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A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D
Manually Lever Operated Hoists
ASME B30.21-2005(Revision of ASME B30.21-1999)
Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,
Jacks, and Slings
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ASME B30.21-2005(Revision of ASME B30.21-1999)
Manually LeverOperated HoistsSafety Standard for Cableways,
Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
A N AM E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D
Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016
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Date of Issuance: July 29, 2005
The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication
in 2008. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.
ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning
interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard.
Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the
Committee Pages athttp://www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued,
and will also be published within the next editionof the
Standard.
ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers.
This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited
as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The
Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced
to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests
have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or
standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that
provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry,
academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.
ASME does not approve, rate, or endorse any item, construction,
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connection with any
items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to
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forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any
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No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an
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without the prior written permission of the publisher.
The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue,
New York, NY 10016-5990
Copyright 2005 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERS
All rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.
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CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vCommittee Roster . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viB30 Series
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . viiiSummary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Chapter 21-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1Section 21-0.1 Scope of B30.21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 1Section 21-0.2 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Section 21-0.3 References . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 21-1 Chain Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 8Section 21-1.1 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Section 21-1.2 Construction . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Section 21-1.3
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 9Section 21-1.4 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 10Section 21-1.5 Maintenance . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Section 21-1.6 Welded Link
Chain Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . .
. 13Section 21-1.7 Roller Chain Inspection, Replacement, and
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Section 21-1.8
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Chapter 21-2 Wire Rope Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 16Section 21-2.1 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Section 21-2.2 Construction . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Section 21-2.3
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 17Section 21-2.4 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 19Section 21-2.5 Maintenance . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Section 21-2.6 Wire Rope
Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 20Section 21-2.7 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Chapter 21-3 Web Strap Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 23Section 21-3.1 Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Section 21-3.2 Construction . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Section 21-3.3
Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 24Section 21-3.4 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 26Section 21-3.5 Maintenance . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Section 21-3.6 Web Strap
Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 27Section 21-3.7 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
iii
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Figures1 Manually Lever Operated Hoist Chain Type . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Manually Lever Operated
Hoist Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 33 Manually Lever Operated Hoist Web Strap . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Manually Lever Operated
Hoist Chain Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 45 Load Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 56 Guide and Load Sprocket-Strap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Load
Controlling Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Overtravel Restraint .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Load Sprockets . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 710 Swivel Type Hook . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Tables1 Minimum Inspection for Lever Operated Hoists Chain . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Minimum Inspection for Lever Operated
Hoists Wire Rope . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Minimum Inspection for
Lever Operated Hoists Web Strap . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
iv
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FOREWORD
This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways,
Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been
developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational
Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America
Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December
1916, when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes,
prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial
Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.
Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks,
and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety
Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel
Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American
Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards
Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute),
Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor
andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane
Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American
Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety
CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the
project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and
Docks, and ASME as sponsors.
In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to
appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for
organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2,
1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members
representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes,
Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2, 1943, was createdfrom the
eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This
document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety
standard.
Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general
interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee,
under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval
FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was
reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January
31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national
organiza-tions.
The format of the previous code was changed so that separate
standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation;
inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe
different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.
In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited
Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the
ASME and accredited by the American National
StandardsInstitute.
This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve
as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal
authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the
equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to
accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory
provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers
of their employees.
In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or
unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may
grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use
ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident
that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To
secure uniform application and interpretation of this
Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to
consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described
in Section III, before rendering decisions on disputed points.
This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30
Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an
American National Standard on February 16, 2005.
Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public
safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors
such as technological advances, new data, and changing
environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that
previous editions were inadequate.
v
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ASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes,
Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the
Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
OFFICERS
P. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler,
Secretary
COMMITTEE PERSONNEL
N. E. Andrew, Northrup Grumman Ship SystemsW. T. Hargrove,
Alternate, Mantech International Corp.R. E. Bluff IV, Gantry
Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston,
Alternate, E.I. DupontA. D. Brown, A.D. Brown, Inc.D. Ritchie,
Alternate, The Construction Safety CouncilT. A. Christensen,
Liberty Mutual Insurance/Alliance of American
InsurersM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D.
Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate,
NACB Group, Inc.S. Cloutier, U.S. Department of LaborJ. P.
Colletti, John P. Colletti & Associates, Inc.R. M. Lovgren,
Alternate, Crane Partner InternationalR. A. Dahlin, Walker
Magnetics GroupJ. W. Downs, Jr., Alternate, Downs Crane and Hoist
CompanyL. D. Demark, International Union of Operating EngineersS.
C. Buck, Alternate, International Union of Operating EngineersD. W.
Eckstine, Eckstine and AssociatesR. J. Edwards, Schwing AmericaR.
H. Fowler, U. S. Department of the Air ForceJ. L. Franks,
ConsultantR. C. Slater, Alternate, McKay International
EngineeringJ. L. Gordon, Acco Chain and Lifting ProductsN. C.
Hargreaves, Terex Corp./Power Crane & Shovel AssociationE. D.
Fidler, Alternate, Grove WorldwideJ. J. Headley, Crane Institute of
AmericaR. M. Parnell, Alternate, Industrial Training
InternationalC. W. Ireland, National OilwellA. J. Egging,
Alternate, National OilwellL. S. Johnson, AMECOE. P. Vliet,
Alternate, Nichols Construction Co.R. M. Kohner, Landmark
Engineering ServicesH. I. Shapiro, Alternate, Specialized Carriers
and Rigging
Association/Howard I. Shapiro & Associates
vi
C. E. Lucas, The Crosby GroupP. A. Boeckman, Alternate, The
Crosby GroupE. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinnon Corp.M. G. Miller,
Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.L. D. Means, Means Engineering
and Consulting/Wire Rope
Technical BoardD. M. Sleightholm, Alternate, Bridon American
Corp.K. J. Miller, Jacobs EngineeringD. W. Smith, Alternate,
Chicago Bridge and Iron CompanyG. L. Owens, Granite Construction,
Inc.J. T. Perkins, Ingersoll-RandH. G. Leidich, Alternate,
Ingersoll-RandJ. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the NavyW. P.
Rollins, Manitowoc Crane GroupM. E. Brunet, Alternate, Manitowoc
Crane GroupJ. W. Rowland III, ConsultantE. E. Rudy, U.S. Department
of the ArmyJ. C. Ryan, BOH Bros. ConstructionA. R. Ruud, Alternate,
Atkinson ConstructionD. Sayenga, Associated Wire Rope FabricatorsD.
J. Bishop, Alternate, Bishop Lifting Products, Inc.G. W. Shields,
Caterpillar, Inc.W. J. Smith, Jr., Maxim Crane WorksR. G. Strain,
Advanced Automation Associates, Inc.J. B. Hamill, Alternate,
Advanced Automation Associates, Inc.A. R. Toth, Morris Material
HandlingB. E. Weir, Jr., Norris Brothers Company, Inc./National
Erectors
AssociationJ. Conant, Alternate, Conant Crane Rental CompanyJ.
D. Wendler, American Society of Mechanical EngineersR. C. Wild,
U.S. Army Corps of EngineersS. G. Testerman, Alternate, U.S. Army
Corps of EngineersD. N. Wolff, National Crane Corp.A. L. Calta,
Alternate, National Crane Corp.P. S. Zorich, RZP International
Ltd.
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HONORARY MEMBERS
J. M Klibert, Lift-All Company, Inc.R. W. Parry, Consultant
B30.21 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNEL
A. R. Toth, Chair, Morris Material HandlingH. G. Leidich,
Ingersoll-Rand
vii
E. K. Marburg, Columbus-McKinnonG. Wolke, Wolks Distributing
Systems
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(05)
SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS,HOOKS,
JACKS, AND SLINGS
B30 STANDARD INTRODUCTION
GENERAL
This Standard is one of a series of safety standardson various
subjects that have been formulated underthe general auspices of the
American National StandardsInstitute. One purpose of the Standard
is to serve as aguide to governmental authorities having
jurisdictionover subjects within the scope of the Standard. It
isexpected, however, that the Standard will find a majorapplication
in industry, serving as a guide to manufac-turers, purchasers, and
users of the equipment.
