,52,72,93,13,33,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,91,01,11,21,31,51,61,71,82,02,12,22,32,42,62,72,82,93,1

0,0180,0610,1260,2100,3140,4350,5740,7310,9051,0961,5292,0292,5953,2273,9248,388

0.0060,0200,0410,0680,1020,1410,1850,2350,2910,3520,4880,6460,8231,0211,2382,6164,4766,813

0,0070,0140,0240,0350,0480,0630,0800,0990,1200,1660,2180,2780,3440,4160,8701,4782,2363,1444,2005,4046,756

0,0040,0070,0110,0150,0200,0250,0310,0370,0510,0670,0850,1050,1270,2630,4430,6670,9331,2401,5901,9812,4133,4014,554

0,0030,0040,0050,0070,0080,0100,0130,0170,0230,0290,0360,0430,0880,1480,2220,3090,4100,5240,6510,7901,1091,4781,8992,3712,8943,467

0,0020,0020,0030,0030,0040,0060,0080,0100.0120,0140,0290,0490,0730,1020,1340,1710,2120,2570,3590,4770,6100,7590,9241,1041,3001,5111,7381,9802,2382,5112,799

0,0010,0010,0020,0030,0030,0040,0050,0100,0160,0240,0330,0440,0560,0690,0830,1160,1540,1960,2430,2950,3520,4140,4800,5510,6260,7060,7910,8810,9751,0741,1781,2861,3991,5161,638

PN20Owater temperature = 10 C

k=0,01 16,2,7mm 20,3,4mm 25x4,2mm 32x5,4mm 40x6,7mm 50x8,4mm 63x10,5mm 75x12,5mm 90x15mm

Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

110x18,4mm

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,0350,1180,2400,3990,5910,8161,0711,3571,6732,0172,7913,6764,6695,7686,971

14,522

0,10,20,30,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,41,61,8 2,0 2,33,4

0,0120,0410,0840,1400,2070,2860,3750,4750,5850,7040,9731,2791,6222,0002,4144,9948,397

0,10,10,20,30,40,40,50,60,70,70,91,01,21,31,52,22,9

0,0140,0280,0470,0700,0960,1260,1590,1960,2360,3250,4270,5400,6650,8021,6502,7614,1255,7357,585

0,10;10,20,20,30,30,46,40,50,60,60,70,80,91,41,82,32,83,2

0,0040,0090,0150,0220,0300,0390,0500,0610,0739,1010,1330,1680,2060,2490,5100,8491,2641,7522,3112,9393,6354,3996,127

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,40.50,50,60,81,11,41,72,02,32,52,83,4

0,0030,0050,0070,0100,0130,0170,0210,0250,0340,0450,0570,0700,0840,1720,2860,4250,5870,7730,9811,2111,4632,0312,6833,4174,233

0,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,20,30,30,30,4 0,5 0,70.91.1 1,31,41,61,82.22,52,93,2

0,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0090,0120,0160,0200,0240,0290,0600,0990,1470,2030,2670,3380,4170,5030,6960,9171,1651,4411,7422,0702,4232,8033,2083,638

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,50,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,82,12,32,52,83,03,23,5

0,0020,0020,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0100,0190,0320,0480,0660,0870,1100,1350,1630,2250,2960,3750,4630,5590,6630,7750,8941,0221,1581,3011,4521,6101,7761,9492,1312,3192,5152,718

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,91,01.21,31.41,61.71,92,02,22,32,52,62,72,93,03,23,33.5

0,0010,0020,0020,0030,0030,0040,0080,0140,0210,0290,0380,0480,0590,0710,0970,1280,1620,2000,2410,2860,3340,3850,4400,4980,5590,6230,6910,7610,8350,9120,9921,0751,1611,251

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,81,92,02.12,22,32,42,5

0,0010,0010,0010,0020,0040,0060,0090,0120,0160,0200,0250,0300,0410,0540,0680,0830,1010,1190,1390,1600,1830,2070,2320,2590,2860,3160,3460,3770,4100,4440,4800,516

