Aspects of Community PV Systems 4 Design Aspects of Community PV Systems-30-11...GPS Global Positioning System ... Monthly solar radiation for North Pakistan is shown in Figure 2.

Renewable Energy Guidelines

Volume 4

Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund, Islamabad

Design Aspects of Community PV Systems

Copyright © Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund – 2013

Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged and provided a reference copy is being sent to

PPAF and the reproduction is not sold.

For further information: Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund, www.ppaf.org.pk

Note: The information contained within this document has been developed within a specific scope and might be

up‐dated in the future.

The Renewable Energy Guideline Series has been developed by the German‐Pakistan project “Development of

Hydropower and Renewable Energy (HRE) in Khyber‐Pakhtunkhwa”, funded by German Development Bank

(KfW) on behalf of “Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development” (BMZ).

Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF)

Project team:

Mr. Zaffar Pervez Sabri

Senior Group Head, Public Goods and Services

Mr. Kamal Afridi

General Manager, Water, Energy & Climate Change

Mr. Shaukat Ali

Renewable Energy Specialist

Contact address:

1‐Hill View Road, Banigalla, Islamabad

PAKISTAN

E‐mail: [email protected]

Phone: (+92‐51) 261 3935‐50

Name of Consultants:

INTEGRATION

Team:

Dr. Ulrich Frings ‐ Team Leader

Mr. Sher Khan – Deputy Team Leader

www.integration.org

Author: Ulrich Frings

Date: September, 2013

Renewable Energy Guidelines Nov. 2013 i

Volume 4 Community PV Systems

Guidelines & Manuals

Volume 1: Life Cycle Cost Analysis in MHP Planning

Volume 2: Community Contribution Aspects in Rural Power Supply Systems

Volume 3: General Design Criteria on MHPs

Volume 4: Design Aspects of Community PV Systems

Volume 5: Operation & Maintenance Aspects of MHPs

Volume 6: Quality Assurance & Control of Civil Works

Volume 7: Health, Safety & Environmental Aspects in Civil Works

Volume 8: Transmission & Distribution in Rural Power Supply Systems Design ‐ Specification ‐ Installation

Volume 9: Electro‐Mechanical Equipment for MHPs Design ‐ Specification ‐ Installation

Volume 10: Commissioning Guidelines PV ‐ MHP

Volume 11: Micro/Mini Hydropower Design Aspects

Volume 12: Civil Works in Rural Power Supply Systems

ii Renewable Energy Guidelines Nov. 2013


Table of Contents

1 Basic Features ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Cluster ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Demand ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Solar radiation ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Sizing ................................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Supply voltage ..................................................................................................................... 3

2 System Lay-Out .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Modules .............................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Batteries .............................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Wiring .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 House installations .............................................................................................................. 4

3 Annexes ...................................................................................................................................... 6

List of tables Table 1: Recommended appliances per house ..................................................................................... 1 Table 2: Design aspects ......................................................................................................................... 4

List of figures Figure 1: Load schedules – Cluster 1: 5 households .............................................................................. 1 Figure 2: Monthly solar radiation .......................................................................................................... 2 Figure 3: Capacity shortage in August ................................................................................................... 2

Renewable Energy Guidelines Nov. 2013 iii


Acronyms and abbreviations

AC Alternating Current AKRSP Aga Khan Rural Support program ACSR Aluminium Conductor Steel reinforced CDM Clean Development Mechanism CO Community Organizations DC Direct Current EC European Commission ELC Electronic Load Controller E&M Electro‐mechanic FDC Flow Duration Curve GI Galvanized Iron GIZ German Technical Cooperation GOs Government Organization GPS Global Positioning System HDPE High Density Polyethylene H&S Health & Safety hrs hours Hz Hertz (frequency unit) INGOs International Non Governmental Organization KfW German Development Bank kW Kilo Watt kWh Kilo Watt Hour kV Kilo Volt LED Light‐Emitting Diode Lit Liter LSOs Local Support Organizations LT Low Tension MCB Moulded Circuit Breaker MCCB Moulded Case Circuit Breaker MDPE Medium Density Polyethylene MHP Mini/micro Hydropower Plant MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets NGOs Non‐Governmental Organizations O&M Operation and Maintenance PF Power Factor PCD Pitch Circle Diameter PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund POs Partner Organizations (COs) PPIB Private Power Infrastructure Board PURE Productive Use of Renewable Energy PPE Personal Protective Equipment PV Photovoltaics PVC Polyvenylchloride SM Social Mobilizer SRSP Sarhad Rural Support Program RCBO Residual Current Breaker with Overload Protection SSLS Solar Street/home Lighting System Rs. Pakistani Rupees T&D Transmission and Distribution TOP Terms of Partnership V Volt WOs Women Organizations

XLPE Cross‐linked polyethylene

Renewable Energy Guidelines Nov. 2013 1


1 Basic Features

The solar street/home lighting systems (SSLS) are foreseen to supply clusters of houses with basic

electricity for lighting and cooling (fan) purposes. The supply of single houses is not foreseen.