For the convenience of the user, the Standard has beendivided
into separate volumes.
B30.1 JacksB30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running
Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Run-ning Trolley
Hoist)
B30.3 Construction Tower CranesB30.4 Portal, Tower, and Pedestal
CranesB30.5 Mobile and Locomotive CranesB30.6 DerricksB30.7 Base
Mounted Drum HoistsB30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating DerricksB30.9
SlingsB30.10 HooksB30.11 Monorails and Underhung CranesB30.12
Handling Loads Suspended From RotorcraftB30.13 Storage/Retrieval
(S/R) Machines and Asso-
ciated EquipmentB30.14 Side Boom TractorsB30.15 Mobile Hydraulic
Cranes
Note: B30.15-1973 has been withdrawn. Therevision of B30.15 is
included in thelatest edition of B30.5.
B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung)B30.17 Overhead and Gantry
Cranes (Top Running
Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung Hoist)B30.18 Stacker Cranes
(Top or Under Running
Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or UnderRunning Trolley
Hoist)
B30.19 CablewaysB30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesB30.21
Manually Lever Operated HoistsB30.22 Articulating Boom CranesB30.23
Personnel Lifting Systems
viii
B30.24 Container Cranes1
B30.25 Scrap and Material HandlersB30.26 Rigging HardwareB30.27
Material Placement Systems1
B30.28 Balance-Lifting Units1
If these standards are adopted for governmental use,the
references to other national codes and standards inthe specific
volumes may be changed to refer to thecorresponding regulations of
the governmental author-ities.
The use of cableways, cranes, derricks, hoists, hooks,jacks, and
slings is subject to certain hazards that cannotbe met by
mechanical means but only by the exerciseof intelligence, care, and
common sense. It is thereforeessential to have personnel involved
in the use and oper-ation of equipment who are competent, careful,
physi-cally and mentally qualified, and trained in the
safeoperation of the equipment and the handling of theloads.
Serious hazards are overloading, dropping or slip-ping of the load
caused by improper hitching or slinging,obstructing the free
passage of the load, and using equip-ment for a purpose for which
it was not intended ordesigned.
The Standards Committee fully realizes the impor-tance of proper
design factors, minimum or maximumsizes, and other limiting
dimensions of wire rope orchain and their fastenings, sheaves,
sprockets, drums,and similar equipment covered by the Standard, all
ofwhich are closely connected with safety. Sizes, strengths,and
similar criteria depend on many different factors,often varying
with the installation and uses. These fac-tors depend on the
condition of the equipment or mate-rial; the loads; the
acceleration or speed of the ropes,chains, sheaves, sprockets, or
drums; the type of attach-ments; the number, size, and arrangement
of sheaves orother parts; environmental conditions causing
corrosionor wear; and many variables that must be consideredin each
individual case. The rules given in the Standardmust be interpreted
accordingly, and judgment must beused in determining their
application.
The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criti-cisms of
this Standards requirements and suggestions
1 B30.24, B30.27, and B30.28 are in the developmental stage.
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for its improvement, especially those based on actualexperience
in application of the rules.
Suggestions for changes to the Standard should besubmitted to
the Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME,Three Park Avenue, New
York, NY 10016-5990, andshould be in accordance with the following
format:
(a) Cite the specific paragraph designation of the per-tinent
volume.
(b) Indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,revision,
etc.).
(c) Briefly state the reason and/or evidence for thesuggested
change.
(d) Submit suggested changes to more than one para-graph in the
order that the paragraphs appear in thevolume.
The B30 Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely
manner in accordance with its proce-dures.
SECTION I: SCOPE OF B30 STANDARD
This Standard applies to the construction,
installation,operation, inspection, maintenance, and safe use of
lift-ing equipment used in construction and industrial set-tings.
This includes, but is not limited to: articulating-boom, container,
gantry, mobile, pedestal, portal, towerand stacker cranes;
balance-lifting units; below-the-hooklifting devices; cableways;
derricks; jacks; hoists; hooks;loads suspended from rotorcraft;
material placementsystems; monorails; rigging hardware; and scrap
andmaterial handlers.
This Standard does not apply to track and automotivejacks,
railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboardcranes, shipboard
cargo-handling equipment,well-drilling derricks, skip hoists, mine
hoists, truckbody hoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors,
excavatingequipment, or equipment falling within the scope of
thefollowing Committees: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20,B56, and
B77.
SECTION II: PURPOSE
This Standard is designed to(a) guard against and minimize
injury to workers,
and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,and
property by prescribing safety requirements
(b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-sors, and
others concerned with, or responsible for, itsapplication
(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodiesin the
development, promulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety
directives
ix
SECTION III: INTERPRETATIONS
Upon request, the B30 Committee will render an inter-pretation
of any requirement of the Standard.Interpretations can only be
rendered in response to awritten request sent to the Secretary of
the B30 Commit-tee, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY
10016-5990.
The request for interpretation should be clear andunambiguous.
It is further recommended that theinquirer submit his request
utilizing the followingformat
Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)and provide a
concise description.
Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the pertinentvolume for
which the interpretation is beingrequested.
Question: Phrase the question as a request for an
inter-pretation of a specific requirement suitablefor general
understanding and use, not asa request for approval of a
proprietarydesign or situation. The inquirer may alsoinclude any
plans or drawings that are nec-essary to explain the question;
however,they should not contain any proprietarynames or
information.
Requests that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this
format by the Committee prior to being answered,which could change
the intent of the original request.
ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of anyinterpretation
when or if additional information thatmight affect an
interpretation is available. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an
interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME Committee or
Subcommittee. ASMEdoes not approve, certify, rate, or endorse
anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
SECTION IV: NEW AND EXISTING INSTALLATIONS
(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this volume forthe
purpose of defining new and existing installationsshall be 1 year
after its date of issuance.
(b) New Installations. Construction, installation,inspection,
testing, maintenance, and operation ofequipment manufactured and
facilities constructed afterthe effective date of this volume shall
conform to themandatory requirements of this volume.
(c) Existing Installations. Inspection, testing, mainte-nance,
and operation of equipment manufactured andfacilities constructed
prior to the effective date of thisvolume shall be done, as
applicable, in accordance withthe requirements of this volume.
It is not the intent of this volume to require retrofittingof
existing equipment. However, when an item is beingmodified, its
performance requirement shall be reviewed
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relative to the current volume. If the performance
differssubstantially, the need to meet the current requirementshall
be evaluated by a qualified person selected by theowner (user).
Recommended changes shall be made bythe owner (user) within 1
year.
SECTION V: MANDATORY AND ADVISORY RULES
Mandatory rules of this Standard are characterizedby use of the
word shall. If a provision is of an advisory
x
nature, it is indicated by use of the word should and isa
recommendation to be considered, the advisability ofwhich depends
on the facts in each situation.
SECTION VI: METRIC CONVERSIONS
This Standard contains SI (metric) units as well asU.S.
Customary units. The values stated in U.S. Custom-ary units are to
be regarded as the standard. The SI unitsare a direct (soft)
conversion from the customary units.
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ASME B30.21-2005SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Following approval by the ASME B30 Committee and ASME, and after
public review, ASMEB30.21-2005 was approved by the American
National Standards Institute on February 16, 2005.
ASME B30.21-2005 includes editorial changes, revisions, and
corrections identified by a marginnote, (05).
Page Location Change
viii, x B30 Standard Introduction General, Section I, and
Section VI revised
1 Section 21-0.1 Revised in its entirety
7 Section 21-0.3 References updated
8 Section 21-1 Revised in its entirety
11 Table 1 Revised
16 Chapter 21-2 Revised in its entirety
18 Table 2 Revised
23 Chapter 21-3 Revised in its entirety
25 Table 3 Revised
SPECIAL NOTE:
The interpretations to ASME B30.21 are included in this edition
as a separate section for theusers convenience.
xi
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xii
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(05)
ASME B30.21-2005
MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Chapter 21-0Scope, Definitions, and References
SECTION 21-0.1: SCOPE OF B30.21
Volume B30.21 includes provisions that apply to theconstruction,
installation, operation, inspection, andmaintenance of ratchet and
pawl and friction brake typemanually lever operated chain, wire
rope, and web straphoists used for lifting, pulling, and tensioning
applica-tions. (See Figs. 1 through 3.)
