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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Southeast AsiaSoutheast AsiaFire Danger Rating System ProjectFire Danger Rating System Project
Bryan Lee, Michael Brady, Bill de Groot, Caren Dymond, Robert Field, Orbita RoswintiartiNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
OutlineOutline
• Project Goals
• Adaptation Activities
• Operation Activities
• Application Activities
• Linking ground-based FDRS with remote sensing
• Conclusions
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
SE Asia FDRS ProjectSE Asia FDRS Project
Goals:• Enhance the application of fire
science in SE Asia
• Develop early warning systems for fire and haze events using fire danger rating technology
• Improved mechanisms to manage transboundary haze
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Fire DangerFire Danger
• The ability of a fire to start, spread and do damage
Fire Danger Rating SystemFire Danger Rating System• Evaluates the fire environment on regular intervals
and in an objective way• Interpretation provides information and guidelines for
fire management
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
• Provide an early warning system for fire and smoke events
• Promote the wise use of fire
• Support fire prevention fire activities
• Assist in managing fire fighting resources
• Promote technology transfer, fire science and policy formulation
Benefits of a FDRS for Southeast AsiaBenefits of a FDRS for Southeast Asia
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
FDRS StructureFDRS Structure
Fire Fire WeatherWeather
Fire Fire BehaviorBehavior
Fire Fire EmissionsEmissions
Guides and Systems developed by Fire
Management Research
Fire ManagementFire ManagementResourcesResources
Values at RiskValues at Risk
Fire ManagementFire ManagementDecisionsDecisions
WeatherWeather TopographyTopography FuelsFuels Emissions FactorsEmissions Factors
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities
• Fire Climate Assessment (26 years)– Sumatra
Understanding El-Nino affects
Non El-Nino Conditions El-Nino Conditions
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities
• FDRS Calibration – started for Indonesia and Malaysia
E.g. Climate distributions from 6-year NCDC data
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• FDRS Calibration
Based on satellite fire detection
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities
• FDRS Calibration
Based on visibility observations
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Fuel Characterization
Grassland Woody Slash
Peat soil
Mineral soil
Open forest
Closed forest
Shrub-lands
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Fuel Mapping – based on Landsat TM data from 2000
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Field studies on peat moisture and grass biomass
• Lab studies testing ignition thresholds
Data collection complete – data being analyzed
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
I. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation ActivitiesI. Status of SE ASIA Adaptation Activities• Training of developers and operators
Teams trained in Jakarta, Sandakan and Kuala Lumpur
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
• Daily FDRS map production
II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities
Operating for • SE Asia in Edmonton• Indonesia in Jakarta and Medan• Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur
Soon to be Operating in • Sandakan for Sabah
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
• Communication of FDRS to users II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities
Web-based• SE Asia in Edmonton• Indonesia in Jakarta (www.fdrs.or.id)• Kuala Lumpur for Malaysia
2-way Radio• Within Fire Control Directorate for Indonesia
Television• Part of nightly news broadcast on a national Indonesian station
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesE.g. SE Asia
website
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
II. Status of SE ASIA Operation ActivitiesII. Status of SE ASIA Operation Activities• Training in FDRS for users
Formal training program developed by a team from 4 countries.
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities
Interpreting FDRS maps to aid fire managers
Prevention programs Mobilization Suppression
• Fire Management – ongoing activities
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesE.g. Difficulty of Control
Interpretation
Low
Moderate
High
Extreme
These fires generally do not spread much beyond their point of origin.
Control of these fires is easily accomplished through direct attack around the entire fire perimeter by firefighters using hand tools and water from backpack pumps.
Hand-constructed fireguards are likely to be challenged. Water under pressure and heavy machinery are generally required for effective action at the fire's head.
Severe drought conditions and dangerous burning conditions exist. The probability for suppression success is low.
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities• Haze modeling – ongoing activities
Fire Weather
Fuel TypeFuel Moisture
Fire Behavior Fire Size
Emission Yields
Fire Location
Atmospheric Conditions
Transport and Deposition
Air Quality
Remote sensingFDRS
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities• Haze modeling – ongoing activities
Smoke from Borneo pollutes air in Malaysia
Smoke from Sumatra disperses into atmosphere
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Smoke Dispersion• Linking fire
danger rating & emissions with dispersion and transport models
• Retrospective simulation of severe episodes
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Improved interpretation of monsoonal wind and thermodynamic patterns over Southeast Asia.
New simulations of mesoscale wind and thermodynamic patterns during peak fire occurrences to support forecasting.
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities• Haze modeling – expected results
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
CLASS RANGE INTERPRETATIONLOW 0-200 Severe haze periods unlikely.MODERATE 200-300 Limited days of haze are possible depending on
conditions of lighter fuels, but extended periods unlikely.
HIGH 300-400 Increasing risk of extended haze periods. Burning should be restricted in peatlands.
EXTREME > 400 Extreme risk of extended haze periods. Full burning ban.
III. Status of SE ASIA Application ActivitiesIII. Status of SE ASIA Application Activities
E.g.; Early Warning of Haze Events
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Month in 1997Jan
FebMar
AprMay Jun Jul
AugSep Oct
NovDec
Max
BU
I
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Ho
tspo
ts
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Max
PS
I
40
60
80
100
120
140
160BUIHotspotsPSI
Fire danger forecasting of fire activity and air quality
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Linking ground-based FDRS with remote sensing projects
DiscussionDiscussion
Daily Weather Data
Daily FDRS Maps
Fire Managemen
t Guidelines
Daily reportsWeekly
status and forecasts
Fire RecordsSatellite Images
TopographyHuman Activities
Fire Climate
Fire Hazard Map
Fire ManagementResources
Daily Satellite Images
Hotspot & Burned area Locations and Statistics
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
E.g. Monitoring through daily reports
DiscussionDiscussion
Palangkaraya(approx.)
Banjarmasin
MODIS rapid responseCentral Kalimantan 19/08/2002
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
E.g. Burned area mapping
DiscussionDiscussion
A) Ground photograph of the large burned scar
B) Burned scars (orange areas) as detected in a multitemporal ERS image
C) The hotspots detected by NOAA-AVHRR are overlaid onto the ERS image
From: F. Siegert and A.A. Hoffmann
2000 Remote Sensing of Environment Volume 72, Issue 1, April, Pages 64-77
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
ConclusionsConclusions
• A Fire Danger Rating System exists for SE Asia• Indonesia and Malaysia have the capacity to
operate their own systems• A regional system would be beneficial to forecast
and monitor transboundary haze• Many opportunities remain to improve the
existing systems
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Asia-Pacific Advanced Network (APAN) 2003 Conference GOFC-GOLD-Fire S.E. Asia Regional Workshop
Fukuoka, Japan 21-24 January 2003
Thank youThank youhttp://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/seasiahttp://fms.nofc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/seasia
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