Asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst) Towards IPv6 Globalisation IPv6 for 3G Gopinath Rao Sinniah Asian Institute of Medicine, Science.

asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)

Towards IPv6 Globalisation

IPv6 for 3GIPv6 for 3G

Gopinath Rao SinniahGopinath Rao Sinniah

Asian Institute of Medicine, Science Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST)and Technology (AIMST)


2G 2.5G 3G4G ???

Digital mobile phoneFeatures :-Phone call- voice mail- smsSpeed : 10kbps

Best technology now widely availableFeatures :-Phone call/fax- voice mail- send & receive large email messages-Web browsing-Navigation / maps-News updates

Speed : 64 – 144 kbps

Evolution of SpectrumEvolution of Spectrum Combines a mobile phone, laptop and tvFeatures :-Phone call/fax- global roaming-High-speed web-Videoconferencing-TV streaming

Speed : 144 kbps – 2Mbps


3G Spectrum allocations3G Spectrum allocations

43-50 MHzOlder cordless

phones

76-88 MHz -88-108 MHz

FM radio

174-216 MHz470-608 MHz614-746 MHzBroadcast TV/

medical telemetry

1000-1600 MHzIncludes air traffic

control, aerospace,military, radar, GPSand other satellitecommunications.

1710-1855 MHzSpectrum targeted

for 3Gcommunications

2110-2150 MHzPotential “3rd

generation” (3G)cellular services

1850-1990 MHzBroadbandpersonal

communicationsservices

2290-2300 MHzGovernment

deep-space-to-Earth

communications

2500-2690 MHzPotential “3rd

generation” (3G)cellular services

2400-2483 MHzNewest cordless

“spread spectrum”phones; “Wi-Fi”

wireless networkingsystems

2345-2360 MHzNew digital

radio satelliteservices

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Satellite dish

118-137 MHzAviation use

(aircraftnavigation, etc.)


3G System Capabilities …3G System Capabilities …

Interoperability and roamingInteroperability and roamingCommon billing / user profiles:Common billing / user profiles: Sharing of usage/rate information between Sharing of usage/rate information between

service providers service providers Standardized call detail recording Standardized call detail recording Standardized user profiles Standardized user profiles

Capability to determine geographic Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal network and the mobile terminal


Basic 3G ServicesBasic 3G Services

MultimediaMultimedia integration of music, video and voice such as integration of music, video and voice such as video-phones, video-on-demand and MMS video-phones, video-on-demand and MMS (already available)(already available)

Location-based servicesLocation-based services exp. Map guide to nearest destination exp. Map guide to nearest destination similar like GPS technologysimilar like GPS technology

M-commerceM-commerce e-commerce to mobile terminals, exp. Ordering e-commerce to mobile terminals, exp. Ordering goods, checking bank accountgoods, checking bank account


3G System Capabilities3G System Capabilities

WCDMA - WCDMA - Capability to support circuit and Capability to support circuit and packet data at high bit ratespacket data at high bit rates

0

500

1000

1500

2000

3G-WCDMA

kbits 144 384 2000

High Mobility (moving vehicle)

Pedestrian Fixed Location

W-CDMAW-CDMA

Source : http://www.3g-generation.com

http://www.3g-generation.com/


Examples of 3G applicationsExamples of 3G applications

Scenario 1Scenario 1 Ah!. It’s an old presentation…

Let me get the new presentation using my

3G phone. New presentation is sent by his colleague from the office. It is downloaded into his 3G terminal and transferred to his laptop

(wireless)


Scenario 2 – Scenario 2 – ShoppingShopping

A busy executive doing her grocery shopping hasn’t had time to queue at a teller machine, but cash is not needed. At the check-out, she uses her 3G terminal to pay for the groceries. It automatically debits her bank account, and gives her an updated balance on request.

Scenario 3 - Scenario 3 - TravellingTravelling

A young traveller has once again missed the train. Luckily, he has downloaded some of his favorite music from a web store. He's also got a pair of

stereo headphones to use with the communication device. Seeing that one of his friends is on-line, he

invites the friend to a peaceful game of chess.


Preparing towards 3GPreparing towards 3G

Web must be compressedWeb must be compressed Wireless Markup Language (WML)Wireless Markup Language (WML) cHTMLcHTML

Video – compression (MPEG4)Video – compression (MPEG4)

Terminal handover managementTerminal handover management

IPv6 header eliminated in Voice (ROHC)IPv6 header eliminated in Voice (ROHC)


Why IPv6 ?Why IPv6 ?