The requirements for a hoist that is used for a specialpurpose,
such as lifting personnel, or drawing both theload and the hoist up
or down the load chain, rope, orweb strap when the hoist is
attached to the load, and aspecially insulated hoist used for
handling energizedelectrical power lines are not included in this
volume.
SECTION 21-0.2: DEFINITIONS
abnormal operating conditions: environmental conditionsthat are
unfavorable, harmful, or detrimental to or forthe operation of a
hoist, such as excessively high or lowambient temperatures,
exposure to weather, corrosivefumes, dust laden or moisture laden
atmospheres, andhazardous locations.
administrative or regulatory authority: governmentalagency or
the employer in the absence of governmentaljurisdiction.
ambient temperature: the temperature of the
atmospheresurrounding the hoist.
appointed: assigned specific responsibilities by theemployer or
the employers representative.
block, load: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bear-ings,
sheaves, sprockets, pins, and frame suspended bythe load chain,
wire rope, or web strap. This shall includeany appurtenances reeved
in the load chain, wire rope,or web strap (see Fig. 4).
brake: a device for retarding and stopping motion of theload
(see load controlling mechanism).
chain, load: the load-bearing chain in a hoist.
chain, roller: a series of alternately assembled roller linksand
pin links in which the pins articulate inside thebushings and the
rollers are free to turn on the bushings.
1
Pins and bushings are press fit in their respective linkplates
(see Fig. 5). Rollerless chain may be provided onsome
equipment.
chain, rollerless: a series of alternately assembled rollerlinks
and pin links in which the pins articulate insidethe bushings with
rollers on the bushings omitted. Pinsand bushings are press fit in
their respective link plates.
chain, welded link: a chain consisting of a series of
inter-woven links formed and welded (see Fig. 5).
designated person: a person selected or assigned by theemployer
or the employers representative as being com-petent to perform
specific duties.
drum: the cylindrical member around which the wirerope or web
strap is wound for lifting and loweringthe load.
exposed: applies to hazardous objects not guarded orisolated
(capable of being contacted inadvertently).
friction brake: see load controlling mechanism.
guide, chain: a means to guide the load chain at the
loadsprocket.
guide, web strap: a means to guide the web strap at theload
sprocket (drum) (see Fig. 6).
guide, wire rope: a means to guide the wire rope at theload
sprocket (drum) [see Fig. 7, sketch (b)].
hazardous (classified) locations: locations where fire
orexplosion hazards may exist. Locations are classifiedaccording to
the properties of the flammable vapors,liquids, gases, or
combustible dust or fibers that maybe present, and the likelihood
that a flammable or com-bustible concentration or quantity is
present (see ANSI/NFPA 70).
headroom (closed height): the distance between the saddleof the
suspension hook and the saddle of the load hookwhen the load block
is in its fully retracted position(upper limit of travel) (see Fig.
4).
hoist, lever operated: a lever operated manual device usedto
lift, lower, or pull a load and to apply or releasetension.
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Fig. 1 Manually Lever Operated Hoist Chain Type
2
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
Fig. 2 Manually Lever Operated Hoist Wire Rope
Fig. 3 Manually Lever Operated Hoist Web Strap
hook latch: a mechanical device to bridge the throat open-ing of
a hook.
lift: the maximum distance through which the load hookcan travel
(see Fig. 4).
lifting devices: devices that are not normally reeved ontothe
hoist chain, wire rope, or web strap, such as grabsand other
supplemental devices used for ease of han-dling certain types of
loads. The weight of these devicesis to be considered part of the
load to be lifted.
load: the total superimposed weight on the load blockor
hook.
load, rated: the maximum load for which a hoist is desig-nated
by the manufacturer.
load controlling mechanism: a mechanism that
functionsautomatically to hold and control the load. In each of
3
the following general types, a reciprocating force mustbe
applied to the hoist lever to lower the load.
friction brake type: an automatic type of brake used forholding
and controlling loads. This unidirectional devicerequires a force
applied to the operating lever to lowerthe load, but does not
impose additional lever pull whenlifting the load [see Fig. 7,
sketch (a)].
ratchet and pawl type: a load controlling mechanismconsisting of
interlocking pawl(s) and ratchet that actto hold the load by
mechanical engagement [see Fig. 7,sketch (b)].
load hook: the hook used to connect the load to the hoist.
normal operating conditions: conditions during which ahoist is
performing functions within the scope of theoriginal design.
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Fig.
4M
anua
llyLe
ver
Ope
rate
dH
oist
Ch
ain
Type
4
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
Fig. 5 Load Chain
Fig. 6 Guide and Load Sprocket-Strap
5
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Fig. 7 Load Controlling Mechanism
operating lever: the lever or handle provided to operatethe
hoist.
overload: any load greater than the rated load.
overtravel restraint: a device used to prevent the slackload
chain from inadvertently being lowered past theload sprocket (see
Fig. 8).
parts (lines): number of lines of chain, wire rope, or webstrap
supporting the load block or hook (see Fig. 4).
pawl: a device for holding the machinery against unde-sired
rotation by engaging a ratchet [see Fig. 7, sketch(b)].
qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-nized
degree in an applicable field, or certificate of pro-fessional
standing, or who, by extensive knowledge,training, and experience,
has successfully demonstratedthe ability to solve or resolve
problems relating to thesubject matter and work.
ratchet: a toothed member for engagement with the pawl[see Fig.
7, sketch (b)].
6
reeving: a system in which the chain, wire rope, or webstrap
travels around sprockets (drums) and sheaves (seeFig. 4).rope:
refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified.service, heavy:
service that involves operation within therated load limit, which
exceeds normal service.service, normal: distributed service that
involves opera-tion with randomly distributed loads within the
ratedload limit, or uniform loads less than 65% of rated loadfor
not more than 15% of the time.service, severe: service that
involves normal or heavy ser-vice with abnormal operating
conditions.shall: this word indicates that the rule is mandatory
andmust be followed.sheave: a grooved wheel or pulley used with a
rope orchain to change direction and point of application of
apulling force.should: this word indicates that the rule is a
recommenda-tion, the advisability of which depends on the facts
ineach situation.
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
Fig. 8 Overtravel Restraint Fig. 9 Load Sprockets
side pull: any force or operating condition that restrictsthe
load block, chain, wire rope, or web strap, and hoistbody from
forming a straight line with the direction ofloading.
sprocket, idler: a freely rotating device that changes
thedirection of the load chain, wire rope, or web strap (seeFig.
4).
sprocket, load: a hoist component that transmits motionto the
load chain, wire rope, or web strap. This compo-nent is sometimes
called the load wheel, load sheave,pocket wheel, chain wheel, or
drum (see Fig. 9).
strap, web: a fabric woven of high tenacity synthetic yarns(see
Fig. 6).
stripper: a device that aids the load chain in leaving theload
sprocket.
unattended: a condition in which the operator of a hoistis not
at the operating lever. If the hoist is within anunobstructed
distance of 26 ft (8.0 m) and within sightof the operator, the
hoist should be considered attended.
7
SECTION 21-0.3: REFERENCES
The following is a list of publications referenced inthis
Standard.1
ASME B29.24M-2002, Roller Load Chains for OverheadHoists
ASME B30.10-1993, HooksASME HST-3M-1991, Performance Standard
for Manu-
ally Lever Operated Chain HoistsPublisher: The American Society
of Mechanical Engi-
neers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY10016; Order
Department: 22 Law Drive, Box 2300,Fairfield, NJ 07007
ANSI/NFPA 70-1993, National Electrical Code1
Publisher: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA),1
Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269
ANSI Z535.4-1991, Product Safety Signs and Labels1
Publisher: National Electrical Manufacturers Associa-tion
(NEMA), 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA22209
1 May also be obtained from the American National
StandardsInstitute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036.
