Asia Australia Africa Eurasia Europe North America Central/ South America African and Egyptian dogs have been linked to humans as companion and working dogs for centuries. This picture shows a cave painting of what scientists have recognized as an ancestor to the Basenji. Egyptian hounds, similar to Greyhounds, have been represented in tombs, temples and Egyptian artifacts. Mummified Egyptian hounds have also been found buried in tombs with their owners. Key characteristics of Egyptian and African breeds include slim, narrow bodies, long, pointed ears, and extended snouts. Direct Relation Source: www.pbs.org Additional Relation Relation by Migration LOCAL AUSTRALIAN LOCAL CENTRAL ASIAN DOGS LOCAL EURASIAN DOGS DOGS LOCAL AFRICAN & EGYPTIAN DOGS ANCESTRY OF THE DOMESTIC DOG: A history of dog breeding from ancient wolves to present pedigrees Domestic dog breeding has been practiced for centuries across the entire globe. Ancestor wolves, primarily the Grey Wolf and Taymyr Wolf, evolved, migrated, and bred into local breeds specific to areas of certain countries. Local breeds, differentiated by the process of evolution an migration with little human intervention, bred into basal breeds. Humans then began to focus these breeds into specified pedigrees, and over time, became the modern breeds you see around the world today. This ancestral tree charts the structure from wolf to modern breeds showing overlapping connections between evolution, wolf migration, and peoples’ migration. Many iterations of dingo-type dogs have been found in the aborigine cave paintings of Australia. However, many of the uniquely Australian breeds were created by the migration of European dogs by way of their owners. Because of this, many Australian dogs are more closely related to European breeds than any original Australian breeds. Recently, there have been attempts to domesti- cate the dingo breed as well. Key characteristics of Australian breeds include a medium size build, upright, pointed ears, and innate herding and working abilities. In Central Asia, dogs were mostly used as companions with few breeds devoted to herding or hunting. Versions of these breeds are frequently depicted in Chinese and Japanese art because of their significance to their owners. Flat nosed breeds and petite breeds were most common, especially in Asian royal families. Certain breeds, such as the Tibetan Mastiff, are seen as status symbols, and are sold for over $200,000 today. Key characteristics of smaller Asian dogs include long coats and flat faces. Some stockier Asian dogs, such as the Shiba Inu, feature more Spitz-style characteristics. There are also mollasser and shepherd type breeds originating around Asia. However, these breeds gained more significance in the Middle East and parts of India as working dogs. Key characteristics of larger Asian dogs include large bodies and very thick coats. Some dogs from India resemble Greyhounds, revealing a migratory connection between people and wolves from Africa to India. Though very dissimilar in appearance to ancestor wolves, the Spitz breed holds a very close genetic connection. The larger ‘hund’ or Hound-Spitz dogs of Eastern Europe and Russia bear more of a resemblance. The smaller Spitz breeds are believed to have been bred down in size and domesticated following both wolf and human migrations across Europe and Asia. Many basal Asian dogs show Spitz characteristics. Key characteristics