Address space problemAddress space problem Projected 1 billion mobiles by 2005 Projected 1 billion mobiles by 2005

Not enough IPv4 addresses especially in AsiaNot enough IPv4 addresses especially in Asia

Exmp. In China, there are 8 million IPv4 address and Exmp. In China, there are 8 million IPv4 address and 50+ million handsets50+ million handsets

IPv6 addresses - 340 undecillion addressesIPv6 addresses - 340 undecillion addresses(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456).(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456). We can address the terminalsWe can address the terminals Eliminate the use of NATEliminate the use of NAT



Security built inSecurity built in IPv6 includes packet encryption and source IPv6 includes packet encryption and source

authentication (IPsec)authentication (IPsec) Extension header (AH & ESP)Extension header (AH & ESP)

AutoconfigurationAutoconfiguration Stateful (DHCP)Stateful (DHCP) StatelessStateless



Quality of Service (QoS) for real time Quality of Service (QoS) for real time servicesservices DiffServ and IntServ applicable for both IPv4 DiffServ and IntServ applicable for both IPv4

and IPv6and IPv6 20 bit flow label for QoS20 bit flow label for QoS

IP MobilityIP Mobility Part of IPv6 (MIP6)Part of IPv6 (MIP6)


IPv6 status for cellular telephonyIPv6 status for cellular telephony

Has been mandated for 3GPPHas been mandated for 3GPPMWIF recommendation for IPv6MWIF recommendation for IPv6IETF design team designated for IETF design team designated for fast/smooth/seamless handoverfast/smooth/seamless handoverSmooth evolusion from GPRSSmooth evolusion from GPRSROHC WG considering header ROHC WG considering header compressioncompressionMobile IPv6 should be mandated after Mobile IPv6 should be mandated after Proposed StandardProposed Standard


IPv4 to IPv6 transition in 3GPPIPv4 to IPv6 transition in 3GPP

Dual Stack UE connecting to IPv4 Dual Stack UE connecting to IPv4 and IPv6 nodesand IPv6 nodes

IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv6 IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv6 node through an IPv4 networknode through an IPv4 network

Dual IPv4 / IPv6 stack

Tunneling

Translator

IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv4 IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv4 node through an IPv6 networknode through an IPv6 network

IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv4 IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv4 nodenode

IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv6 IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv6 nodenode

GPRS ScenarioGPRS Scenario


Dual IPv4/IPv6 StackDual IPv4/IPv6 Stack

Dual Stackv4/v6 host

RBSGGSN

IPv4Network

IPv6Network

IPv6host

Dual stackRouter

IPv4host

IPv4 / IPv6 PDPContext


TunnelingTunneling

RBSGGSN

IPv6Network

IPv4Network IPv4

Network

IPv4host

IPv4host

v4/v6RoutersIPv4 PDP

Context

Tunneling

RBSGGSN

IPv4Network

IPv6Network IPv6

Network

IPv6host

IPv6host

v6/v4Routers

IPv6 PDPContext


ImplementationImplementation

External services (IPv6)

Operator services/ intanet(IPv6)

GGSN

GGSN

GPRS Core

AP1IPv6

AP2IPv6

AP3IPv4

backbone (IPv4)

Backbone (IPv6

SGSN

SGSNIPv4 Network

Native IPv4 host

MT in IPv6mode

IPv6 PDPcontext

IPv4 PDPcontext

Edge Router

Dual stack host

Dual StackRouter

MT in IPv4mode

Dual stackmobile

terminals

IPv6/IPv4gateway

6to4 tunnel

6in4 tunnel


PDP contexts to IPv6 linksPDP contexts to IPv6 links

MT(Handset)

GGSN

GGSNLink 1

PDP Context A

Link 2

PDP Context C

PDP Context B

Link 3PDP Context D

Link 4PDP Context E

PPP

TE(Laptop)

ISP X

ISP Z

ISP Y


IPv6 and 3GIPv6 and 3G

Methods to obtain IPv6 addressMethods to obtain IPv6 address StaticStatic DynamicDynamic

StatelessStatelessStateful – using DHCPv6Stateful – using DHCPv6

3G UE has no unique identifier like 3G UE has no unique identifier like Ethernet nodesEthernet nodesStateless configuration is different in 3G Stateless configuration is different in 3G It is based on PPPv6 configurationIt is based on PPPv6 configuration


Static IPv6 address allocationStatic IPv6 address allocation

GPRS Core NetworkMT SGSN GGSN

1Activate PDP Message(PDP type=IPv6, PDP address =IPv6 address)

