Ashburner_FarmersLawI

The Farmer's LawAuthor(s): Walter AshburnerSource: The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 30 (1910), pp. 85-108Published by: The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic StudiesStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/624264 .

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THE FARMER'S LAW.

I.

THE origin of the little code for the government of Byzantine agriculturists, which is known in the manuscripts as the Farmer's Law

(vsPov yecOpY'ctx6), has occasioned some difference of opinion among the learned men who have dealt with it. The greatest authority on Byzantine law, Zachariai von Lingenthal, changed his mind on the subject. He began by thinking it the work of a private hand-the compiler of the Appendix Eclogae-and assigning it to the eighth or ninth century (Historiae Juris

Graeco-Rormani Delineatio, p. 32). It was put together, in his opinion, partly from the legislation of Justinian and partly from local custom.

According to his last view (Geschichte des Griechisch-2rmischen Rechts, 3rd ed.

pp. 249 sqq.) it is a product of the legislative activity of the emperors Leo and Constantine and was enacted about the year 740 A.D. For the opinions of other scholars I may refer to C. W. E. Heimbach, Griechisch-rdmisches Recht in Mittelalter, p. 278; Vito La Mantia, Cenni Storici su le Fonti del Diritto Greco-Romano, p. 13; and Luigi Siciliano Villanueva, Diritto Bizantino,

p. 50. It is clear that there are points of contact between the Farmer's Law and the Ecloga; and I am inclined to agree with the view that the Farmer's Law as it stands forms part of the legislation of the Iconoclasts. It is

equally clear that it is, to a great extent at least, a compilation of existing customs. The arrangement and style of the treatise suffice to show this.

Customary law, when it is put together into a book-whether it is put together by the public authority or by a private jurist-exhibits one marked difference from the law that is laid down by a legislator. In a statute framed to regulate circumstances which have not been touched before by legislation or custom, each chapter or paragraph deals with a different set of facts. There is, if the statute is properly drawn, neither repetition nor

overlapping. On the other hand, where a legislator or jurist is framing a code on the basis of an existing body of custom, he finds divergent rules

governing the same set of circumstances. This is especially the case if he has before him the customs of different localities. Now the tendency of the



86 WALTER ASHBURNER

compiler is, not to mould ,the divergent rules into one harmonious whole, but

to give one rule after the other or at any rate to let them both appear in his

completed work. No one can read the Farmer's Law without noticing several of these repetitions and overlappings. Moreover, while the Farmer's Law has on one side points of contact with the Ecloga, it has on the other even more striking marks of resemblance with the laws of the Barbarians. I hope to deal with these matters hereafter: in this article I am concerned

merely with the text of the Farmer's Law.

Although the Farmer's Law has often appeared in print before, it has never before been presented to the public in its original form. It is found in very many manuscripts. Seventeen are mentioned in M. Henri Omont's Inventaire sommaire des manuscrits grecs de la Bibliothlque Nationale: there are five in the Ambrosiana (A 45 sup.; E 117 sup.; M 68 sup.; Q 25 sup.; Q 50 sup.): five in the Court Library of Vienna (Jurid. gr. 2, 3, 7, 11, 12): four in the Marciana (gr. fondo antico, 172, 182, 183, 579): four in the Bodleian (Barocc. 131, 149; Laud. gr. 91; Roe 18). There must be at least a hundred manuscript copies in existence, ranging in date from the eleventh to the sixteenth century.'

Most of these manuscripts, however, may be left out of account by a student who is trying to arrive at the original text. Shortly before the middle of the fourteenth century Constantinus Harmenopulus put together a

legal handbook in six books-the JtditXov. To most manuscripts of the

cid/3t/3,ov are added drriteTpa, one of which contains the Farmer's Law.

The better opinion is that the Farmer's Law was not added by Harmenopulus himself (see G. E. Heimbach, Praefatio to his edition of Harmenopulus, p. xv; C. W. E. Heimbach, op. cit. p. 450); whether this is so or not, it appears in some of the earliest manuscripts of the 64dp3t/3Xo9. Zachariii von Lingenthal pointed out (Geschichte des Gr.-r6mn. Rechts, 3rd edition, p. 249) that the oldest manuscripts of the Farmer's Law, such as Paris gr. 1367 and Marcianus gr. 579, differ widely from the version of Harmenopulus not only in the order but also in the text of the chapters, and that they leave out several chapters which are contained in that version.