in Spitz include small, pointed ears, a fluffy, curled tail, and a thick, short coat. Central and South American breeds have blurred origins because there is little written record of breed history. Most evidence comes from artifacts in Peruvian and Inca cultures. They show Chihuahua type dogs, usually hairless, used as companions but also as a connection to their gods and beliefs. These dogs were also found carefully mummified in tombs, similar to dogs in ancient Egypt, which reveals a deep connection owners had with these canines. Chihuahua’s and Hairless dogs have similar characteris- tics to ancient Egyptian hounds. They have small bodies and large ears with very thin fur or hair. Though there is no blood connection, Central American dogs bear similar resemblance to hairless African dogs. Modern central American breeds stem from European coloniza- tion: mixing local dogs with European breeds. AFRICAN WOLF ASIAN WOLF JACKAL DINGO AUSTRALIAN CATTLE DOG STUMPY TAIL CATTLE DOG KELPIE HALLS HEELER LANCASHIRE HEELER ARI DOG EGYPTIAN HOUNDS IBEZAN HOUND CHINESE CRESTED HAIRLESS SLOUGHI SILKEN WIND HOUND MUDHOL HOUND MAHRATTA GREYHOUND CHIPPIPARAI ITALIAN GREYHOUND BORZOI AFGHAN SALUKI AFRICAN HAIRLESS PHAROAH DOG EURASIAN WOLF JINDO XIASI DOG LAHSA APSO INDIA PARIAH DOG TRAVELING MONK DOG HAPPA CHONGQING DOG CHINESE IMPERIAL DOG TOSA SHIH TZU BONEMOUTH DOG SHIBA INU CHOW CHOW KAIKADI BAKHARWAL DOG RAJAPALAYAM CAUCASIAN SHEPHERD DOG KOMBAI HOUND BULLY KUTTA CENTRAL ASIAN SHEPHERD TIBETAN MASTIFF KOREAN MASTIFF JAPANESE SPITZ DONGGYEONG SAPSSALI JEJU SHAR PEI GEORGIAN SHEPHERD KOMONDOR EAST EUROPEAN SHEPHERD SPITZ MOLLASSER Mollossers are one of the oldest types of dogs, predat- ing any other type of breed. These undomesticated dogs roamed the mountains of Europe, harsh landscapes of Russia, and parts of the middle east. They have years of hunting, fighting and herding instincts bred into them. The Romans turned some Mollossers into guard dogs because of their large stature and violent appearance. They were frequently used in war. Many were also used in dog fights, a practice that still goes on today. However, these breeds are usually gentle giants with kind temperaments. Key characteristics of Mollossers types include extremely large bodies, thick, rolling skin and short or cropped ears. LUNDEHUND NORWEGIAN ELKHOUND EAST SIBERIAN LAIKA SAMOYED DANISH SPITZ ITALIAN SPITZ KEESHOUND BUHUND AFFENPINSCHER EURASIER FINNISH SPITZ ELO AMERICAN ESKIMO DOG POMERANIAN VOLPINO ITALIANO SWEDISH LAPPHUND SWEDISH VALLHUND POLISH TATRA SHEEPDOG RAFERIO DO ALENTEJO CARPATHIAN SHEPHERD ALPINE MASTIFF BARBADO DE TERCERIA CAO DE SERRA DE AIRES ALAUNT BRACO ITALIANO ROMANIAN MIORITIC SHEPHERD ROTTWEILER BERGAMASCO SHEPHERD PERRO DE PRESA CANARIO IBERIAN MASTIFF ANATOLIAN SHEPHERD ESTRELA MNT. DOG ENGLISH MASTIFF SPANISH MASTIFF CANE CORSO KARAKACHAN DOG DALBO BOXER OLD ENGLISH BULLDOG ARIEGE POINTER BLACK RUSSIAN TERRIER AERDALE TERRIER CAO DE BOU NEOPOLITAN MASTIFF LOTTATARE BRINDISNO PUMI ST. BERNARD GUATAMALAN DOGO POLISH LOWLAND SHEEPDOG MUDI MOSCOW WATER DOG PULI ALPINE SPANIEL KARELIAN BEAR DOG BAVARIAN MNT. HOUND CAREA CASTELLA NO MANCHEGO LEAUVENAAR BRIARD BERGER PICARD CANE DI OROPA SCOTCH COLLIE BEUCERON BEARDED COLLIE PEMBROKE WELSH CORGI DUTCH SHEPHERD DOG SOUTH RUSSIAN OVARKA SENNEHUNDS Some Mollossers and Hounds were bred into Mountain Dogs or “Sennehunds”. These dogs were most preva- lent in Eastern