1.1 Cluster

In order to limit design works the supply systems have been grouped into 4 clusters containing 5, 10, 15

and 20 houses. For each group standard designs for all equipment are made available to the POs.

Additional design works per site is thus limited to adjustment of foundation, fencing plan and wiring.

1.2 Demand

Considered appliances are compiled in Annex 1 and summarized in Table 1. A typical daily load schedule

for winter and summer is presented in Figure 1 for a “5‐house” cluster. Power for lighting is required

during early morning and evening. Main consumer is the fan during summer.

Table 1: Recommended appliances per house

Item Amount Total Watt Remarks

Room lighting 2 22 1 bulb of 11 W

Fan 1 75

Street lighting 0.2 4 1 per 5 households

Mobile charging 0.2 1 1 per 5 households

Total 104

Source:PPAF

Figure 1: Load schedules – Cluster 1: 5 households

Daily load Summer Daily load Winter

Source: Annex 1.1

1.3 Solar radiation

Monthly solar radiation for North Pakistan is shown in Figure 2. As expected, radiation is at peak during

summer and at minimum during winter months. An exceptional case is in August where due to the

monsoon rains and the accompanying higher cloudiness the radiation values are comparable lower.

2 Renewable Energy Guidelines Nov. 2013


Figure 2: Monthly solar radiation

Source: HOMER Software

1.4 Sizing

The systems shall provide the demanded basic electricity throughout the year. As mentioned above

critical period will be the month of August where comparable lower radiation meets the annual peak

demand. A typical situation in beginning of August is presented in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Capacity shortage in August

Source: Own calculations; HOMER Simulation Software;

Shortage starts at 2nd of August evening after batteries are discharged to its maximum 70%. During 3rd of

August PV power is just enough to supply the daily demand; battery recharge is marginal. During 4th of

August batteries are partly recharge (part of which is used during the evening and night. Recharge

continues during 5th and 6th of August.

Battery state of charge (%)

Inverter Output (load)

PV Power (Generator)



However, a “zero” capacity shortage would require extraordinary large systems in terms of modules and

batteries which would considerable increase costs which seems not economical feasible, the more that

a high percentage of installed capacity would remain unused for most of the year.

The system sizing is therefore based on an allowable power shortage factor of max. 1% and a peak

reserve of 5.

In order to minimize negative impacts on electricity supply during these days, the POS shall introduce

respective measures to the community. Such measures might include:

Reduction of load during these days (e.g. street lighting, mobile charging)

Load shedding

Reduction of fan hours.

1.5 Supply voltage

The supply voltage depends mainly on the distance from generator to consumer and the related voltage

losses along the line. In addition, appliances are available at 230 V AC, 50 HZ or for 12 V DC voltage,

whereby the latter are more expensive and not always available compared to the AC driven appliances).

Voltage drops as function of diameter of cable and cable length are compiled in Annex 2. Maximum

voltage drop along the distribution line should not exceed 10‐25%. As can be taken from Annex 2 even

for the “5 households” cluster a distance of 40 m would require already 35 mm² cable. The same cross

section would reach only about 10 m in case of the “20 households” cluster. Additional voltage losses

are to expected at loosening cable connections and joints over the years.

Consequently, a 12 V DC supply is only feasible for single house supplies or in extraordinary cases where

houses are located very close together. It is therefore recommended to base the systems on 230 V AC

voltage which ensures:

Sufficient voltage level within the houses to run the appliances

metering with common power meters (if required)

operation of common appliances available at lower cost

Reduced cost for wiring due to lower cable sizes

More buffer against weak and ageing installations with accompanying growing resistivity and related growing voltage losses

Optimization of generator location (distances of up to 100 m from generator to house are possible).

The operation at 220 V AC requires a DC/AC inverter which parallel acts as charge controller for the

batteries. The minimum design requirements are compiled in Table 2.



