Ashraga 2011 - Physics Quiz Final

Ashraga 2011

PHYSICS QUIZ FINALS

Presented by

Take off

6 questions

Clockwise

+10 on a direct and a pass

Infinite Bounce

Rules

The element with the lowest melting point is helium (-2720C) while carbon has the highest (35000C).

Which metal has the highest melting point (34100C; the second highest after carbon) a feature that is put to everyday use?

Tungsten Used in Bulbs

X was an Italian nuclear scientist born in 1901 in Rome.

He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in 1938.

X was, along with Dr. Oppenheiner part of the team that created the first nuclear bomb, Little Boy.

The hundredth element in the Periodic Table is named after him.

ID X.

The current members of the Committee are:Ingemar Lundström, chairmanLars BrinkBörje JohanssonBjörn JonsonAnne L'Huillier

Which prestigious committee?

Nobel committee for thePhysics prize

Initial blueprint for what?

The first plane by the Wright Brothers!

What, in the world of Physics, is the ‘Gnab Gib’?

The metric expansion of space eventually reverses and the universe collapses, ultimately ending as a black hole singularity.

Reverse of the Big Bang is ‘Gnab Gib’

Choose your Energy Level!

A S HR A G A

One of the first to discuss the possibility of an _______ ______ temperature was Robert Boyle. His 1665 book ‘New Experiments and Observations touching Cold’, articulated the dispute known as the primum frigidum.

He said that, "There is some body or other that is of its own nature supremely cold and by participation of which all other bodies obtain that quality”.

What was he discussing about?

Absolute Zero

Which famous experiment in the field of quantum mechanics is depicted?

Schrodinger’s Cat

HAM Radio

Heinrich Hertz

Guillermo Marconi

Edwin Armstrong

In addition to his work in theoretical physics, X has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing, and introducing the concept of nanotechnology.

He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behaviour of subatomic particles, which later became known as X diagrams.

He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb and was a member of the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

X also became known through his semi-autobiographical books (Surely You're Joking, Mr. X! and What Do You Care What Other People Think?)

A literal translation of this word is "to make into nothing". In Physics, it is used to denote the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle.

Since energy and momentum must be conserved, the particles are not actually made into nothing, but rather into new particles. Antiparticles have exactly opposite additive quantum numbers from particles, so the sums of all quantum numbers of the original pair are zero.

What's the good word?

Annihilation

According to folklore, in 1589 X dropped two weights from the top of Y, one weighing 1 pound and the other 10 pounds, and measured the objects' fall and recorded the following:

“Imagine two objects, one light and one heavier are connected to each other by a string. Drop this system of objects from the top of a tower. If we assume heavier objects do indeed fall faster than lighter ones (and conversely, lighter objects fall slower), the string will soon pull taut as the lighter object retards the fall of the heavier object. But the system considered as a whole is heavier than the heavy object alone, and therefore should fall faster. This contradiction leads one to conclude the assumption is false.”

ID X and Y.

X - Galileo Y - Leaning tower of Pisa

__________ is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.

The word is derived from the Greek word ἀκουστικός ,meaning "of or for hearing, ready to hear“ and that from ἀκουστός ,"heard, audible",which in turn derives from the verb ἀκούω ,"I hear".

What’s the good word?

Acoustics

Third Gear

6 questions

Anti-Clockwise

+10 on a direct and a pass

Infinite Bounce

What technology is being demonstrated ?

Holographic Technology

"For all these years, we have been looking at the wrong number when we have been looking at X. X simply isn't the most natural number that we should associate with a circle . The proper number is Y. How much simpler it'd be if we just used Y instead of X. The circle would have Y radians, a semicircle would have half Y, a quarter of a circle a quarter Y, and so on. You don't have to think," Dr.Kevin Houston at the University of Leeds told The Times newspaper.

X=Pi

Y=Tau (2Pi)

What does the map represent?

This machine uses a powerful magnetic field to align the magnetization of some atoms in the body, and radio frequency fields to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization. This causes the nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field detectable by the scanner—and this information is recorded to construct an image of the scanned area of the body. Strong magnetic field gradients cause nuclei at different locations to rotate at different speeds & 3-D spatial information can be obtained by providing gradients in each direction.

What are we talking about?

MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Identify the person.He is standing next to his greatest work.

Edwin Hubble and the Hubble telescope

A few physical attributes particularly suit X:

His long, thin torso offers low drag.His arms span 6 feet 7 inches (201 cm)—

disproportionate to his height of 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm)—and act as long, propulsive "paddles“.

His relatively short legs lower drag, and add the speed enhancement of a hydrofoil.

His size 14 feet provide the effect of flippers.His hypermobile ankles can extend beyond

the pointe of a ballet dancer, enabling him to whip his feet.