Unfortunately all the printed texts, with one exception, are based upon the version of Harmenopulus; and the exception is not much of an improve- ment upon it. In 1898 the lamented but injudicious Ferrini published in the Byzantinische Zeitschr'ift, vii. pp. 558-571, what he called an 'edizione

critica del vbtov /yeEopytkc.'

If by critical edition is meant an edition in

which any discrimination is displayed, Ferrini's text cannot be called critical,

1 Krumbacher (Gesch. der Byz. Lit., 2nd ed., p. 610) cites an article by Vasiljevskij on two

manuscripts of the Farmer's Law. I have not seen the article.



THE FARMER'S LAW 87

as it simply reproduces, subject to one or two insignificant corrections, a

manuscript which was at Ferrini's hand-Ambros. M 68 sup. This is, he

says,' la pidi antica recensione di questo importante documento legislativo. Essa e di gran lunga pidi corretta e libera da interpolazioni e iuntamenti

posteriori di tutte le altre che mi fu dato conoscere.' If Ferrini had looked at either of the manuscripts which are mentioned by Zacharii von Lingenthal, he would have seen that they offer a very different text from that which he

gives. Now Paris gr. 1367 is of the twelfth century (Omont, Inventaire, ii.

p. 26), and Marcianus gr. 579 is in this part certainly of the eleventh century -possibly of the end of the tenth; while the manuscript to which Ferrini

pins his faith is ascribed by the learned Martini and Bassi (Catalogus Codicum

Graecoruwm Bibliothecae Ambrosianae, vol. ii. pp. 634-6) to the end of the thirteenth. It is true that a late manuscript may give a much better text than an early one, but, if all the early manuscripts agree substantially in one text, while the later manuscripts give versions which differ widely one from another, there is some probability that the genuine text is that presented by the early manuscripts.

I give complete collations of six manuscripts and a partial collation of a seventh. These manuscripts vary in date from the early eleventh (or late

tenth) century to the early thirteenth. It will be seen hereafter that, although there are divergencies between these manuscripts, they are in substantial agreement as against the vagaries of Ferrini's and other later

manuscripts. In all of them the order of the chapters is substantially th same. The language is substantially the same. They vary sometimes in the order of the words or in the grammar and sometimes the vocabulary is different, but very few differences show a conscious treatment of the material which was before the scribe. Very little editing has taken place.

As against the consensus of the earlier manuscripts, there is the widest

diversity among the later ones. Ferrini's manuscript, as I have said, gives one version, and Paris gr. 1383, which probably goes back to the end of the twelfth century, agrees very closely with Ferrini's manuscript. Roe 18 (fourteenth century) gives another version; Laurentianus lxxx 6 (fifteenth century) another; and Vaticanus gr. 845 (end of twelfth century) another. There is still another version, which is in print. Titles xxiv., xxv., and xxvi. of the Ecloga ad Prochiron mutata, which Zacharii von Lingenthal published in the fourth volume of his Jus Graeco-Bomanum, are based in

great part upon the Farmer's Law and reproduce most of its chapters. The manuscripts of which I give complete collations are these 2

2 For a fuller account of these manuscripts see the Introduction to my edition of the

Rhodian Sea-law. I use the same letters to denote the manuscripts which I used there.



88 WALTER ASHBURNER

G Vallicellianus E 55 f. 241 v sqq. (thirteenth century). M Marcianus gr. fondo antico 167 f. 37 r-42 r (twelfth century). N Marcianus gr. fondo antico 579 f. 191 v-194 v (early eleventh century). P Paris gr. 1367 f. 97 r-100 v (twelfth century). Q Paris gr. 1384 f. 128 r-134 r (twelfth century). S Ambrosianus Q 25 sup. f. 5 r-10 v (late eleventh century).

Of B (Vaticanus gr. 2075), of the early eleventh century, I give a collation only for the first eleven and last four chapters. The absence of a full collation will be the less felt as S agrees very closely with B, although I do not think that it is copied from it.3

The editor of a Byzantine text may well re-echo the language of Zacharia von Lingenthal: 'nemo est qui ignoret quam difficili munere

fungatur is, qui ex codicibus recentioribus aliquid edit.' My manuscripts differ widely in matters of accidence, syntax, order of words, etc. Our

knowledge of Byzantine usage--especially Byzantine usage during the eighth and ninth centuries-is so imperfect that it is often impossible to decide between two conflicting readings. In many cases it is quite possible that there was no fixed usage. The utmost that an editor can do is to call the reader's attention to the conflict of authority in the hope that, when enough material has been collected, it will be possible to lay down some general rules. Here are some cases where my manuscripts return an uncertain sound.