Europe and aided in saving mountain climbers because of their sure footing, great sense of smell, and ancient tracking instincts. They were also used as ‘nanny’ dogs for wealthier European families to protect their children. Key characteristics of Mountain Dogs include larger bodies, thick double coats, and large bushy tails. Collies and Farm Dogs were bred to aid farmers in hearding livestock. These dogs were mostly used in Scotland, Ireland, England, and Australia where farming was essential. They have great hearing, smell, and eyesight and are extremely smart. Key characteristics in Collies and Farm Dogs include medium sized bodies, large ears, and long coats. FARM DOGS TALBOT DACHSHUND DALMATIAN BLACK AND TAN TERRIER ISTRIAN SIGHTHOUND VISZLA ENGLISH SETTERS/POINTERS TRANSLYVANIAN HOUND KERRY BEAGLE ST. JOHN’S WATER DOG RUSSIAN TRACKER GREAT DANE SOUTHERN HOUND BARBET LOGOTTO ROMAGNOLO MUNSTERLANDER GERMAN PINSCHER ST. HUBERT’S HOUND IRISH WOLFHOUND HOUNDS Hounds are almost as old as Mollossers, but developed more directly through human intervention. Hounds are shown to have existed across Europe and Africa about 10,000 years ago. They have been domesticated into specific types of breeds that accomplish certain tasks. Some of the oldest hounds are called “Celtic Hounds”, developed in Scotland, Ireland and Wales. Hounds are particularly adept in their sense of smell and sight and were used for hunting. Many hounds also developed into retrievers: dogs who are skilled in swim- ming and retrieving animals in water. Others accompa- nied royalty in vast hunting exhibitions. Hunters would shoot their prey and the dogs would run out to find the dead animals. Because of this need, many hounds have thin, upright tails which hunters used to more clearly identify where their dogs were, and therefor, where their prey had landed. Because there are so many kinds of hounds there is no one set of characteristics which define them except for their amazing senses and hunting/sporting instincts. Many hounds do have large ears which graze the ground allowing them to pick up smells quickly and direct them, and long tails. EUROPEAN WOLF TERRIERS & RATTERS MANCHESTER TERRIER GLENN OF IMAAL TERRIER MAJORCA RATTER IRISH TERRIER ENGLISH WHITE TERRIER SKY TERRIER WHEATON TERRIER RAT TERRIER BICHON GRIFON BORDER TERRIER BEDLINGTING TERRIER EUROPEAN SPANYEL FRENCH SPANIEL YORKSHIRE TERRIER ICELANDIC SHEEPDOG SIBERIAN HUSKY Terriers have been used for centuries to kill or find small prey. They were grouped into three general catagories: Spaniels, Terriers, and Ratters. Ratters were dogs adept in finding and killing rats in homes, ships, and businesses. Because of their short coats and small bodies they are easily able to fit into smaller spaces where rodents can hide. They are also very fast and have a keen sense of smell. They usually have flatter coats than Terriers and Spaniels. Terriers are very similar to Ratters in function. However, they tend to have longer coats and serve more as a hunting dog for slightly larger game rather than rodents. Grifon type Terriers have wiry coats while Bichon types have fluffy, curly coats. Spanyels or Spaniels are a type of terrier that was bred directly in Spain, hence the name “Spaniel”. They tend to have curly or wavy coats and large ears. They were also used as hunting dogs, similarly to hounds. Many Span- iels were bred into smaller lapdogs, like the King Charles Spaniel, and