(05)
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(05)
ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Chapter 21-1Chain Type
SECTION 21-1.1: MARKING
21-1.1.1 Rated Load
The rated load of the hoist shall be marked on thehoist or load
block.
21-1.1.2 Controls
Each control actuator of a manually lever operatedhoist shall be
marked to indicate the direction of resul-tant motion.
21-1.1.3 Identification
The hoist shall be marked on a plate or label attachedto the
hoist, or cast, forged, or stamped on the hoistwith manufacturers
identification as follows:
(a) name of manufacturer(b) manufacturers model or serial
number
21-1.1.4 Warnings
Manually lever operated hoists shall have affixed tothe hoist or
load block a label or labels displaying infor-mation concerning
operating procedures. The label orlabels shall be in compliance
with ANSI Z535.4, andshall include cautionary language against
(a) lifting more than the rated load(b) operating the hoist when
it is restricted from form-
ing a straight line with the direction of loading(c) operating
the hoist with a twisted, kinked, or dam-
aged chain(d) operating a damaged or malfunctioning hoist(e)
lifting people(f) lifting loads over people(g) operating a hoist
with lever extension(h) removing or obscuring the warning label
SECTION 21-1.2: CONSTRUCTION
21-1.2.1 Mechanical Design
(a) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed towithstand
all stresses imposed under normal operatingconditions while
handling loads within the rated load.
(b) Load-bearing parts of lever operated hoists, exceptfor
roller load chain, shall be designed so that the staticstress
calculated for the rated load shall not exceed 25%of the average
ultimate material strength. Roller loadchain shall be designed so
that the static stress calculatedfor the rated load shall not
exceed 25% of the minimum
8
ultimate tensile strength. Elements specifically intendedto give
visible warning of severe overload by permanentdeformation while
operating the hoist should bedesigned to show obvious deformation
before failure ofother load suspension parts.
(c) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernizehoist
equipment shall be as authorized only by the origi-nal equipment
manufacturer or qualified person.
(d) The hoist should be designed in accordance withapplicable
hoist design and performance standards.Refer to ASME HST-3M.
21-1.2.2 Load Sprockets
See Fig. 9.(a) Load sprockets shall have pockets or teeth to
allow
engagement of the load chain.(b) Load sprockets shall be
guarded.(c) Provision shall be made to guard against jamming
of the load chain within the hoist mechanism, undernormal
operating conditions.
21-1.2.3 Load Chain
See Fig. 5.(a) Load chain may be either roller or
welded-link
type. Chain shall be pitched (calibrated) so as to passover all
sprockets without binding.
(b) Roller load chain shall comply with ASME B29.24.(c) Welded
link type load chain shall be proof tested
by the chain or hoist manufacturer with a load at
leastequivalent to 112 times the hoists rated load divided bythe
number of chain parts supporting the load.
(d) If a load is supported by more than one part ofload chain,
the tension on the parts shall be equalized.
(e) Welded link type load chain is specific to the equip-ment
addressed in ASME B30.21. Other types of chainshall not be
substituted for the welded link type loadchain used in this
equipment.
(f) Load chain properties do not conform to thoseshown in ASME
B30.9 or ASME B29.1M.
21-1.2.4 Hooks
If hooks are of the swiveling type, they should rotatefreely
(see Fig. 10). Hooks shall be equipped with latchesunless the use
of the latch creates a hazardous condition.When required, a latch
shall be provided to bridge thethroat opening of the hook for the
purpose of retainingslings, chains, etc. under slack conditions
(see ASMEB30.10).
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
Fig. 10 Swivel Type Hook
21-1.2.5 Load Blocks
Means shall be provided to guard against load chainjamming in
the load block under normal operating con-ditions.
21-1.2.6 Load Controlling Mechanism
The hoist shall be equipped with a load controllingmechanism,
which shall perform the following functionsunder normal operating
conditions with test loads upto 125% of rated load.
(a) Stop and hold the load when the lever force isremoved and
the lever stroke is completed.
(b) Provide for incremental movement of the loadwhen lifting or
lowering.
(c) Friction brake mechanism shall have provision foradjustment
where necessary to compensate for wear.
21-1.2.7 Overtravel Restraint
See Fig. 8. Before the load chain can be completelyrun out of
the hoist, it shall be restrained in its fullyextended position.
The restraint shall be such that theunloaded hoist can withstand a
lowering operating leverforce of twice the force required to lift
the rated load,or the hoist with rated load can withstand a
loweringoperating lever force equivalent to the force required
tolift the rated load.
21-1.2.8 Convertible Load Rating
On hoists with a convertible load rating feature, therated load
is converted by changing the number of parts(lines) of load chain
supporting the load (see Fig. 4).This conversion shall be
accomplished as recommended
9
by the manufacturer without the use of additional com-ponents
that are not furnished with the hoist.
21-1.2.9 Lubrication
If lubrication is required, accessible means for lubrica-tion
should be provided.
21-1.2.10 Manual
The manufacturer shall furnish an instruction manualwith each
hoist. The manual shall include informationon the following:
(a) operation(b) inspection and testing(c) lubrication,
maintenance, and repair
SECTION 21-1.3: INSPECTION
21-1.3.1 Inspection Classification
(a) Initial Inspection. Prior to initial use, all new,altered,
or modified hoists shall be inspected by a desig-nated person to
verify compliance with the applicableprovisions of this volume.
(b) Inspection Procedures. Inspection procedures forhoists in
regular service are divided into two generalclassifications based
upon the intervals at which inspec-tion should be performed. The
intervals in turn aredependent upon the nature of the critical
componentsof the hoist and the degree of their exposure to
wear,deterioration, or malfunction. The two general
classifi-cations are herein designated as frequent and
periodic,with respective intervals between inspections as
definedbelow.
(1) Frequent Inspection. Visual examinations by theoperator or
other designated person with records notrequired.
(a) normal service monthly(b) heavy service weekly to monthly(c)
severe service daily to weekly(d) special or infrequent service as
recom-
mended by a qualified person before and after eachoccurrence
(2) Periodic Inspection. Visual inspection by a desig-nated
person who makes records of external conditionsto provide the basis
for a continuing evaluation. Anexternal coded mark on the hoist is
an acceptable identi-fication in lieu of records. (A metal stamp
mark shallnot be made in a highly stressed area.)
(a) normal service yearly.(b) heavy service semiannually. If
external
conditions indicate, disassembly should be done to per-mit
detailed inspection.
(c) severe service quarterly. If external condi-tions indicate,
disassembly should be done to permitdetailed inspection.
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
(d) special or infrequent service as recom-mended by a qualified
person before the first such occur-rence and as directed by the
qualified person for anysubsequent occurrences.
21-1.3.2 Frequent Inspection
See also Table 1.(a) Frequent inspections shall be performed at
inter-
vals defined in para. 21-1.3.1(b)(1) and shall
includeobservations during operation.
(b) A designated person shall determine whether con-ditions
found during the inspection constitute a hazardand whether a more
detailed inspection is required.
(c) The following items shall be inspected:(1) operating
mechanisms for proper operation,
proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as, butnot
limited to, binding noise of the chain, bearing squeal
(2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10, fre-quent
inspection
(3) hook latches, if used, for proper operation(4) load chain in
accordance with para. 21-1.6.1(c)
or 21-1.7.1(c)(5) load chain reeving for compliance with the
rec-
ommendations of the hoist manufacturer or a qualifiedperson
(6) hoist lever for bends, cracks, or other damage(7) damage to
the support for the hoist
21-1.3.3 Periodic Inspection
See also Table 1.(a) Periodic inspections shall be performed at
inter-
vals defined in para. 21-1.3.1(b)(2). These inspectionsmay be
performed with the hoist at its location, and donot require the
hoist to be disassembled.
(b) Covers and other items normally supplied to allowinspection
of components should be opened or removedfor the inspection and
then closed or replaced beforerestoring the hoist to normal
operation unless furthermaintenance is required.
(c) A designated person shall determine whether con-ditions
found during inspection constitute a hazard andwhether disassembly
is required.