(1) As regards the order of words, N has a tendency, in which it is

generally followed by M, to separate the substantive and its adjective or two substantives in apposition by putting the verb between them. Examples are 8 1 EIev 8t6o avp wvrlaoat eyewpyoI N]

avLwovra7ow-tT•,Vo ,yewopyot MP 86o

/yeCwpyot a v~Zvoo t BGQS; 1

pe yepy? aOs eptaw /opPrrq MN] /yecwpyeo toprtnrrpg (,top-ri-a P) Oepla A A; tr7 2 ol r7ji r1o dv•ratrott~ievot

X&ycp MN] o01 rTf6 8oaipt

Xo'yo• LdratTrolEVOtL A.

(2) There is some variety in the manuscripts as between the use of the

participle with the verb and the use of two verbs connected by al' or 36. For instance: Icy 1 rIapaXa/3&v av••arac Ty GN] nrapaha/hv •saC avycxarag~li•

M Xad,8P Kat

a-vy/caraJlty PS; Ke 3 aorpe~lae 71v TV S r.

81807C GQS] arep(wrIep- N)o0.4tevoro

v 7r. 8•t67W MN oaTpr]0i 7 ) 8 7r.

ood-raW P; ic 2 eyXco oxaow7Y7(to)0ek 7Totel&-(eleOco) NA] fyXwa-aoKowrel0ow

cat 7rotel o M. Sometimes all or some manuscripts insert scal between the

participle and the verb: 9 1 Oeplaq tcai ~covlaXloy BGMNS] 9eplo-av

3 I use A to denote the agreement of BGPQS, where I give a collation of B, and of GPQS, where I do not give a collation of B. I use n

to denote the agreement of all the manuscripts or of all except that one of which a variant is specified.



THE FARMER'S LAW 89

icov3alcTy PQ; try 1 Xapw xal oI PeaeTEL ; pe 1 ic raq c iofl .

See my notes on the Rhodian Sea-law, pp. 80, 98.

(3) There is the widest difference as to the use of simple and

compound forms: "

3 a'rrapao-dXevTov BPQS] OaciXevroq GMN; t8 3 awo&tBb6m, NS] arotBrOwTOav M &&'com GPQ; q 1 &cdet MNS] 7rapa- 8coet GPQ.

(4) The word &8c6vat in its different forms gives rise to constant variants. These variants may be classified as follows:-

(a) Wherever we get in some manuscripts forms from SL86vat, we are sure to get in others forms from 8oirvat: e 4 ts8&roTo-av BGS] 'T18irwoav MN

a•VT180Oaav P; X 2 L86TOO f ] 8cro P; vy 3 1&8r0o MN] 86r' A;

oa 1 Irapa3o8obv A] rapa3obv M; ra 5 tU6wTooaav

MQ] rTCo-av GPS.

(b) In other cases there is a difference in the tense or mood: ' 2

aro8covat A] dro8alct MN. Perhaps the true reading is a'vor8iovat. See De Boor's Index Graecitatis Theophaneae, p. 739. /, 2 8•det GMN] 806o PQS.

(c) There is some manuscript support for forms from Ist Aorist Asw-a. For instance, L- 3 ~6o MN] o WdrT A; ice 4 &t&8Wo If] 8ora P; X)3 4 8c'woxav MN]

drwo'•'oav GS Swodaro PQ; ve 3 806w MN] Swo'rw A.

(5) The manuscripts often hesitate between d~preXkow ap.e'Xov and

a/i-reX(0v. For instance, T - 1 dAp/reX&vo4 fI] c'ta'renXIov P; Ixa 3 T~a ca're'ove MN] TroV' tareXc-va4 A; 6 Tar q w e'Xovq MN] 7]c6 4u; v Av preXoL' PS

rL deV ciph reX6vam GQ; Ice 3 (ALFpriXotS GMNP] a/wrenotv QS; Xq 1 and va 1 AJ/reXW6vt f] /re'Xw P; vi 1

p/rr7.Xov fl] cOreXC&vo; P; 7r 1

,cwrdfh]ov fi]

lA,,reX-vaQ Q; 7rry 1 4a rreXc^vaq f] at'urrXdovq G; 7TE 1

wXc fo l] 5 reX&^vt Q.