Table 2: Design aspects

Item Minimum lifetime Others

Battery 7‐8 years Maintenance free, sealed gel solar batteries to minimize requirements on battery storage and to minimize risks of hazards and environmental pollution

Module 20 years Crystalline systems

bulbs 10 Years (20,000 hrs) Energy saving bulbs or LEDs

Street light 10 years LED (15,000 hrs)

Supply voltage 220 V AC

Source: Own compilations; Annex 3

2 System Lay‐Out

The sub‐project comprises of a centralized PV generator including batteries, charge controller and

inverter, the distribution lines to the houses, and the supply of the street lights. Household appliances

are to be purchased by the customers themselves1.

With respect to in‐house appliances basic technical features should be given to the customers and

communities in order to ensure that power demand is kept in the envisaged limits2.

2.1 Modules

Modules will be installed on iron supports which could be local made. The supports are fixed in R/f

concrete strip foundations. A standard lay‐out is shown in Annex 3.1. Close to the module area, a

battery room including all necessary control devices is erected. The entire area should be protected

(fences, walls) in such a way that the modules are prevented against damaging.

2.2 Batteries

Batteries are placed in a battery room. The room should be insulated in such a way that the minimum

and maximum temperatures of the batteries are always (‐20°C – +45°C) and optimal temperatures

(+15°C ‐ +35°C) are met during most of the time.

2.3 Wiring

Wiring should be done by using XLPE 2 core, double insulated (outer and inner shield) Al cable of 0.6 to

1 kV nominal voltage. The diameter depends on the distances from the generator to the houses and

needs to be adjusted to the local conditions. Fixing of cables could be done at walls by using appropriate

tools and at 5‐7 m steel or wooden poles.

2.4 House installations

House installation is not part of the project. However, prior to connection the house installation should

be inspected and certified by the PO in order to ensure minimum safety and quality standards. With

1 Technical specifications and lists of recommended equipment should be provided by the POS to the communities and customers 2 PV systems are very sensitive against overload. Thus, the community should be able and willing to control installed appliances and power consumption



respect to the comparable low demand, installation of meters is not essential. However, MCBS and

RCBOs should be installed in each house for safety purposes.

System sizing

Simulation of power generation and consumption have been conducted for each cluster by using

HOMER Software. The results are compiled in Annex 4 and summarized in Table 3.

The simulation is based on the given summer and winter load schedules (Figure 1 and 2), the solar

radiation figures (Figure 3) and the following parameter:

Operating reserve 5%

Permissible capacity shortage: <1%

Modules:

o Slope: 34.6°

o Ground reflectance: 20%

o Temperature effects considered (based on monthly averages)

o No tracking

Battery:

o Minimum lifetime 7‐8 years

o Discharge limit: 30%

o Stabilized electrolyte (gel or glass mate).

As described above the comparable large systems are required because of the generation/consumption

situation in the month of August and the intention to avoid capacity shortage and resulting unmet load.

As can be taken from Annex 4 the systems are well optimized towards maximum use of generator and

storage capacity. During the critical period of August, the excess power is almost zero while battery

maximum discharge power is at its minimum (30%).



3 Annexes

Annex 1: Appliances ....................................................................................................................... 7 Annex 1.1: Cluster 1 – 5 households ......................................................................................... 7 Annex 1.2: Cluster 2 – 10 households ....................................................................................... 8 Annex 1.3: Cluster 3:‐ 15 households ........................................................................................ 9 Annex 1.4: Cluster 4 – 20 households ..................................................................................... 10

Annex 2: Voltage Drops in Cables ................................................................................................ 11 Annex 2.1: Cluster 1 – 5 households ....................................................................................... 11 Annex 2.2: Cluster 2 – 10 households ..................................................................................... 12 Annex 2.3: Cluster 3 – 15 households ..................................................................................... 13 Annex 2.4: Cluster 4 – 20 households ..................................................................................... 14

Annex 3: Technical specification of main equipment .................................................................... 15

Annex 4:............................................................................................................................................ 18 Annex 4.1: System report – 5 households ............................................................................... 18 Annex 4.2: System report – 10 households ............................................................................. 23 Annex 4.3: System report– 15 households .............................................................................. 28 Annex 4.4: System report– 20 households .............................................................................. 33



Annex 1: Appliances

Annex 1.1: Cluster 1 – 5 households

Daily load summer Daily load winter

Number of Target Houses 5 Nos

S.No Description NosAppliance

s

1Avergage house size

(rooms)2 10

2 Air Cooling Fan 1 5

3 Street Lighting 1 1

4 Mobil Charging facility 1 1

S.No Appliance (DC Power) UnitsWattage

(Watts)