0,00,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,80,80,91,01,11,21,31,31,41,51.61,61,71,8

0,0010,0020,0030,0050,0060,0080,0100,0110,0160,0210,0260,0320,0390,0460,0540;0620,0700,0800,0890,0990,1100,1210,1330,1450,1570,1700,1840,198

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,80,80,90,91,01,01,01,11,11,2

35

36



Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

110x18,4mm

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,10,20,30,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,41,61,8 2,0 2,33,4

0,10,10,20,30,40,40,50,60,70,70,91,01,21,31,52,22,9

0,10;10,20,20,30,30,46,40,50,60,60,70,80,91,41,82,32,83,2

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,40.50,50,60,81,11,41,72,02,32,52,83,4

0,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,20,30,30,30,4 0,5 0,70.91.1 1,31,41,61,82.22,52,93,2

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,50,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,82,12,32,52,83,03,23,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,91,01.21,31.41,61.71,92,02,22,32,52,62,72,93,03,23,33.5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,81,92,02.12,22,32,42,5

0,00,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,80,80,91,01,11,21,31,31,41,51.61,61,71,8

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,80,80,90,91,01,01,01,11,11,2

0,0280,0960,1960,3260,4850,6720,8861,1261,3921,6842,3443,1043,9624,9185,97212,68

0,0100,0340,6900,1140,1690,2340,3080,3900,4820,5820,8071,0651,3561,6792,0334,2737,281

0,0110,0230,0380,0570,0780,1020,1300,1600,1930,2670,3510,4480,5510,6661,3882,3483,5414,9646,616

0,0040,0070,0120,0180,0240,0320,0400,0500,0600,0820,1080,1370,1690,2040,4230,7101,0651,4861,9722,5233,1383,8165,364

0,0020,0040,0060,0080,0110,0140,0170,0200,0280,0370,0460,0570,0690,1410,2360,3530,4910,6490,8?81,0271,2451,7422,3112,9713,102

0,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0100,0130,0160,0200,0240,0490,0810,1210,1680,2210,2810,3480,4210,5870,7780,9941,2351,5011,7912,1062,4452,8093,197

0,0010,0020,0020,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0160,0260,0390,0540,0710,0900,1110,1350,1870,2470,3150,3900,4730,5630,6600,7650,8770,9961,1231,2561,3971,5451,7011,8632,0332,2102,394

0,0010,0010,0020,0020,0030,0030,0070,0110,0170,0230,0310,0390,0480,0580,0800,1060,1350,16r0,2020,2400,2810,3250,3730,4230,4760,5320,5910,6530,7180,7860,8560,9301,0061,086

0,001 0,001 0,001 0,001 0,003 0,005 0,007 0,010 0,013 0,0160,0200,0240,0330,044 0,056 0,069 0,083 0,099 0,116 0,1340,1530,174 0,1950.2180,2420,2670,2930,321 0,3490,3790,4100,442

0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0080,0090,0130,0170,0210,0260,0320;0380,0440,0510,0580,0660,0740;0830,0920,1010,1110,1210,1320,1430,1550,167

37



Q

1/s

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

v

m/s

R

kPa/m

v

m/s

110x18,4mm

0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,100,120,140,160,180,200,300,400,500,600,700,800,901,001,201,401,601,802,002,202,402,602,803,003,203,403,603,804,004,204,404,604,805,00

0,10,20,30,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,41,61,8 2,0 2,33,4

0,10,10,20,30,40,40,50,60,70,70,91,01,21,31,52,22,9

0,10;10,20,20,30,30,46,40,50,60,60,70,80,91,41,82,32,83,2

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,30,30,30,40.50,50,60,81,11,41,72,02,32,52,83,4

0,10,10,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,2 0,20,30,30,30,4 0,5 0,70.91.1 1,31,41,61,82.22,52,93,2

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,50,60,70,80,91,01,21,41,61,82,12,32,52,83,03,23,5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,91,01.21,31.41,61.71,92,02,22,32,52,62,72,93,03,23,33.5

0,10,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,70,80,91,01,11,21,31,41,51,61,71,81,92,02.12,22,32,42,5