(6) In phrases which relate to taking land upon the half-profits system, the manuscripts sometimes vary between v L(o-eiav and r3 •ureai : •p 1 (Xaaet^v) 7Tv

iluoaeiav 4iTreXov MN] 7T" o-elia lapreXov A; y 1 TOO

c7retpat r v I2,uaeiav NS] 70roD wepat r1 LOel GMPQ. In 8 1 and Ce 1 0 7T27 V•rUle'av Xaf3iwv all my manuscripts agree.

(7) When several animals are enumerated, which are afterwards collectively referred to by a pronoun, the manuscripts vary between the masculine and the neuter. For instance,

j/y 2 (3oiv0 rq voO)

ab-rO GMNS]

ar7Tv PQ; Ie 2 (oi19 ) o6vo 4 Kicp'o) aabrT GMNS] abrTv PQ; p 2 (xoipov n~ 'p6oparov 7 lwvov) abvo PS] avTo\0v GMNQ; 4 avro' NS] av'O v GPQ; om M; vs 2 (Xoipov ? 'cv'ov)

abTr GS] abzrv PQ; om MN. In S there is a

tendency to treat /oof

as a neuter; icy 2, /

1, r 1, 4. The candid reader will admit that, in these and similar cases, it is

impossible for an editor to determine with certainty which reading is to be placed in the text and which relegated to the critical apparatus. All he can



90 WALTER ASHBURNER

do is to state the authority for both, leaving it for his successors-with a more perfect knowledge of Byzantine usage-to adjudicate finally between them.

But there are other variants in the manuscript tradition to which other considerations apply and with respect to which even now we may entertain a modest confidence of discriminating the true reading from the false. It is

possible for us, upon the materials already in our hands, to lay down one or two principles with regard to the 'parliamentary draftsman' of the Icono- clastic epoch which will be of material assistance in distinguishing original from later readings. While I apply these principles for the moment only to the manuscripts upon which I am forming my text, I beg the reader to bear them in mind when the time comes for dealing with the eccentricities of

Ferrini's manuscript and of other similar 9rifacimenti. (1) The solicitude of a legislator-whether primitive or modern-never

extends as a rule beyond the redress of the mischief which lies immediately under his eyes. If he sees A's donkey browsing in B's vineyard, he passes a

law to protect the vinegrower against the incursion of donkeys. It is only in the course of ages and as fresh wrongs of a similar character strike the

attention that legislators begin to see that the principle of the law may be

extended without danger-that it can apply to the unlawful entry of any

devastating animal into any close, and that B's vineyard has no greater claim

to be protected against A's donkey than B's china-shop has against A's bull.

Legislation historically proceeds from the particular to the general; and

therefore, if we get in one manuscript a law couched in a particular form, while in another the principle of that law is laid down generally, we may

safely conclude that the particular form is the earlier. In some cases this is

very plain. C. pt deals with Xoipov, 7rpoplarov, or IKV•v.

MQ add at the end

of the chapter: To av3T 8 cal Eali )lraivy (Q inserts TO\ o1ov obv) xET'VOv. C. vfl deals with a 1coov or Xotpov which falls into a snare. MQ after Xotpov insert i

adio (diXXov Q) Trt KT^VOv. C. •y

deals with a fpov,. Q adds at the end: 7T

aiVTCO Ka- a rept ~vov. Another way in which the scope of a provision is

enlarged is by the substitution of a general for a limited word: e.g. tq 1 ,/p-

7reXcOva MNS] d'yphv GPQ.

(2) Another mark of an original body of legislation is the existence of

inconsistencies; and here I do not speak of inconsistencies between different

provisions, but of inconsistencies within the limits of a single chapter. Where a law is laid down for the first time the legislator is sometimes in

doubt as to the precise limits of its application His enactment is tenta-

tive; and the result is that sometimes, as he goes on, he seems to forget what

he has said in the beginning. He lays down the law at first with respect to

two or more objects. In the end his thoughts are concentrated on one. Or,



THE FARMER'S LAW 91

vice versa, he begins by dealing with one object, and he sees before he has finished that the same principle applies to more. Here are some cases. C.