Total

Wattage

Daily

Operation

Hours

Total

Energy

(Wh)

1 Room Lighting (ES) 10 11 110 6 660

3 Street Lights‐(ES) 1 20 20 10 200

4 Air Cooling Fan (AC) 5 75 375 10 3.750

5 Mobile Charger 1 5 5 3 15

Actual Daily Energy Demand 0 0 510 4.625

6 1.388

6.013

The Fudge Factor @ 30% (System Losses for DC power PV system)

Cluster of 5 houses

Rational

1 light per room

A. Data

1 fan Per house

1 street light per cluster of 5

houses

In‐Built Mobile Charger (s)

B‐ Energy Demand

NET Daily Energy Demand (Wh)







s


(rooms)2 20


3 Outside Lighting 1 2



(Watts)

Total

Wattage

Daily

Operation

Hours

Total

Energy

(Wh)

1 Room Lighting (ES) 20 11 220 6 1.320





6 2.775

12.025


Cluster of 5 houses

A. Data

Rational

1 light per room

1 fan Per house


houses

B‐ Energy Demand





Annex 1.3: Cluster 3:‐ 15 households




s


(rooms)2 30





(Watts)

Total

Wattage

Daily

Operation

Hours

Total

Energy

(Wh)

1 Room Lighting (ES) 30 11 330 6 1.980





6 4.158

18.018


Cluster of 5 houses

A. Data

Rational

1 light per room

1 fan Per house


houses

B‐ Energy Demand









s


(rooms)2 40





(Watts)

Total

Wattage

Daily

Operation

Hours

Total

Energy

(Wh)

1 Room Lighting (ES) 40 11 440 6 2.640





6 5.546

24.031


Cluster of 5 houses

A. Data

Rational

1 light per room

1 fan Per house


houses

B‐ Energy Demand

The Fudge Factor @ 30% (System Losses for AC power PV system)




Annex 2: Voltage Drops in Cables


Max Load 500 W

System Voltage 12 V

System Current: 42 A

cable (mm²): 0,75 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance to

house (m)

1 17 13 9 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 0

5 87 66 44 26 16 11 7 4 3 3 2

10 175 131 87 52 33 22 13 8 7 5 4

15 262 197 131 79 49 33 20 12 10 8 6

20 349 262 175 105 66 44 26 16 13 10 7

25 437 328 218 131 82 55 33 20 16 13 9

30 524 393 262 157 98 66 39 25 20 16 11

35 611 459 306 183 115 76 46 29 23 18 13

40 699 524 349 210 131 87 52 33 26 21 15

45 786 590 393 236 147 98 59 37 29 24 17

50 874 655 437 262 164 109 66 41 33 26 19

Calculation of losses in Al cable

Cluster 1: 5 households

Delta u (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Delta u (%)

Voltage drop along cable

0,75 1,0 mm² 1,5 mm² 2,5 mm² 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance in m




Max Load 1020 W

System Voltage 12 V


cable (mm²): 0,75 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance to

house (m)

1 36 27 18 11 7 4 3 2 1 1 1

5 178 134 89 53 33 22 13 8 7 5 4

10 356 267 178 107 67 45 27 17 13 11 8

15 535 401 267 160 100 67 40 25 20 16 11

20 713 535 356 214 134 89 53 33 27 21 15

25 891 668 445 267 167 111 67 42 33 27 19

30 1069 802 535 321 200 134 80 50 40 32 23

35 1247 936 624 374 234 156 94 58 47 37 27

40 1426 1069 713 428 267 178 107 67 53 43 31

45 1604 1203 802 481 301 200 120 75 60 48 34

50 1782 1336 891 535 334 223 134 84 67 53 38



Delta u (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Delta u (%)


1,5 mm² 2,5 mm² 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance in m




Max Load 1525 W

System Voltage 12 V


cable (mm²): 0,75 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance to

house (m)

1 53 40 27 16 10 7 4 2 2 2 1

5 266 200 133 80 50 33 20 12 10 8 6

10 533 400 266 160 100 67 40 25 20 16 11

15 799 599 400 240 150 100 60 37 30 24 17

20 1066 799 533 320 200 133 80 50 40 32 23

25 1332 999 666 400 250 167 100 62 50 40 29

30 1599 1199 799 480 300 200 120 75 60 48 34

35 1865 1399 932 559 350 233 140 87 70 56 40

40 2131 1599 1066 639 400 266 160 100 80 64 46

45 2398 1798 1199 719 450 300 180 112 90 72 51

50 2664 1998 1332 799 500 333 200 125 100 80 57



Delta u (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1 5 10 15 20 25

Delta u (%)