0,00,10,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,60,60,70,80,80,91,01,11,21,31,31,41,51.61,61,71,8

0,10,10,10,10,20,20,20,20,30,30,40,40,50,50,60,60,70,70,80,80,90,91,01,01,01,11,11,2

0,0260,0870,1790,2990,4460,6190,8181,0421,2911,5652,1862,9053,7194,6305,63612,09

0,0090,0300,0620,1040,1550,2140,2820,3590,4430,5360,7460,9881,2611,5651,9004,0316,918

0,0100,0210,0350,0510,0710,0940,1190,1460,1770,2450,3230,4120,5100,6171,2962,2063,3464,7126,304

0,0030,0060,0110,0160,0220,0290,0370,0450,0540,0750,0990,1260,1550,1880,3910,6610,9951,3951,8582,3842,9743,6265,121

0,0020,0040,0050,0070,0100,0120,0150,0180,0250,0330,0420,0520,0630,1300,2180,3270,4560,6050,7740,9631,1711,6452,1972,8263,532

0,0020,0030,0030,0040,0050,0060,0090,0120,0150,0180,0220,0450,0750,1110,1550,2050,2610,3240,3920,5490,7300,9361,1661,4211,7002,0032,3312,6823,058

0,0010,0010,0020,0020,0030.0040.0050.0060,0070.0140,0240,0360.0500,0650,0830,1030,1240.1730,2300.2930,3640.4430.5280.6210.7210.8280.9421.0641,1921.3281,4711,6211,7781,9422,1132.292

0,0010,0010,0020,0020,0030,0030,0060,0100,0150,0210,0280,0360,0440,0530,0740,0980,1250,1550,1880!2240,2630,3040,3490,3970,4470,5010,5570,6160,6790,7440,8120,8820,9561,033

0,0010,0010,0010,0010,0030,0040,0060,0090,0120,0150,0180,0220,0310,0400,0510,0640,0770,0920,1070,1240,1420,1620,1820,2040,2260,2500,2750,3010,3280,3560,3860,416

0,0010,0020,0020,0030,0050,0060,0070,0090,0120,0160,0200,0240,0290,0350,0410,0470,0540,0610,0690,0770,0850,0940,1030,1130,1230,1340,1450,156

CHEMICAL RESISTANCE FOR PPR

Ekoplastic s.r.o.K Rudci 848

277 13 Kostelec n/LCzech Republic

Tel.: +420 202 883 111Fax: +420 202 883 110

www.ekoplastik.cze-mail: ekoplastic@ekoplastic .cz

Matter/material

Cider2)Acid of arsine, aqueous solution 2)Acid of arsine, aqueous solution

Barium Hydroxide

Barium Salt

Cotton Oil

Benzaldehyde

Petrol (aliphatic hydrocarbon)

Petrol - benzol mixture

Benzoe acid

Benzol

Benzyl chloride

Benzyl alcohol

Succinic acid

Beeswax

Beer

Hydro cyanic acid

Acetate of lead

Bleaching lye

Tetraethyl lead

Borax

Borate acid

Distillates (all arts)

Bromine water

Bromine, in state of vapour

Bromine liquid

Methyl bromide

Hydro bromide acid, aqueous solution

Calor gas, gaseous

Butadiene, gaseous

Butanol2)Butantriol- (1,2,4)

2)Butylene- (2)-diol- (1.4) 2)Butin- (2)-diol- (1,4)

Butyric acid, aqueous solution

Butyl Esther of acetatic acid

Butene, liquid2)Butyleneglycol, liquid

Butyleneglycol

Butyl glycol

Butyl phenol

Butyl phenol

Butylphalate

Calcium carbonate

Calcium chloride

Calcium hydroxide

Calcium hypochloride

Calcium nitrate

Camphor oil2)Carbolineum

Chlorine, gaseous, dry2)Chlorine, gaseous, humid

Chlorine, gaseous, humid

Chlorine, liquid

Chlorine water

Concentration

%

O

10%

80%

N

N

TC

N

V

O

80%, 20% vol.