t• begins by referring to an daWreXWv or Xdpa, and ends by speaking of an ~ypo6. Here there is no variation in the manuscripts. C. Ka begins by speaking of a farmer who builds a house or plants a vineyard iv

d/ypc

aXXorpl, 7 M rwrp. Here GPQ all vary the phrase. Later on the farmer

is referred to as the man who built or planted els Tov aXX•TrptLOV ypv, and here again GPQ give a different phrase. Then again the chapter first speaks of ol 701 OOTo'rov K ptot and later of vbv TO7 rdoiov Ktptov. Here there are no variants. Again, x8 speaks first of 70'TO r•Trov Kcpto'; and immediately. uses in reference to the owner a plural: iroo8mtv, where PQ give SWoodro. In

hX the content of the chapter broadens out. It begins by referring to a destructive ox; it, ends by including asses and sheep. C. va speaks first of an

ap/re•0Xqv or co9 and then only of a EKiro;, where PQS give

'tr'-eXo9 or

(3) In the first draft of a law ambiguities are not always noticed. These are gradually corrected as the work is revised. And, even where there is no real ambiguity, words or phrases are inserted for the sake of greater clearness. The fine careless flow of the original law-giver gives place to a meticulous accuracy. Examples are: 5- 2 Oeplaoy f] avaipXos - ep-y P; 3 6't&catoX0ymja-ev 2] ei] ? 6'ticoX6PyTa-e P; iG 2 TOVy (rypOV GMNS] TOv aibroD

a•ypo P To alVTrb d ypov Q; Ke•

4 Tr\v

3 87rpasav 8&r•8o GNS] T)v &

*7rp. (SrtTC (80odmC

P) 'raicav MPQ ; c~ 1 3o v fl] Bo^v 7 cEKXao-fpevov aXX' byti0 P; Xe 1 ICXe'rM0V aUo'rpiav cKaXar7V GNPS] KX. XX. icaX. caro

xopa lov 4 aK47rcv ot'iov M cX. iXX. KaX. n7r Xopabiov T 'q epav KCaXLyV eaLK7TCnyV oMcov Q; p,3 2 rv0XoV'aCo f] rvX-o'-o

'

TO•To •- OLo-oa9

Q; ,y 2 &8tcEW MN] StdJCov TOV (T0 GS) 78tov A; v13 2 0 TOVTOV

icptov N] J 70r To a/yy7dov iKpo MA; vy3 1 Iva f2] iGva aXXTrpLov P; vS 2 a'rro3oXret MN]

ad'roSo'-et avTyo (avro GS) A; 4-3 2 ha' k MNQ]

--' t t• paq GPS; KcaO' eKaOCqe GMNS] IKaO' eKao-rv tiqep'av PQ;

(( 2 cap=?6pevot GM] Kcaprrtr6,evot TOh dypoY PQS ; ?97 3 fyptodv'oOw 12]

TvwrTdPeVoZ ?27ptoV0el P; o 1 ?e'poV o0-Iov cal otpov 12] p. a-. i. ol. 7i'7

/LOtov Kcal IrETpov Q; 2 T^ tpXaia

7rarpo7rapa~ 0eASr ] 7v 7TarpTcLK7

apXato7rapaa'orov Efrpl7Otv P; o8 3 avrT)v] ai'roi M; r~Tv 9OpE•/LdTCOv f2;

oq 3 7T; 3Xa36'rVTt ] 7T 6cvpIc Tp79 pLOlpal ?yourn 7 T)/Xa/86rJV tQ. (4) A characteristic of the Byzantine draftsman-indeed a character-

istic of all Byzantine style of this period (see Beckh, Praefatio to his edition of the Geoponica, p. xxv)-is his passion for varying the phrase. He does not 'stand curiously upon an identity of phrasing.' On the contrary, if he has to express the same thing twice over, the chances are that he will express it in two different ways. I have dwelt on this subject elsewhere



92 WALTER ASHBURNER

(Introduction to the Rhodian Sea-law, p. lxv) and will therefore content

myself here with giving some examples. The writer of the Farmer's Law has to describe an agreement between two farmers to exchange their lands: he describes it in three different ways (f y e). He has to refer to one farmer

taking land from another: he describes it in six different ways (a-- ). He wishes to speak of an ox-herd receiving an ox from the farmer: he puts it first (Ky) ~av cAyEXaptoi pov to?oeOev 7rapaXafeWv 7rapa yeoppyoV /POfv .T.X.