1,5 mm² 2,5 mm² 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance in m




Max Load 2035 W

System Voltage 12 V


cable (mm²): 0,75 1 1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance to

house (m)

1 71 53 36 21 13 9 5 3 3 2 2

5 356 267 178 107 67 44 27 17 13 11 8

10 711 533 356 213 133 89 53 33 27 21 15

15 1067 800 533 320 200 133 80 50 40 32 23

20 1422 1067 711 427 267 178 107 67 53 43 30

25 1778 1333 889 533 333 222 133 83 67 53 38

30 2133 1600 1067 640 400 267 160 100 80 64 46

35 2489 1866 1244 747 467 311 187 117 93 75 53

40 2844 2133 1422 853 533 356 213 133 107 85 61

45 3200 2400 1600 960 600 400 240 150 120 96 69

50 3555 2666 1778 1067 667 444 267 167 133 107 76



Delta u (%)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 5 10 15 20 25

Delta u (%)


1,5 mm² 2,5 mm² 4 6 10 16 20 25 35

distance in m



Annex 3: Technical specification of main equipment

1 Inverter with integrated Charge Controller

Inverter with integrated battery controller for the erection of 1- and 3-phase isolated supply systems. Without transformer including current sensitive residual current monitoring and tripping; including cooling/ventilation concept; single and three-phase feed in including modular extension; including 2 seperate MPP-tracker for seperate strings; multi-cluster operation. High efficiency, intelligent battery management to optimize battery lifetime, calculation of battery load, high overlad capacity; with integrated display and control unit; compatible to offered solar batteries; the inverter must be suitableand fully compatbile to the offered solar modules;

Input (DC)maximum DC output at cosphi = 1max input voltage range 1,000 V

MPP- input voltage range 360 … 800 V

maximum input current 33 / 11 A

nominal output at 230 Vmaximum AC appearent output

Battery Inputmaximum DC output at cosphi = 1rated input voltage 48 VInput voltage range 41 V … 63 Vmax. battery charging current 110 ADC rated charging current 90 ADC rated de-charging current 103 ABattery type gel batterybattery capacity range 100 AH … 10.000 Ah

method of charge controlIUoU-charge with automatic full charge and equalization charge

Oputput (AC)Nominal AC voltage: 3 / N / PE 230 V / 415 VNominal AC voltage range 160 V ….. 280 Vrated power frequency 50 Hzrated power frequency range (adjustable) 45 Hz … 65 HzRated output power at nominal voltage and rated power frequency 25°C / cosphi=1)peak AC power at rated voltage and rated frequency at 25°C for 30 min / 5 min / 3 secrated currentpeak current harmonic factor output voltage <4%cosphi at rated power output -1 … +1

Efficiencymax. efficiency 95%self consumption without load / standby < 26 W / < 4 W

ProtectionAC short circuit yesAC overload yesDC revers polarity protection yesDC fuse yesOvertemperature yesdeep discharge of battery yessurge acc to IEC 60664-1 IIIthermic protection of Inputearth fault monitoring

HRE-01: PV Systems for Community SuppliesTechnical Data

Pos. Technical Specification Purchaser's requirementsBidder's technical

specification



Standards

GeneralIEC 62103; IEC 60521; IEC

60721Conformity CE or equivalent

General DataDimensions (W/H/D) describeWeight describeOperating temperature range -25°C … +60°Cprotection class (IEC 62103) Iprotection class of connection area (IEC 60529) 3K6Climatic category ( IEC 60721) IP54

Featuresmultifunction relay 23-phase systems /parallel connection yes / yesintegrated bypassmulticluster operation yes calculation of charge condition / full / equalization charge yes / yes / yesintegrated soft start yesgenerator support yesbattery temperature sensor yescommunication port, bluetooth yes / yesguarantee > 5 yearscertificates and approvals describebrand name and type name and model name describeassembly describeintegrated graphic display yessuitable for in- and outdoor installation yesDC plug conncetors including DC load breaker yesnumber of parallel strings minimum 5