N

TC

TC

TC

N

O

O

TC

N

20%

TC

V

N

O

N

Always

TC

TC

48%

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

20%

TC

TC

10%(vol.)

TC

TC

N

TC

TC

N

N

N

V

N

TC

O

TC

0,50%

1%

TC

N

020 C

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*3)!

!

*

!

!

*

*

*

*

*

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*

*

*

*

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!

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*

*

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*

*

*

*

*

!

!

*

*

*

*

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*

*

*

*

*

*

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*

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!

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Don't resist4)!

060 C

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

-

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Don't resist2)*

Don't resist

-

!

*

!

*

*

*

!

-

*2)*

*

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Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

!2)*

Don't resist

!

*

*

-

-

Don't resist

-

!

*

-

-

-

!

*

*

*

-

*

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-

Don't resist

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

0100 C

-

-

!

*

*

-

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

*

-

!2)Don't resist

-

-2)*

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

Don't resist

!

-

-

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

-

-

!

*

*

*

-

-

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-

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-

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Don't resist

Features by temperature




Matter/material

2)Chloral 2)Chloral hydrate

Chloramines2)Chlorinebenzol

Chlorine acetic acid

Chlorine acetic acid

Ethyl chloride

Ethylene chloride

Bleaching lime (melted in water)

Chloroform

Chloric acid, aqueous solution



Chloricsulphonate acid

Hydrogen chloride, dry gaseous2) Hydrogen chloride, humid (salt acid)

Alum carbide

Chromium acid, aqueous solution2)Chromium acid

Citric acid

Croton aldehyde

Kaliumcyanide

Cyclohexane

Cyclohexanole

Cyclohexanone

Dekahydonaphthalene

Dextrin (starch water)

Glucose2)Ethylenediamine

2)Di-n-butyletar

Dibutylphthalate

Dichlorineethylene (1.1 and 1.2)2)Dichlorinebenzol

Dichlorineacetic acid

Dichlorineacetic acid,aqueous solution

Methyl Esther of acetic acid

Diesel oil

Dietanolamine

Diethyl ether

Diglycol acid

Dihexylphthaline2)Diisobutylketone

Diisopropylether

Diisooctylphtalane

Dimethylamine, gaseous

N, N-dimethylformamid2)Dinonylphthalane (DNP)

Dioctylphtalane (DOP)

Diethylenedioxide

Fertilizer salt2)Ferrous chloride and ferric chloride

Natural Gas

Peanut oil

Vinegar (wine vinegar)

Acetic acid, aqueous solution, icy vinegar

Concentration

%

TC

TC

V

TC

V2)85%

TC

TC

Always

TC

1%

10%

20%

TC

TC

TC

N

40%

15/35/50%

M

TC

V

TC

TC

TC

TC

V

20%

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

50%

TC

O

TC

TC

N

TC

TC

TC

TC

100%

TC

TC

TC

TC

N

N

TC

TC

O

TC

020 C

*

!

*

!

*

*

Don't resist

*

*

!

*

*

*

Don't resist

*

*

*4)!

Don't resist

*

*

*

*

*

!3)!

*

*

*

!

*

!

!

!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

!

*

*

*

*3)*

!

*

*

*

*

*

*

060 C

*

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-

-2)*

*

Don't resist2)*

*

Don't resist

!

!

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Don't resist

*

*

*

!

Don't resist

*

-2)*

-

!

Don't resist

Don't resist

*

*

*

Don't resist

!

-

-

-

*

*

!

-

!2)*

!

Don't resist2)Don't resist

!

-

*

!

!

!

*

*

-

*

*

!