accompanied royalty. LOCAL NORTH AMERICAN DOGS NORTH AMERICAN WOLF GREENLAND DOG LOCAL CENTRAL AMERICAN DOGS MEXICAN WOLF TALTHAN BEAR DOG North American dogs are a large mix of breeds resulting from the colonization and migration of people. While the Greenland Dog and Thaltan Bear Dog stem from North American wolf and European wolf ancestors, North American Virginia hounds are a combination of Native American dogs (migrating from Asia to North America) and local treeing Cur dogs. Modern husky breeds all stem their wolf cousins. They greatly resemble wolves and were interbred with wolves throughout their domestication process. They are also adept in sled pulling and hunting large game such as bears and moose. Key characteristics of this breed include a warm thick coat, upright ears, and a keen instinct for working in cold climates. Other “original” American dogs were bred from breeds that came over with European colonizers. Many directly resemble their European ancestors with little differentia- tion in appearance. Dog breeding in America closely followed European culture as breeds began to form not for function, but for aesthetic qualities. In 1884, the American Kennel Club was founded and has been dedicated to identifying both ancient and modern pure breeds today. NEWFOUNDLAND ALASKAN HUSKY CANADIAN ESKIMO DOG ALASKAN MALAMUTE AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD BLACK & TAN VIRGINIA FOXHOUND COONHOUND CURS SALISH WOOL DOG HAWAIIAN POI DOG SAKHALIN HUSKY ALCO CHIRIBAYA PERUVIAN HAIRLESS CHIHUAHUA MEXICAN HAIRLESS MAGENLLAN SHEEPDOG ECUADORIAN HAIRLESS BRAZILLIAN TERRIER TECHICHI INDIAN SPITZ LAKELAND TERRIER SPANISH BULLDOG BULLMASTIFF BULL TERRIER FRENCH BULLDOG VILLANO DE LAS ENCARTEONES BULLENBEISSER PITT BULL ENGLISH BULLDOG AMERICAN BULLDOG AMERICAN PITT BULL TERRIER BOSTON TERRIER CHAMUCO LEAVITT BULLDOG AMERICAN BULLY BRAZILLIAN DOGO DOGO CUBANO MEXICAN BULLDOG BROHOLMER DOGUE DU BORDEUX AKITA SWINFORD BANDOG FILA BRASLERIO BEGLIAN SHEPHERD GERMAN SHEHERD SCHIPPERKE SLOVAC CUVAC HOVOWART SHILOH SHEPHERD WHITE SHEPHERD BERNESE MNT. DOG KUVASZ BORDER COLLIE SMOOTH COLLIE ROUGH COLLE HARRIER NEW ZEALAND HERDING DOG OLD ENGLISH SHEEPDOG CARDIGAN WELSH CORGI BEAGLE ALPINE DACHBRAKE SHETLAND SHEEPDOG KOOLIE TEDDY ROOSEVELT DOG AMERICAN HAIRLESS TERRIER AMERICAN WATER SPANIEL NOVA SCOTIA DUCK TOLLING RETRIEVER CHESAPEAK BAY RETRIEVER REDBONE COONHOUND BEAGLE HARRIER SCHILLERSTOAVARE PORCELAINE NORFOLK SPANIEL TWEED WATER SPANIEL OLD ENGLISH TERRIER ENGLISH SETTER GOLDEN RETRIEVER SPINONE ITALIANO IRISH SETTER OLD DANISH POINTER GERMAN POINTER SLOVAK ROUGH COATED POINTER PUDELPOINTER BULL ARAB SCHNAUZER GREYHOUND SCOTTISH DEERHOUND FOXHOUND POODLE DUTCH SMOUSHOUND MINIATURE SCHANUZER PORTUGUESE WATER DOG BASSETT HOUND BRUNO JURA HOUND BLOODHOUND GRAND BLEU DE GASCONE GREATER SWISS MNT. DOG WEIMERANER BOUVIER DE FLANDERS RATANERO BODEGA ANDALUZ ESTONIAN HOUND SMOOTH FOX TERRIER AMERICAN FOXHOUND TREEING WALKER COONHOUND TRIGG HOUND MINIATURE POODLE CAVAPOO POOCON CHILEAN TERRIER HAVANESE LABRADOR RETRIEVER DOBERMAN PINSCHER ENGLISH TOY TERRIER AUSTRIAN PINSCHER MINIATURE PINSCHER WHIPPET TOY MANCHESTER TERRIER CLUMBER SPANIEL NORWHICH TERRIER NORFOLK TERRIER KERRY BLUE TERRIER CAIRN TERRIER PAISLEY TERRIER AUSTRALIAN TERRIER SCOTTISH TERRIER SEALYHAM TERRIER TOY FOX TERRIER FOX TERRIER DANDIE DINMONT TERRIER JACK RUSSELL TERRIER AMERICAN STAFFORDSHIRE TERRIER AMERICAN