Michael Phelps

Armageddon

5 questionsDifferential scoringWritten round5 + 5* no. of teams who don’t get

the answer

Rules

1. After the core of an aging massive star ceases generating energy from nuclear fusion, it may undergo sudden gravitational collapse into a neutron star or black hole, releasing gravitational potential energy that heats and expels the star's outer layers. Alternatively a white dwarf star may accumulate sufficient material from a stellar companion to raise its core temperature enough to ignite carbon fusion, at which point it undergoes runaway nuclear fusion. Stellar cores whose furnaces have permanently gone out collapse when their masses exceed the Chandrasekhar limit, while accreting white dwarfs ignite as they approach this limit (roughly 1.38 times the solar mass).

What is being described here?

Supernova

2.The process begins with the compressor. Ammonia gas is compressed until it becomes very hot from the increased pressure. This heated gas flows through the coils behind it, which allow excess heat to be released into the surrounding air. Eventually the ammonia cools down to the point where it becomes a liquid. Essentially, the expansion valve has such a small opening that the liquid ammonia is turned into a very cold, fast-moving mist, evaporating as it travels through the coils. Since this evaporation occurs at -27 degrees F (-32 degrees Celsius), the ammonia draws heat from the surrounding area. This is the Second Law of Thermodynamics in effect.

As the evaporating ammonia gas absorbs more heat, its temperature rises. The cool ammonia still draws heat from the warmer objects in it. The ammonia gas is drawn back into the compressor, where the entire cycle of pressurization and evaporation begins anew.

Refrigeration

3.Which effect is being demonstarted here?

Meissner Effect

4.This consists of a gain medium inside a highly reflective optical cavity, as well as a means to supply energy to the gain medium. In its simplest form, a cavity consists of two mirrors arranged such that light bounces back and forth, each time passing through the gain medium. Typically one of the two mirrors, the output coupler, is partially transparent. The output is emitted through this mirror.

Light of a specific wavelength that passes through the gain medium is amplified ; the surrounding mirrors ensure that most of the light makes many passes through the gain medium, being amplified repeatedly. Part of the light that is between the mirrors (that is, within the cavity) passes through the partially transparent mirror and escapes.

The process of supplying the energy required is called pumping. The energy is typically supplied as an electrical current or as light at a different wavelength.

What is being explained here?

Laser

5.It result from emissions of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere, above 80 km from ionized nitrogen atoms regaining an electron, and oxygen and nitrogen atoms returning from an excited state to ground state. They are ionized or excited by the collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon of light, or by collision with another atom or molecule:

Oxygen emissions-Green or brownish-red, depending on the amount of

energy absorbed.Nitrogen emissions

Blue or red. Blue if the atom regains an electron after it has been ionized. Red if returning to ground state from an excited state.

Aurora

Overdrive

6 questions connected by a common theme. +10 for each answer, on a direct and on a

pass.

Points for theme : +35 on the 1st question and then on a

decrement of 5 points per question

Stage 2

1.He is one of the founding members of the National Geographic Society in 1888.

Both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing his life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in hi greatest invention. In retrospect, he considered his most famous invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have it in his study.

Who is ‘he’?

Alexander Graham Bell

+35/-17

2. Albert Einstein kept a photograph of X on his study wall

alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.

X established that magnetism could affect rays of light and that there was an underlying relationship between the two phenomena. His inventions of electromagnetic rotary devices formed the foundation of electric motor technology, and it was largely due to his efforts that electricity became viable for use in technology.

As a chemist, he discovered benzene, invented an early form of the Bunsen burner and the system of oxidation numbers, and popularised terminology such as anode, cathode, electrode, and ion.

Although X received little formal education and knew little of higher mathematics, like calculus, he was one of the most influential scientists in history.

He is referred to as the best experimentalist in the history of science.

Michael Faraday

+30/-15

The temperature at which a ferromagnetic or a ferrimagnetic material becomes paramagnetic on heating, but the effect is reversible. A magnet will lose its magnetism if heated above the X temperature.

The term is also used in piezoelectric materials to refer to the temperature at which spontaneous polarization is lost on heating.

X?

Curie temperature

+25/-12

4.In 1642, in an effort to ease his father's endless tax issues ,X, not yet nineteen constructed this machine. Identify X and the machine

Pascaline and Blaise Pascal

+20/-10

5.William Thomson, 1st Baron of ____. The title refers to the River _____, which flows close by his lab at the University of Glasgow, Scotland.

He was the first UK scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords.

He proposed the idea of “Heat descending from a body A at the temperature T° of this scale, to a body B at the temperature (T−1)°, would give out the same mechanical effect [work], whatever be the number T. Such a scale would be quite independent of the physical properties of any specific substance.”

How do we know William Thomson better?

Lord Kelvin

+15/-7

6.What is the significance of this tree in the world of Physics?

Newton’s Apple tree – Discovery of gravitation!

+10/0

Scientists whose names are used as units

Alexander Graham Bell – bel (intensity of sound)

Michael Faraday – farad (capacitance)Curie temperature – curie (radioactivity)Blaise Pascal – pascal (pressure)Lord Kelvin – kelvin (temperature)Isaac Newton – newton (force)

Thank You!

4 Edge Quizzing Solutions.