0100 C

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

-

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

*

-

-

-

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

*

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Don't resist



Matter/material

Acetic acid, aqueous solution, acetic

flavour

Acetic acid, aqueous solution

Acetic acid anhydride

Acetic acid ethyl Esther

Acetic acid methyl Esther

Alcohol, ethanol2)Alcohol denat. 2% with toluene

2)Ethylbenzol

Ethyl chloride, gaseous

Ethylenchlorinehydrin

Ethylendiamine

Ethylenglycol2)Oxiran, liquid

2)Fat acids (from C) 2)Pine needles oil

2)Fluorine, dry 2)Fluorinesilicic acid,aqueous solution

2)Fluorine hydrogen acid,aqueous solution2)Fluorine hydrogen acid,aqueous solution

Methanal, aqueous solution2)Photo emulsion

2)Developer 2)Setter

Frost proof medium

Fruit squashes

Fructose2)Furfuryl alcohol

2)Fermenter mix

Gelatine2)Tannin extract, plant

2)Tannin acid, aqueous solution

Glucose, aqueous solution

Glycerine2)Glycol acid, aqueous solution

Carbamide2)Ferments

2)Furnace oil

Heptanal

Hexanal2)Hydroquinone

2)Hydroxylamoniosulphate

Isooctane

Isopropanol

Tincture of iodine

Potassium hydroxide

Potassium bromide

Potash

Potassium chromate

Potassium cyanide2)Potassium bichromate

Potassium fluoride

Red and yellow blood salt, hexakyan - K'.

Fe'', Fe'''

Hydrogen potash

Concentration%

50%

Till 40%

TC

TC

TC

TC

9% (vol.)

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

O

TC

32%

40%

70%

40%

O

O

O

O

O

V

TC

C

V

O

10%

20%

TC

30%

N

Always

O

TC

TC

V

12%

TC

TC

O

50%

N

N

N

V

N

N

N

N

020 C

*

*

*3)*

*

*

*

!

Don't resist

*

*

*

Don't resist

*

*

!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*3)*

*

*

*3)-

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

060 C

*

*

-3)!

*

*

-

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Don't resist2)*

*

*

-

!

!

-

*

*

!2)*

*

*

*

*

*

*

!

*

*

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*

*2)! 2)*

-

!3)!

!

-

*3)!

*2)!

*

*2)* 2)* 2)*

*

*

*

*

0100 C

!

-

-

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-

*

-

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Don't resist

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

*

*

-

-2)*

-

-

*

*

-

-

-

-

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-

-

-

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-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-



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*

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2)* 2)*

*

*

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*

*

!

-

*

-

*

*

*

*

!

*

-

*

*

*

*

!

!

*

*

!

*3)*

!

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!

-

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Don't resist

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!

*

*

*

!

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*2)*

-

*2)*

!

*2)*

*

0100 C

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

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-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

-

-

*

-

*

*

-2)*

-

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*

*

-

-

!

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Don't resist

-

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

*

-

*

-

Don't resist

*

-

-

!

-

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*

-

*

Matter/material

Potassium iodide

Potassium nitrate

Potassium perchlorate, aqueous solution

Potassium permanganate

Potassium persulphate

Potassium sulphate2)Silicic acid, aqueous solution

Sodium chloride, kitchen salt

Aquaregia (HCL/HNO )3

Carbon dioxide, gaseous2)Carbonic acid, aqueous solution

2)Coconut alcohol, fat

Coconut oil

Cresol

Cresol

Cupric chloride2)Cuprous cyanide

Cupric nitrate, aqueous solution

Cupric sulphate

Lanolin (of fleece)

Linseed oil2)Coal gas

Air

Magnesiumhydroxidocarbonate2)Bristly ox-tongue salt

Epsom salt

Corn oil2)Machine oil

Sea water2)Molasses

2)Menthol

Methanol (methyl alcohol)

Methanol (methyl alcohol)

Methylsulphuric acid, aqueous solution

Methylsulphuric acid, aqueous solution2)Metoxybutanol

Methylamine, aqueous solution

Methyl bromide2)Methyl chloride, gaseous

Methylenchloride (Dichloromethane)2)Methylethylketone

Milk

Lactic acid

Mineral water

Engine lubricant

Crude oil

Natrium acetate

Sodium benzoate, aqueous solution

Natriumperborate

Bicarbonate, aqueous solution

Natriumchlorate

Sodium chloride, aqueous solution

Sodium dichromate

Sodium hexametaphosphate

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

Concentration%

N

N

10%

N

N

N

Always

M

75% 25%

Always

Always

TC

TC

90%

>90%

N

N

30%

N

O

O

O

TC

N

N

N

TC

TC

O

O

TC

TC

5%

50%

50-100%

TC

32%

TC

TC

TC

TC

O

90%

O

TC

O

N

35%

N

50%

M

2-20%

N

V

N

020 C

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Don't resist

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

!