Accessoires describe

2 Solar ModulesSolar Modules with crystaline solar cells, of high reliability with guaranteed 0/+5Wp peak power classification; with IEC certificate; modul voltage, current and plug connection; connection must fit to the offered Inverters; frame out of anodized aluminium; frame with holow chamber profile and drainage opening; front made of special hardened, high transparent glass, antireflective coated; weather proofed terminal box at the rear; including necessary modul connectors made of flexible copper isolated cables with connectors Electric Datarated power at standard temperature conditionspeak Power (Pmax)peak voltage (Vmax)

peak system voltage (VSmax)

Peak current (Imax)

short curcuit current (ISC)

no load voltage (VOC)

A/°C-diagramtemperature coefficient; voltage (V/°C)temperature coefficient; power (%/°C)nominal cell operation temperature (NOCT)U-I functions at 25°C and other temperatures and radiation

General Data

minimum operational temperature -40°C … +80°C

minimum ambient temperature -40°C … +45°C

Standards

connection terminal DIN VDE 0126-5

Wiring, plug connector EN 50521

Modules generalIEC 61215; IEC 61730;IEC

61701; IEC 61721; EN 50380

CertificatesModules IEC 61215; IEC 61730test report by a certified and licensed laboratory IEC/IEC 17025product certification unit/authority acc. to EN 45011CE conformity (or equal) yes

Guaranteeproduct guarantee 5 years for productoutput guarantee 12 years,; minimum power output (% of nominal power) >90%output guarantee 25 years; minimum power output (in % of nominal power) <80%cost free replacement at installation side in case the minimum output ratings fall short yes

FeaturesBrand, Type, Model describecell dimensions (L / W) describemodul dimensions (L / W / H) describeweigth of Module describeKind of glas describe



3 Support StructuresSupport structures according to attached drawing no1 as support for the offered solar modules

describe

4 OPZV Solar batterymaintenance free sealed lead-acid gel battery; sulphuric acid as electrolyte stabilized as gel; including pole screws with isolated screw head and possibility to measure voltage; including necessary connectors made of flexible isolated copper suitable for maximum voltage and current; including end connectors with protection cover; environmental friendly and full recyclablenominal voltage 2VMinimum capacity: C10, @ T=20°C: 3050Ah; C100, @ T=20°C: 3540 Ah 3050 Ah / 3540 AhMinimum Cycles at 80% / 50% Depth of Discharge (DoD): 1600 / 3000operational temperature (minimum, maximum, optimum)operation characteristic diagramcharge limit voltage including temperature dependancypermissible charge and -discharge currentpermissible discharge depthcharge and discharge efficiencyself discharge in % per monthlow voltage threshhold as function of discharge current

Protectionintegrated Overvoltage yesover current yesshort circuit yesreverse polarity yes

Standards

GeneralIEC 60896-21; IEC 61427 or

similarconformity CE or similar

Guaranteeproduct guarantee 5 years

cost free replacement at installation side in case the minimum output ratings fall shortyes

FeaturesBrand, Type, Model describedimensions (L / W / H) describemodul dimensions (L / W / H) describeweigth describecharacteristics of electrodes; construction, weave alloy describedisplay of battery voltage describe

5 Batterie supportfully isolated steel support suitable for the offered batteries; installation in strings per support; if required in two layers

describe

6 Documentations (for every component)description of component yesconnection plans yesinstallation manual yescommissioning regulations and procedures yesoperation manual yesmaintenance manual yesfailure analysis and proposals for measures to be undertaken yescomplete documentation in English and Urdu langauage 5 hard copies and 2 soft copies

7 After Sales Service

service point in District including description of experience available at service point; services offered; available wear and spare parts

describe



Annex 4:

Annex 4.1: System report – 5 households







Battery maximum discharge power – Inverter Output Power

Excess Power – PV Power Generation

Battery max. discharge power

Inverter Output Power



Battery Charge – Unmet Load

PV Power

Excess Power

Battery State of Charge

Unmet Load



Annex 4.2: System report – 10 households














PV Power

Excess Power


Unmet Load



Annex 4.3: System report– 15 households













PV Power

Excess Power


Unmet load



Annex 4.4: System report– 20 households















Unmet Load

PV Power

Excess Power



Annex 5: Examples for foundations and foundation supports









Annex 6: Recommendation list powerhouse





Annex 7: Note on explosion risks in batttery rooms













Annex 8: Operating instructions for sealed stationary lead acid batteries



Aspects of Community PV Systems 4 Design Aspects of Community PV Systems-30-11...GPS Global Positioning System ... Monthly solar radiation for North Pakistan is shown in Figure 2.

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