2Create PDP message

3Create PDP Context Response4Activate PDP Context

accept Message


Stateless Address AutoconfigurationStateless Address Autoconfiguration

MT BSS / UTRAN SGSN GGSN

1. Activate PDP Context Request (PDP type = IPv6, PDP Address = empty, …)

2. Create PDP Context request

3. Create PDP context response (PDP address = link local address, ..)

4. Activate PDP context accept

MT extracts Interface-ID from the link local address

5. Router Solicitation

6. Router Advertisement (M flag = 0, Network Prefix…)

7. Neighbor Solicitation

8. GGSN initiated PDP context modification procedure

GGSN configured to advertise only

one network prefix

Neighbor solicitation message shall be discarded by the

GGSN except if part of the neighbor unreachability

detectionGGSN updates the SGSN and MT

with the full IPv6 address


Recommendation from IPv6 WG to 3GPPRecommendation from IPv6 WG to 3GPP

Specify that multiple prefixes may be Specify that multiple prefixes may be assigned to each primary contextassigned to each primary context

Each prefixes must not be assigned to Each prefixes must not be assigned to more than one primary PDP contextmore than one primary PDP context

Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple identifiers within those prefixes, including identifiers within those prefixes, including randomly generated identifiersrandomly generated identifiers


Quality of Service in 3GQuality of Service in 3G

What is QoS ? What is QoS ? A video phone application requires:A video phone application requires:

The application is compatible with that used by the The application is compatible with that used by the phoned partyphoned partyThe cost is not prohibitiveThe cost is not prohibitiveThere is a network path available to the other partyThere is a network path available to the other partyThe user knows the IP address of the terminal the other The user knows the IP address of the terminal the other useruserThe end terminals can reassemble the data packets into The end terminals can reassemble the data packets into a sensible ordera sensible orderThe end terminals understand how to handle errors in The end terminals understand how to handle errors in packetspacketsThe packets arrived at the minimum length of timeThe packets arrived at the minimum length of time


QoS Management during handoverQoS Management during handover

Reservations here are notneeded after handover

Handover to new wireless accessrouter. Data reaches the node, but

QoS reservation is lost

No reservation exists at thisnode

Reservation at this node isdirected towards the wrong

port

Data packets

Illustration of how handover can affect reservation based QoS


Use of context transfer protocol

Incoming data packets

Signalling information is passedfrom old to new access router

This allows the new access router totransmit incoming IP packets over thewireless network in a QoS controlled

manner


IPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated ServicesIPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated Services

DiffServ defines 3 classesDiffServ defines 3 classes Expedited forwarding (EF)Expedited forwarding (EF) Assured Forwarding (AF)Assured Forwarding (AF) Best Effort (BE)Best Effort (BE)

Difference between wireless QoS and LAN Difference between wireless QoS and LAN QoS QoS Performance condition in wireless changes Performance condition in wireless changes

drastically when terminal is movingdrastically when terminal is moving


IPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated ServicesIPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated Services

2 level of management2 level of management Intracell management – managed by Access Intracell management – managed by Access

router router Intercell management – managed by Edge Intercell management – managed by Edge

routerrouter

QoS signaling can be encoded part of QoS signaling can be encoded part of IPv6 flow label field but restricted to local IPv6 flow label field but restricted to local access networkaccess networkICMPv6 as second method of signaling ICMPv6 as second method of signaling commandcommand


Towards 4G (2007 ~ 2010)Towards 4G (2007 ~ 2010)

High speed internet access (100Mbps)High speed internet access (100Mbps)Rich content transmissionRich content transmission

Research Into….. Research Into….. Electromagnetic compatibilityElectromagnetic compatibilityHigh-temperature superconductorsHigh-temperature superconductorsUltra-low-noise technologiesUltra-low-noise technologies

NTT DoCoMo


Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion

Future Internet is largely wireless / mobileFuture Internet is largely wireless / mobileIPv6 addressability needed for billions of IPv6 addressability needed for billions of wireless deviceswireless devicesMobile IPv6 is better and more efficient Mobile IPv6 is better and more efficient than Mobile IPv4than Mobile IPv4Autoconfiguration is suitable for the mobile Autoconfiguration is suitable for the mobile InternetInternetSecurity is the key component for successSecurity is the key component for successSeamless handoverSeamless handover


ResourcesResources

3rd Generation Partnership Project 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ((3GPP) (http://www.3gpp.orghttp://www.3gpp.org))http://www.3g-generation.comhttp://www.3g-generation.com3G Newsroom (3G Newsroom (http://www.3gnewsroom.comhttp://www.3gnewsroom.com))Nokia (Nokia (http://www.nokia.com/ipv6http://www.nokia.com/ipv6))Ericsson (Ericsson (http://www.ericsson.comhttp://www.ericsson.com))RFC 3314 – Recommendation for IPv6 in RFC 3314 – Recommendation for IPv6 in 3GPP standards3GPP standards


Towards IPv6 Globalisation

Thank YouThank You

Gopinath Rao SinniahGopinath Rao Sinniah

[email protected]@aimst.edu.my

Asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst) Towards IPv6 Globalisation IPv6 for 3G Gopinath Rao Sinniah Asian Institute of Medicine, Science.

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