!

*

*

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Don't resist

!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*



060 C

*

-

-

!

*

*

*

*

*2)*

*

*2)*

*

*

!

!

-

Don't resist

!

!

Don't resist

*3)*

!

*

!

!2)*

!

!

-

*

-

!

!

!

*

-

-

*

-

*

*

*2)!

*

*

*

*3)!

2)Don't resist

Don't resist

*

0100 C

*

-

-2)Don't resist

-

-

*

-

-

-

*

-

-

*

-

-

Don't resist

-

Don't resist

-

-

Don't resist

!

Don't resist

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Don't resist2)Don't resist

Don't resist

-

Matter/material

Sodium hydrogensulphate

Sodium hydrogensulphite

Sodium hypochlorite, aqueous solution

Sodium hypochlorite, aqueous solution

Sodium nitrate

Natrium nitrite

Sodium phosphate

Sodium silicate

Sodium sulphate

Sodium sulphide

Sodium sulphite, aqueous solution

Sodium tetraborate

Sodium thiosulphate

Sodium hydroxide, aqueous solution2)Salts of Nickel

Nitrobenzol2)2-Nitrotoluene

2)Fruit Squash

Octylcresol

Oils and fats (plant and animal)

Oil acids

Oleum (H SO and SO )2 4 3

Olive oil

Oxal acid2)Ozone

Paraffin emulsion

Paraffin oil2)Tetrachloroethylene

Per chlorate acid, aqueous solution

Petrol ether

Petroleum

Volatile oil of peppermint

Phenol, aqueous solution

Phenol, aqueous solution2)Phenol hydrazine

2)Phenolhydraziniumchloride 2)Phosgene, gaseous (Carbonyl chloride)2)Inorganic phosphate

2)Phosphite chloride

Phosphoxidchloride

Acid phosphoric

Propane, gaseous2)Propanol

2)Propargyalcohol, aqueous solution 2)Propylene glycol

Pyridine

Quicksilver

Salts of quicksilver

Castor oil

Ammonia, aqueous solution

Nitric acid, aqueous solution



Salt acid, aqueous solution

Concentration%

N

V

10%

20%

N

N

N

V

N

N

40%

V

N

Till 60%

N

TC

TC

O

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

N

0.5 ppm

O

TC

TC

20%

TC

TC

TC

5%

90%

TC

TC

TC

N

TC

TC

85%

TC

TC

7%

TC

TC

TC

N

TC

N

10%

10-50%

>50%

Till 20%

020 C

*

*

*4)!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

!

*

*

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*

*

*

*

*

!

*3)*

*

*

*

*

!

*

!

*

!

!

*

*

*

*

*

!

*

*

*

*

*

!

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*



060 C2)!

-

-2)* 2)*

Don't resist

*

*

Don't resist

*

*

*

*

*

!

!

*

*

*

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Don't resist

!

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

!

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

Don't resist

*

!

*

-

!

!

-

*

*2)*

!2)*

*

Don't resist

*

*

-

*

*

*

*

0100 C

!

-

-

-

-

Don't resist

*

-

-

-

!