RAT TERRIER WEST HIGHLAND TERRIER PARSON RUSSELL TERRIER MALTESE CESKY TERRIER GOS RATER VALENCIA JAPANESE TERRIER GRAND BASSETT GRIFON VANDEEN BRUSSLES GRIFON OTTERHOUND SILKY TERRIER LOWCHEN BICHON FRISE BOLANKA BOLOGNESE PAPILLON ST.USUGE SPANIEL ENGLISH COCKER SPANIEL BLUE PICARDY SPANIEL BRITTANY SPANIEL CURLY COATED RETRIEVER FLAT COATED RETRIEVER AMERICAN COCKER SPANIEL KING CHARLES SPANIEL ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIEL RUSSIAN SPANIEL GORDON SETTER ENGLISH WATER SPANIEL LEONBERGER NORTHERN INUIT DOG TAMASKAN DOG KLEE KLAI LABRADOR HUSKY CHINOOK BLACK AND TAN COONHOUND BLUE TICK COONHOUND MAJESTIC TREE HOUND CATAHOULA CUR BLACK MOUTH CUR MOUNTAIN CUR TREEING TENESSEE BRINDLE CATAHOULA BULLDOG MINI. AUSTRALIAN SHEPHERD TEXAS HEELER Egyptian hounds Miniature Pincher Jack Russell American Bulldog Halls Heeler German Shepherd Mollassers European Spitz European Spitz Wolves Tosa Wolves CAROLINA DOG Silky Terrier Bolognese JAPANESE CHIN PUG TIBETAN TERRIER PEKINGESE TORNJAK Sapsali Tibetan Mastiff Central Asian Shepherd Scottish Deerhound Brussels Grifon English Cocker Spaniel English Setter English Setter English Setter Newfoundland Tosa Great Dane Alpine Mastiff Tibetan Mastiff Central Asian Shepherd Relation by selective breeding Relation by selective breeding through migration Alaunt Xisi Dog Chow Chow Chow Chow Central Asian Shepherd Indian Spitz Pomeranian English White Terrier Old English Terrier English Mastiff Spanish Mastiff English Mastiff Fox Terrier Spanish Mastiff Tosa Rottweiler English White Terrier English Bulldog Tibetan Terrier Caucasian Shepherd Dog Schnauzer Newfoundland GREY WOLF TAYMYR WOLF ANCIENT BREEDS 3000-1000 BC WOLVES & CANIDS Predate history BASAL BREEDS 1-1900 AD MODERN BREEDS 1901-PRESENT ZUCHON Bichon Frise KYI LEO Maltese STAGHOUND Siberian Husky German Shepherd Labrador Retriever German Shepherd Alaskan Husky Schipperke American Eskimo Dog St. Bernard Irish Setter Whippet St. John’s Water Dog Egyptian hounds Cairn Terrier Greyhound Rottweiler Beauceron German Pinscher St. John’s Water Dog Doberman Pinscher Iliatalian Greyhound Greyhound Bichon Frise Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Greyhound Bichon Frise Tibetan Terrier Miniature Schanuzer Fox Terrier Fox Terrier Greyhound Beagle Fox Terrier Great Dane St. John’s Water Dog Greyhound Poodle Affenpinscher Miniature Poodle Weimeraner Flat Coated Retriever Irish Setter Labrador Retriever Cocker Spaniel GOLDENDOODLE Poodle Poodle Coonhound Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Rat Terrier Rat Terrier Bloodhound Greyhound King Charles Spaniel Pomeranian Volpino Italiano Halls Heeler St. John’s Water Dog BEAGLIER Cavalier King Charles Spaniel BREED BREED BREED BREED BREED Basal breed, no further breeding Alive Extinct Basal breed, additional breeding Subsequent breed, no further breeding Subsequent breed, additional breeding Greyhound Rajapalayam Newfoundland Bernese Mountain Dog Pug Happa Tibetan Mastiff Sources: www.akc.org, www.justdogbreeds.com Welsh Corgi Source: sciencemag.org Source: touregypt.net Source: ancient.eu, miami.edu Source: pomeranianproject.com Source: modernmolosser.com Source: akc.org Source: oldtimefarmshepherd.org Source: ancient.eu Source: akc.org Source: history.org, akc.org Source: nationalgeographic.com SCHNOODLE Poodle LABRADOODLE Poodle COCKAPOO Miniature Poodle MALTIPOO Miniature Poodle YORKIPOO Yorkishire Terrier BREED