(d) The following items shall be inspected:(1) the items listed
in para. 21-1.3.2(2) fasteners for evidence of loosening(3) load
blocks, suspension housings, levers, chain
attachments, clevises, yokes, suspension bolts, shafts,gears,
bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clampingdevices for
evidence of wear, corrosion, cracks, and dis-tortion
(4) hook retaining nuts or collars, and pins; weldsor rivets
used to secure the retaining members for evi-dence of damage
(5) load sprockets or idler sprockets for evidenceof damage and
wear
10
(6) the brake mechanism on friction brake hoistsfor evidence of
worn, glazed, or oil contaminated frictiondisks; worn pawls, cams,
or ratchets; corroded,stretched, or broken pawl springs
(7) supporting structure or trolley, if used, for evi-dence of
damage
(8) labels, required by para. 21-1.1.4, for legibilityand
replacement
(9) end connections of load chains for evidence ofwear,
corrosion, cracks, damage, and distortion includ-ing overtravel
restraints
(10) the hoist and hoist mounting for evidence ofmissing
items
21-1.3.4 Hoists Not in Regular Service
(a) A hoist that has been idle for a period of onemonth or more,
but less than one year, shall be givenan inspection conforming with
the requirements of para.21-1.2.2 before it is placed in
service.
(b) A hoist that has been idle for a period of oneyear shall be
given an inspection conforming with therequirements of para.
21-1.2.3 before it is placed inservice.
SECTION 21-1.4: TESTING
21-1.4.1 Operational Tests
All new hoists shall be tested by the hoist manufac-turer. All
altered or repaired hoists, or hoists that havenot been used within
the preceding 12 months, shall betested before being placed in
service by, or under thedirection of, a designated person to ensure
compliancewith this volume, including the following:
(a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked withthe hoist
suspended in the unloaded state. (Some hoistsmay require a nominal
load or pull on the load hook totest the lowering motion.)
(b) After testing in the unloaded state, a load of atleast 100
lb (46 kg) times the number of load-supportingparts of chain shall
be applied to the hoist in order tocheck proper load control.
21-1.4.2 Load Test
(a) New hoists shall be tested by the manufacturerwith a test
load of at least 125% of the rated load.
(b) A hoist in which load-suspension parts have beenaltered,
replaced, or repaired should be statically ordynamically load
tested.
(1) A qualified person shall determine the need toload test the
hoist.
(2) A written report of the test should be preparedand placed on
file.
(3) The test load shall not be less than 100% of therated load
of the hoist or more than 125% of the ratedload of the hoist unless
otherwise recommended by thehoist manufacturer or a qualified
person.
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
Table 1 Minimum Inspection for Lever Operated Hoists Chain
Normal Service Heavy Service Severe Service
Visual Record Visual Record Visual RecordMonthly Yearly Weekly
to Monthly Semiannually Daily to Weekly Quarterly
Item [Note (1)] [Note (2)] [Note (1)] [Note (3)] [Note (1)]
[Note (3)]
Frequent Inspection (see para.21-1.3.2)
All functional mechanisms formaladjustment and unusualsounds x .
. . x . . . x . . .
Hooks in accordancewith ASME B30.10 x . . . x . . . x . . .
Hook latch operation, if used x . . . x . . . x . . .
Load chain in accordance withpara. 21-1.6.1(c) and21-1.7.1(c) x
. . . x . . . x . . .
Load chain reeving forcompliance with therecommendations of
thehoist manufacturer x . . . x . . . x . . .
Lever for bends, cracks, etc. x . . . x . . . x . . .
Hoist support for damage x . . . x . . . x . . .
Periodic Inspection (see para.21-1.3.3)
Requirements of frequentinspection . . . x . . . x . . . x
Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,or rivets . . . x . . . x . . .
x
Evidence of worn, corroded,cracked, or distorted partssuch as
load blocks,suspension housing, levers,chain attachments,
clevises,yokes, suspension bolts,shafts, gears, bearings,pins,
rollers, and lockingand clamping devices . . . x . . . x . . .
x
Evidence of damage to hookretaining nuts or collars,and pins and
welds or rivetsused to secure the retainingmembers . . . x . . . x
. . . x
11
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Table 1 Minimum Inspection for Lever Operated Hoists Chain
(Contd)
Normal Service Heavy Service Severe Service
Visual Record Visual Record Visual RecordMonthly Yearly Weekly
to Monthly Semiannually Daily to Weekly Quarterly
Item [Note (1)] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (3)] [Note (1)]
[Note (3)]
Evidence of damage orexcessive wear of loadsprockets or idler
sprockets . . . x . . x . . . x
Evidence of worn, glazed, oroil contaminated frictiondisks; worn
pawls, cams, orratchet; corroded, stretched,or broken pawl springs
inbrake mechanism . . . x . . . x . . . x
Label or labels required bypara. 21-1.1.4 . . . x . . . x . . .
x
End connections of loadchain, including overtravelrestraints . .
. x . . . x . . . x
NOTES:(1) By operators or other designated personnel with
records not required.(2) Visual inspection by a designated person
making records of conditions to provide the basis for a
continuing
evaluation.(3) As in Note (2) unless conditions indicate that
disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(4) The replacement of load chain is specificallyexcluded from
this load test; however, an operationaltest of the hoist should be
made in accordance withpara. 21-1.4.1(b) prior to placing the hoist
back in service.
(c) Test anchorages or suspensions shall be approvedby a
qualified person.
SECTION 21-1.5: MAINTENANCE
21-1.5.1 Preventive Maintenance
(a) A preventive maintenance program should beestablished and
should be:
(1) based on the recommendations outlined in thehoist
manufacturers manual
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applica-tion of the
hoist, when required
(b) Replacement parts shall be at least equal to theoriginal
manufacturers specifications.
21-1.5.2 Adjustments, Repairs, and Replacements
(a) Conditions disclosed by the inspections per-formed in
accordance with the requirements of Section21-1.2 that are
determined to be a hazard during contin-ued operation shall be
corrected by adjustment, repair,or replacement before continuing
the use of the hoist.
(b) Adjustments, repairs, and replacements shall beperformed by
a designated person.
12
(c) Components shall be adjusted or repaired asneeded. The
following are examples:
(1) operating mechanisms(2) brakes and pawls
(d) Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed.The
following are examples:
(1) excessively worn braking components such asfriction disks,
ratchets, pawls, and pawl springs
(2) critical parts, including load suspension compo-nents, that
are cracked, broken, bent, or excessively worn
(3) bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged levers(4) worn,
corroded, or otherwise damaged load
chain in accordance with paras. 21-1.5.1 and 21-1.6.1(5) replace
hooks showing conditions described in
ASME B30.10. Repairs by welding or reshaping are
notpermitted
(6) missing or illegible warning labels(7) items that are
determined to be missing
21-1.5.3 Lubrication
All moving parts of the hoist for which lubrication isspecified
should be regularly lubricated. Care should betaken to follow
manufacturers recommendations out-lined in the hoist manufacturers
manual as to pointsand frequency of lubrication, and quantity and
types oflubricant to be used.
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
SECTION 21-1.6: WELDED LINK CHAININSPECTION, REPLACEMENT,AND
MAINTENANCE
21-1.6.1 Welded Link Chain Inspection
(a) Test the hoist under load in lifting and loweringdirections
and observe the operation of the chain andsprockets. The chain
should feed smoothly into andaway from the sprockets.
(b) If the chain binds, jumps, or is noisy, first see thatit is
clean and properly lubricated. If the trouble persists,inspect the
chain and mating parts for wear, distortion,or other damage.
(c) Examine visually for gouges, nicks, weld spatter,corrosion,
and distorted links. Slacken the chain andmove the adjacent links
to one side to inspect for wearat the contact points. If wear is
observed or if stretchingis suspected, the chain should be measured
accordingto the hoist manufacturers instructions. If
instructionsare not available, proceed as follows.
(1) Select an unworn, unstretched length of thechain (e.g., at
the slack end).