-

*

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

Don't resist

-

Don't resist

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

*

*

*

*

Matter/material

Salt acid, aqueous solution

Oxygen

Lubricants

Sulphur dioxide, gaseous

Sulphur dioxide, liquid, sulphuric acid

Carbon disulphide

Sulphuric acid, aqueous solution



Sulphide, gaseous

Silver nitrate2)Salts of silver

Silicon oil2)Silicon emulsion

Soybean oil2)Spindle oil

Starch

Starch gummi2)Starch syrup

2)Sulphurylchloride

Terebinthine oil2)White spirit

2)Tetrachloroethane

Tetrachloromethane

Tetrahydrofuran

Tetrahydronaphtalene2)Thionylchloride

Thiophene

Toluene2)Transformer oil

Triethanolamine

Trichloroethylene

Trichloroacetic acid, aqueous solution2)Trikresylphosphate

Drinking water

Trioctylphosphate2)Vaseline oil

2)Vinyl acetate

Vinyldenchloride (1, 1-dichloroethylene)

Detergents

Pure water

Hydrogen

Hydrogen peroxide

Wines

Tartaric acid

Xylel (all isomers)2)Salts of zinc

Stannic chloride and stannous chloride2)Sugary syrup

2)Waste gas possibly mixtures of gas with air, which

are including

- fluorine hydrogen

- carbon dioxide

- carbon monoxide

- oxide of nitrogen

Concentration%

20-30%

TC

O

TC

Always

TC

10%

10-80%

80%-TC

TC

N

N

TC

O

TC

TC

Always

V

Always

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

V

TC

50%

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

TC

M

O

TC

30%

O

O

TC

N

N

O

Tracely

Always

Always

Tracely

020 C

*

*

!

*

*

Don't resist

*

*

!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Don't resist

Don't resist

*

!

Don't resist

!

Don't resist

!

*

!

!

*

Don't resist

*

*

*

*

*

*

!

*

*

*

*

*

*3)!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*



060 C

*

*

*

Don't resist

-

*

-

*

!H*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*3)!

-

-2)* 2)*

*

*2)*

*

*

*

*

*

-

*4)!

*

!

*2)*

0100 C

-

-

-

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

-

-

-

-

-

!

Don't resist

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

*

*

-

-

*

-

-

-

-2)*

Matter/material

- hydrochloric acid

- sulphurous acid

- sulphur acid

- sulphur trioxide2)Acetyldehyd

Acetyldehyd, aqueous solution

Acetanhydride

Acetone

Acetophenol

Acrylnitrile2)Adipic acid

Apple acid

Sodium hydroxide

Accumulator acid2)Alum sulphates Me/I/-Me/III

Allyl alcohol2)Chloride of aluminium

Sulphate of aluminium

Formic acid, aqueous solution

Formic acid

Ethanol amine

Ammonia, liquid

Ammonia, gaseous

Ammonia water

Ammonia acetate2)Ammonia carbonate and hydrogen

carbonate

Ammonia-chloride

Ammonia-fluoride

Ammonia-nitrate2)Ammonia-phosphate

Ammonia-sulphate2)Ammonia-sulphide

Amyl acetate

Amyl alcohol

Aniline

Anilinium chloride2)Anise volatile oil

Antimony (III)-chloride, aqueous solution

Apple juice

Concentration%

Always

Always

Always

Tracely

TC

40%

TC

TC

TC

TC

N

V

Till 60%

O

N

96%

N

N

10%

85%

TC

TC

TC

N

N

N

N

V

N

N

N

N

TC

TC

TC

N

TC

90%

O

020 C

*

*

*

Don't resist

!

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

!

*4)!

*

!

*

*

1) For composition of matter/material are using following symbols:A) When isn't signed "vol.", it's concerning a concentration in %, namely M : water solution with a concentration > 10%, V : water solution with a concentration < 10%, N : saturated water solution (by temperature 20 0C), TC: matter/material is at least technical pure, O : usual commercial composition.B) Volume concentration in vol.% is signed especially with "vol.". By lower volume or weight concentration and temperature than it's stated in tables don't come to sinking of resistance of pipeline. 2) These

matter/materials aren't stated in norm ISO/TR 7471.

3) Chemical resistance is evaluated in norm ISO/TR 7471 for existing group unfriendly.

4) Chemical resistance is evaluated in norm ISO/TR 7471 for existing group friendly.

* - it's good resistant! - it's conditionally resistant

Assembly

Documents

ekoplastik system production

system properties

heating system modifications

service life of heating

respect of piping service

hot water

welding procedures

material transport