(2) Suspend the chain vertically under tension and,using a
caliper-type gage, measure the outside lengthof any convenient
number of links approximately 12 in.(305 mm) to 24 in. (610 mm)
overall.
(3) Measure the same number of links in the usedsections and
calculate the percentage increase in length.
21-1.6.2 Welded Link Chain Replacement
(a) If the used chain exceeds the hoist manufacturersrecommended
length (or in the absence of such recom-mendation, if the used
chain is 212% longer than theunused chain), replace the chain.
Repairing of load chainby welding or any other means shall not be
attemptedby anyone other than the chain manufacturer.
(b) The existence of gouges, nicks, corrosion, weldspatter, or
distorted links is sufficient reason for ques-tioning chain safety
and considering chain replacement.Safety in this respect depends
largely upon the use ofgood judgment by an appointed or designated
personin evaluating the degree of deficiency.
(c) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade,and
construction as the original chain furnished by thehoist
manufacturer, unless otherwise recommended bythe hoist manufacturer
due to actual working conditions.
(d) Load chain links that pass over the hoist loadsprocket on
edge (as opposed to those that lie flat in thepockets) shall be
installed with the welds away fromthe center of the sprocket. This
precaution is not requiredon idler sprockets that change the
direction but not thetension in the chain.
(e) The chain shall be installed without any twistbetween the
hoist and an anchored end on either theload side or slack side.
13
(f) When chain is replaced, inspect the mating parts(sprockets,
guides, stripper) for wear and replace, if nec-essary.
(g) Load chain, discarded or new, shall not be usedfor
slings.
21-1.6.3 Welded Link Chain Maintenance
(a) Load chain should be kept clean and free fromany coating or
deposit that will build up and changethe dimensions of the load
chain or reduce flexibility.The cleaning process shall not damage
the chain, andany solution used in the cleaning process shall
beacid-free.
(b) Load chain should be lubricated as specified bythe hoist
manufacturer or by a qualified person.
SECTION 21-1.7: ROLLER CHAIN INSPECTION,REPLACEMENT,
ANDMAINTENANCE
21-1.7.1 Roller Chain Inspection
(a) Test the hoist under load in lifting and loweringdirections
and observe the operation of the chain andsprockets. The chain
should feed smoothly into andaway from the sprockets.
(b) If the chain binds, jumps, or is noisy, first see thatit is
clean and properly lubricated. If the trouble persists,inspect the
chain in accordance with paras. 21-1.7.1(c)and 21-1.7.1(d) and
inspect mating parts for wear distor-tion or other damage.
(c) Examine visually for gouges, nicks, weld splatter,corrosion,
and distortion.
(d) Roller chain should first be inspected while it is inthe
hoist. With the hoist suspended in normal position,apply a light
load of approximately 100 lb (46 kg).
(1) Check chain for elongation following the hoistmanufacturer s
instruction. In absence of specificinstructions, the chain can be
checked by determiningthe normal pitch and measuring a 12 in. (305
mm) sectionof chain that normally travels over the load
sprocket.Using a caliper-type gage, check the dimension from
theedge of one chain pin to the corresponding edge ofanother pin
for the number of pitches per foot. If elonga-tion exceeds 14 in.
(6.3 mm) in 12 in. (305 mm) the chainshall be replaced. For
example, a 34 in.(19 mm) pitch chain should measure 12 in. (305
mm)over 16 pitches. Chain shall be rejected if measurementover 16
pitches exceeds 1214 in. (311 mm).
(2) Check chain for twist. The chain shall bereplaced if the
twist in any 5 ft (1.52 m) section exceeds15 deg.
(3) Check for straightness in plane perpendicularto plane of
rollers. A chain that has a bow exceeding 14in. (6.3 mm) in any 5
ft (1.52 m) section shall be replaced.
(e) Additional inspection of the chain should be madeby removing
chain from hoist and cleaning it thoroughly
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
in an acid-free solvent. A check should then be madefor any of
the following deficiencies:
(1) pins turned from their original position(2) rollers that do
not run freely with light finger
pressure(3) joints that cannot be flexed by easy hand
pressure(4) side plates that are spread open (a visual check
of the pin head extension at the damaged area, as com-pared to
the pin extension at the free end of the chain,can determine the
amount of spread and the conditionof the chain)
(5) corrosion, pitting, or discoloration of chain(generally
indicative of serious impairment)
(6) gouges, nicks, or weld spatter
21-1.7.2 Roller Chain Replacement
(a) Roller chain shall be replaced if any of the condi-tions
exist as stated in paras. 21-1.6.1(c) and 21-1.6.1(d).
(b) Repairing of roller chain by welding or heatingshall not be
attempted.
(c) The existence of any of the conditions stated inpara.
21-1.7.1(d) is reason to question chain safety andfor a designated
person to give consideration for replace-ment. Roller chains are
subject to hidden wear and dete-rioration that must be
considered.
(d) Replacement chain shall be the same size, grade,and
construction as the original chain furnished by thehoist
manufacturer unless otherwise recommended bythe hoist manufacturer
due to actual working conditions.
(e) When chain is replaced, disassemble and inspectthe mating
parts (sprockets, guides, stripper) for wearand replace, if
necessary.
(f) When chain is replaced, it should be reeved in
therecommended manner and should operate freely overall load and
idler sprockets. All connecting links andchain end fastenings
should be inspected and properlysecured. Hoist manufacturers
recommendations shouldbe followed on the selection and installation
of connect-ing links.
(g) Roller chains, discarded or new, shall not be usedfor
slings.
21-1.7.3 Roller Chain Maintenance
(a) Roller chains should be kept clean and free fromrust.
Excessively dirty chains should be soaked in a cleanacid-free
solvent. Chains should be agitated to ensurethat all joints are
free from grit and foreign matter.
(b) Roller chains should be lubricated as outlined inthe hoist
manufacturers manual. In absence of specificlubrication
instructions, the chains should be lubricatedwith a good grade of
new automotive motor oil, SAEgrades 20 or 30. Never apply grease to
the chain.
14
SECTION 21-1.8: OPERATION
21-1.8.1 Hoisting Practices for Operators
Safe operation of a lever hoist involves more thanpulling on the
lever. Refer to the B30 Introduction, whichemphasizes that the use
of hoists is subject to certainhazards that cannot be met by
mechanical means, butonly by the exercise of intelligence, care,
common sense,and experience in anticipating the motions that
willoccur as a result of operating the controls.
21-1.8.2 Before Operating Hoist
(a) The supporting structure or anchoring means shallhave a load
rating at least equal to that of the hoist.
(b) The operator shall be familiar with all operatingcontrols of
the hoist, and shall be instructed as to warn-ings on the hoist,
the hoisting practices listed in thissection, and the operators
manual provided by the hoistmanufacturer.
(c) If adjustments or repairs are necessary, or anydefects are
known, the operator shall report thispromptly to the appointed
person.
(d) Hoists shall be used only in locations that willallow the
operator to be free of the load.
(e) The operator shall have firm footing or otherwisebe secured
before operating the hoist.
(f) The operator shall have access to the operatinglever.
(g) The operator shall not operate a hoist that bearsan
out-of-order sign.
(h) The operator shall not adjust or repair a hoistunless
qualified to perform maintenance on the hoist.
(i) The chain shall not be used as a ground forwelding.
(j) A welding electrode shall not be touched to thechain or any
other part of the hoist.
(k) Hoists shall not be operated by other than handpower of one
operator.
(l) Hoists shall not be operated with an extension onthe
lever.
21-1.8.3 Handling the Load
(a) The hoist chain shall not be wrapped aroundthe load.
(b) The load shall be attached to the load hook bysuitable
means.
(c) The sling or other device shall be properly seatedin the
base (bowl) of the hook. Hook latch shall not beallowed to support
any part of the load.
(d) The load shall not be applied to the point of thehook.
(e) Before applying the load, the operator shall be surethe load
chain is not kinked or twisted or that multipleparts of the chain
are not twisted about each other.
(f) The hoist shall not be operated unless chain isseated
properly on the sprockets.
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
(g) The operator shall not apply a load beyond therated load
appearing on the hoist or load block, exceptduring properly
authorized tests.
(h) Hoists shall not be operated until the load block,chain, and
hoist body are directly in line with the direc-tion of loading to
avoid side pull.
(i) The hoist body or frame shall not bear against anyobject or
the supporting structure.
(j) Specific attention should be given to balancing ofthe load
and hitching or slinging to prevent slipping ofthe load.
(k) The operator shall not release the hoist lever untilthe
ratchet and pawl is engaged and the lever is at rest.
(l) The operator shall not engage in any activity thatwill
divert the operators attention while operatingthe hoist.
(m) The operator shall not apply a load to the hoistuntil the
operator and all other personnel are clear ofthe load.
15
(n) The operator shall make sure a load clears anyobstacles
before moving.
(o) A load shall not be moved more than a few inchesuntil it is
well balanced in the sling or lifting device.
(p) When starting to lift or pull, the operator shouldmove the
load a few inches and then check the hoistfor proper load holding
action. The operation shall becontinued only after the operator has
verified that thehoist is operating properly.
(q) The hoist shall not be used to lift, support, orotherwise
transport people.
(r) The operator should avoid carrying loads overpeople.
(s) The operator should not leave a loaded hoist unat-tended
unless specific precautions have been institutedand are in
place.
21-1.8.4 PerformanceThis volume includes safety considerations
relative to
operation of lever operated chain hoists. See ASME HST-3M for
operational performance characteristics.
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Chapter 21-2Wire Rope Type
SECTION 21-2.1: MARKING
21-2.1.1 Rated Load
The rated load of the hoist shall be marked on thehoist or load
block.
21-2.1.2 Controls
Each control actuator of a manually lever operatedhoist shall be
marked to indicate the direction of resul-tant motion.
21-2.1.3 Identification
The hoist shall be marked on a plate or label attachedto the
hoist, or cast, forged, or stamped on the hoistwith manufacturers
identification as follows:
(a) name of manufacturer(b) manufacturers model or serial
number
21-2.1.4 Warnings
Manually lever operated hoists shall have affixed tothe hoist or
load block, a label or labels displaying infor-mation concerning
operating procedures. The label orlabels shall be in compliance
with ANSI Z535.4 and shallinclude cautionary language against
(a) lifting more than the rated load(b) operating a hoist when
it is restricted from form-
ing a straight line with the direction of loading(c) operating a
hoist with a twisted, kinked, or dam-
aged wire rope(d) operating a damaged or malfunctioning hoist(e)
lifting people(f) lifting loads over people(g) operating a hoist
with lever extension(h) removing or obscuring warning labels
SECTION 21-2.2: CONSTRUCTION
21-2.2.1 Mechanical Design
(a) The hoist and appurtenances shall be designed towithstand
all stresses imposed under normal operatingconditions while
handling loads within the rated load.
(b) Load bearing parts of lever operated hoists shallbe designed
so that the static stress, calculated for therated load, shall not
exceed 25% of the average ultimatematerial strength. Elements
specifically intended to givevisible warning of severe overload by
permanent defor-mation while operating the hoist should be designed
to
16
show obvious deformation before failure of other loadsuspension
parts.
(c) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernizehoist
equipment shall be authorized only by the originalequipment
manufacturer or a qualified person.
21-2.2.2 Load Sprockets (Drums)See Fig. 7, sketch (b)(a) Load
sprockets should be guarded.(b) Provision should be made to guard
against jam-
ming of the wire rope within the hoist mechanism undernormal
operating conditions.
21-2.2.3 Wire Rope
(a) Wire rope shall be of a construction specified bythe hoist
manufacturer or by a qualified person.
(b) If a load is supported by more than one part ofwire rope,
the tension on the parts shall be equalized.
(c) Socketing shall be done in the manner specifiedby the
manufacturer of the assembly or the rope manu-facturer.
(d) Eye splices shall be made in a manner recom-mended by a
qualified person. Rope thimbles shouldbe used in the eye.
(e) Swaged or compressed fittings shall be applied asrecommended
by the rope, hoist, or fitting manufacturer.
(f) Wherever exposed to ambient temperatures at therope in
excess of 180F (82C), rope having an indepen-dent wire-rope,
wire-strand core, or other temperature-damage-resistant core shall
be used.
(g) The rope ends should be attached to the hoist ina manner so
as to prevent disengagement throughoutrated hook travel. No less
than two wraps of rope shallremain on the anchorage of the hoist
load sprocket(drum) when the hook is in its fully extended
position.
21-2.2.4 HooksSee Fig. 4. If hooks are of the swiveling type,
they
should rotate freely. Hooks shall be equipped withlatches unless
the use of the latch creates a hazardouscondition. When required, a
latch shall be provided tobridge the throat opening of the hook for
the purposeof retaining slings, chains, etc., under slack
conditions.Refer to ASME B30.10.
21-2.2.5 Load BlocksMeans shall be provided to guard against
wire rope
jamming in the load block under normal operating
con-ditions.
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
21-2.2.6 Load Controlling Mechanism
The hoist shall be equipped with a load controllingmechanism,
which shall perform the following functionsunder normal operating
conditions with test loads upto 125% of rated load.
(a) Stop and hold the load when the lever force isremoved and
the lever stroke is completed.
(b) Provide for incremental movement of the loadwhen lifting or
lowering.
(c) Friction brake mechanism shall have provision foradjustment
where necessary to compensate for wear.
21-2.2.7 Convertible Load Rating
On hoists with a convertible load rating feature, therated load
is converted by changing the number of parts(lines) of wire rope
supporting the load. This conversionshall be accomplished as
recommended by the manufac-turer without the use of additional
components that arenot furnished with the hoist.
21-2.2.8 Lubrication
If lubrication is required, accessible means for lubrica-tion
should be provided.
21-2.2.9 Manual
The manufacturer shall furnish an instruction manualwith each
hoist. The manual shall include informationon the following:
(a) operation(b) inspection and testing(c) lubrication,
maintenance, and repair
SECTION 21-2.3: INSPECTION
21-2.3.1 Inspection Classification
(a) Initial Inspection. Prior to initial use, all new,altered,
or modified hoists shall be inspected by a desig-nated person to
verify compliance with the applicableprovisions of this volume.
(b) Inspection Procedures. Inspection procedures forhoists in
regular service are divided into two generalclassifications based
upon the intervals at which inspec-tion should be performed. The
intervals in turn aredependent upon the nature of the critical
componentsof the hoist and the degree of their exposure to
wear,deterioration, or malfunction. The two general
classifi-cations are herein designated as frequent and
periodic,with respective intervals between inspections as
definedbelow.
(1) Frequent Inspection. Visual examinations by theoperator or
other designated person with records notrequired.
(a) normal service monthly(b) heavy service weekly to monthly(c)
severe service daily to weekly
17
(d) special or infrequent service as recom-mended by a qualified
person before and after eachoccurrence
(2) Periodic Inspection. Visual inspection by a desig-nated
person who makes records of external conditionsto provide the basis
for a continuing evaluation. Anexternal coded mark on the hoist is
an acceptable identi-fication in lieu of records. (A metal stamp
mark shallnot be made in a highly stressed area.)
(a) normal service yearly.(b) heavy service semiannually. If
external
conditions indicate, disassembly should be done to per-mit
detailed inspection.
(c) severe service quarterly. If external condi-tions indicate,
disassembly should be done to permitdetailed inspection.
(d) special or infrequent service as recom-mended by a qualified
person before the first such occur-rence and as directed by the
qualified person for anysubsequent occurrences.
21-2.3.2 Frequent Inspection
See also Table 2.(a) Frequent inspections shall be performed at
inter-
vals defined in para. 21-2.3.1(b)(1) and shall
includeobservations during operation.
(b) A designated person shall determine whether con-ditions
found during the inspection constitute a hazardand whether a more
detailed inspection is required.
(c) The following items shall be inspected:(1) operating
mechanism for proper operation,
proper adjustment, and for unusual sounds such as, butnot
limited to, binding noise of the wire rope, bearingsqueal
(2) hooks in accordance with ASME B30.10, fre-quent
inspection
(3) hook latches, if used, for proper operation(4) wire rope in
accordance with para. 21-2.5.1(a)(5) wire rope reeving for
compliance with hoist
manufacturers recommendations(6) hoist lever for bends, cracks,
or other damage(7) damage to the support for the hoist
21-2.3.3 Periodic Inspection
See also Table 2.(a) Periodic inspections shall be performed at
inter-
vals defined in para. 21-2.3.1(b)(2). These inspectionsmay be
performed with the hoist at its location, and donot require the
hoist to be disassembled.
(b) Covers and other items normally supplied to allowinspection
of components should be opened or removedfor the inspection and
then closed or replaced beforerestoring the hoist to normal
operation unless furthermaintenance is required.
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ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
Table 2 Minimum Inspection for Lever Operated Hoists Wire
Rope
Normal Service Heavy Service Severe Service
Visual Record Visual Record Visual RecordMonthly Yearly Weekly
to Monthly Semiannually Daily to Weekly Quarterly
Item [Note (1)] [Note (2)] [Note (1)] [Note (3)] [Note (1)]
[Note (3)]
Frequent Inspection (see para.21-2.3.2)
All functional mechanisms formaladjustment and unusualsounds x .
. . x . . . x . . .
Hooks in accordancewith ASME B30.10 x . . . x . . . x . . .
Hook latch operation, if used x . . . x . . . x . . .
Wire rope in accordance withpara. 21-2.6.1 x . . . x . . . x . .
.
Wire rope reeving forcompliance with therecommendations of
thehoist manufacturer x . . . x . . . x . . .
Lever for bends, cracks, etc. x . . . x . . . x . . .
Hoist support for damage x . . . x . . . x . . .
Periodic Inspection (see para.21-2.3.3)
Requirements of frequentinspection . . . x . . . x . . . x
Evidence of loose bolts, nuts,or rivets . . . x . . . x . . .
x
Evidence of worn, corroded,cracked, or distorted partssuch as
load blocks,suspension housing, levers,wire rope
attachments,clevises, yokes, suspensionbolts, shafts,
gears,bearings, pins, rollers, andlocking and clampingdevices . . .
x . . . x . . . x
Evidence of damage to hookretaining nuts or collars, andpins and
welds or rivetsused to secure the retainingmembers . . . x . . . x
. . . x
18
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MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS ASME B30.21-2005
Table 2 Minimum Inspection for Lever Operated Hoists Wire Rope
(Contd)
Normal Service Heavy Service Severe Service
Visual Record Visual Record Visual RecordMonthly Yearly Weekly
to Monthly Semiannually Daily to Weekly Quarterly
Item [Note (1)] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (3)] [Note (1)]
[Note (3)]
Evidence of damage orexcessive wear of loadsprockets . . . x . .
x . . . x
Evidence of worn pawls,cams, or ratchets; corroded,stretched, or
broken pawlsprings in brake mechanism . . . x . . . x . . . x
Label or labels required bypara. 21-2.1.4 . . . x . . . x . . .
x
End connections of wire rope . . . x . . . x . . . x
NOTES:(1) By operators or other designated personnel with
records not required.(2) Visual inspection by a designated person
making records of conditions to provide the basis for a continuing
evaluation.(3) As in Note (2) unless conditions indicate that
disassembly should be done to permit detailed inspection.
(c) A designated person shall determine whether con-ditions
found during inspection constitute a hazard andwhether disassembly
is required.
(d) The following items shall be inspected:(1) the items listed
in para. 21-2.3.2(2) fasteners for evidence of loosening(3) load
blocks, suspension housings, levers, chain
attachments, clevises, yokes, suspension bolts, shafts,gears,
bearings, pins, rollers, and locking and clampingdevices for
evidence of wear, corrosion, cracks, and dis-tortion
(4) hook retaining nuts or collars and pins; weldsor rivets used
to secure the retaining members for evi-dence of damage
(5) drums and sheaves for evidence of damageand wear
(6) the brake mechanism on friction brake hoistsfor evidence of
worn, glazed, or oil contaminated frictiondisks; worn pawls, cams,
or ratchets; corroded,stretched, or broken pawl springs
(7) supporting structure or trolley, if used, for evi-dence of
damage
(8) label or labels, required by para. 21-2.1.1(d) forlegibility
and replacement
(9) end connections of wire rope for evidence
ofdeterioration
(10) hoist rope shall be inspected in accordancewith para.
21-2.6.1(b)
(11) the hoist and hoist mounting for evidence ofmissing
items
21-2.3.4 Hoists Not in Regular Service(a) A hoist that has been
idle for a period of one
month or more, but less than one year, shall be given
19
an inspection conforming with the requirements of para.21-2.2.2
before it is placed in service.
(b) A hoist that has been idle for a period of oneyear shall be
given an inspection conforming with therequirements of para.
21-2.3.3 before it is placed inservice.
SECTION 21-2.4: TESTING
21-2.4.1 Operational Tests
All new hoists shall be tested by the hoist manufac-turer. All
altered or repaired hoists, or hoists that havenot been used within
the preceding 12 months, shall betested before being placed in
service by, or under thedirection of, a designated person to ensure
compliancewith this volume, including the following:
(a) All functions of the hoist shall be checked withthe hoist
suspended in the unloaded state.
(b) After testing in the unloaded state, a load of atleast 100
lb (46 kg) times the number of load supportingparts of wire rope
shall be applied to the hoist in orderto check proper load
control.
21-2.4.2 Load Test
(a) New hoists shall be tested by the manufacturerwith a test
load of at least 125% of the rated load.
(b) A hoist in which load-suspension parts have beenaltered,
replaced, or repaired should be statically ordynamically load
tested.
(1) A qualified person shall determine the need toload test the
hoist.
(2) A written report of the test should be preparedand placed on
file.
(05)
Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with
ASME
Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
license from IHS
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-
ASME B30.21-2005 MANUALLY LEVER OPERATED HOISTS
(3) The test load shall not be less than 100% of therated load
of the hoist or more than 125% of the ratedload of the hoist unless
otherwise recommended by thehoist manufacturer or a qualified
person.
(4) The replacement of wire rope is specificallyexcluded from
this load test; however, an operationaltest of the hoist should be
made in accordance withpara. 21-2.4.1 prior to placing the hoist
back in service.
(c) Test anchorages or suspensions shall be approvedby a
qualified person.
SECTION 21-2.5: MAINTENANCE
21-2.5.1 Preventive Maintenance
(a) A preventive maintenance program should beestablished and
should be
(1) based on the recommendations outlined in thehoist
manufacturers manual.
(2) reviewed by a qualified person for the applica-tion of the
hoist, when required.
(b) Replacement parts shall be at least equal to theoriginal
manufacturers specifications.
21-2.5.2 Adjustments, Repairs, and Replacements
(a) Conditions disclosed by the inspections per-formed in
accordance with the requirements of Section21-2.2 that are
determined to be a hazard during contin-ued operation shall be
corrected by adjustment, repair,or replacement before continuing
the use of the hoist.
(b) Adjustments, repairs, and replacements shall beperformed by
a designated person.
(c) Components shall be adjusted or repaired asneeded. The
following are examples:
(1) operating mechanisms(2) brakes and pawls
(d) Repairs or replacements shall be made as needed.The
following are examples:
(1) excessively worn braking components such asfriction disks,
ratchets, pawls, and pawl springs
(2) critical parts, including load suspension compo-nents, that
are cracked, broken, bent, or excessively worn
(3) bent, cracked, or otherwise damaged levers(4) worn,
corroded, or otherwise damaged wire
rope in accordance with para. 21-2.5.2(5) replace hooks showing
conditions described in
ASME B30.10. Repairs by welding or reshaping are
notpermitted
(6) missing or illegible warning labels(7) items that are
determined to be missing
21-2.5.3 Lubrication
All moving parts of the hoist for which lubrication isspecified
should be regularly lubricated. Care should betaken to follow
manufacturers recommendations out-lined in the hoist manufacturers
manual as to points
20
and frequency of lubrication,