In the four next chapters he has to say the same thing: though he uses the same words the order is always different. We are entitled to infer from cases such as these, which might be indefinitely multiplied, that, where the same idea is repeated and some manuscripts vary the phrase while others

give the same form in both cases, the manuscripts which vary the phrase represent the original text. Thus, ?a 1, a distinction is drawn between

trespassers who trespass to eat and those who trespass to steal. MN put the distinction thus: Etl elu /pv pCE(oa VeKEv ... E 6B ,cXorwq Xdptv. GQS have Veevv (in some form) in both places; P leaves out gVEKEVv in the first

place and substitutes v"eKa in the second. The readings which have been given heretofore justify us in classifying

the oldest manuscripts as follows: (1) N, as it is the oldest and the most

carefully written, so it is undoubtedly the best manuscript. M agrees on the

whole with N but it is carelessly written and it has sometimes been

influenced by a manuscript of the Q type; (2) BGS agree very closely with

one another and form another and on the whole inferior class; (3) P and Q generally agree with BGS as against MN, but their readings are distinctly inferior to those of BGS.

Some evidence may be added in confirmation of this view. In the

following passages, in addition to those mentioned before, MN agree as

against BGPQS or GPQS (= A).

a 4 rapopLav A] 7rapp~riav MN.

j 2 epyaanr;" N epyaotaq M] pyd'raL A S3 tarT p'qr0- MN] Setacpiryoa-t A (KCpdariti Q).

Ka 4 Xap3cvetv aVTtTO7rlav SvvavTat MN] hXaPave rv aVTtTOwlrav av

(Ov av G 5'rov &iv P) 8Bo;Xo(o Q)vrat A.

xcy 3 aiuoq avT'4 ?60-at MN] at~ro (oive'r G) (Avatitoq

e'orw (6'ar

avI0ro? Q) A. ,c9 2 &$od.7rdio-rw4 EXfceyg MN] EXE YXv U7rvo Svo Ktcal WpMôv zfJapDTVop

atO•~torrov A.

py 2 omi e"7arvvod ,

A] ' E'•trrovvady

MN, but see critical apparatus. ,ir 1

a7reXarL dE

7TO 7ro/lV?7r Ta OpEiULara B~aF EK 7'/ •v tav3paF MN]

t'EreXoL-E dic 'T ~, dv pay rT Opi~U/iaTa (7rp6paTa G) A.



THE FARMER'S LAW 93

" 2 r7 J roXwoX6ra MN] Th rro(oG)XX(XG)v(oPwGS)/,eva A. 'h 2 dlroXapdvowv Tr6 kd'oq MN] om A.

g0 2 Icai Irapa8co-a ;EVTEpov MN] evT•epaaq

Kat\ rapa8 aq- A.

It is obvious that we have here two entirely different recensions, and that of MN seems to me the preferable. But in some of these cases it is

very difficult to judge as between the conflicting readings. Where M and N

disagree, N is generally supported either by all or most of the other manu-

scripts: M that is to say stands either by itself or is supported only by one

manuscript-generally Q (M and Q agree as against the others in 7 1;

K~s 1; he 1; A0 4; vid 2). In these cases we are pretty safe in inferring that N preserves the original text. In a few cases N stands by itself:

t 2 E'iKo-pao'p6tva MA] 6op' ypva N. See critical apparatus.

Xe 2 "7ro8 "ce N] wapeX•rTo a'r"jv MA.

x9 1 'Ipoo-EXq1 N] r pooeti or 7rpoo-Xf MA.

v,8 3 ToVTov N] T70O, /La7avov MA.

In all but one I have placed N's reading in the text, though never with

complete confidence. That the best manuscripts may err is shown by two instances in the beginning of the book. C. 8 3 MNQS omit owing to the homoeoteleuton ei 86 o6 KaTr•eX1tj

l 8tarape'Tovo-,.

C. e 2 MNS omnit

,coXo/pv. After Es, where N breaks off, we are compelled to rely for the tradition

of the best family upon M, which, as I have said, is carelessly written and bears marks of interpolation. Here are some of its special readings:

(t 2 bavcoat A] qOavE'po M.

4 Kce•dXatov

(-ata S) A] Kce0aXljv M.

(q 2 To a?4,UCov r icOpiKp (70o Vcvplov acro3 Q) 7TOLmtTTi GQS] T' alqtov

,rotelkT,) T) KXa7rTVTr P To arItOv J, ? 7rT OLETEo M.

3 T7 o?'cklpa A] Tr c KXerTd M.

of 3 avTroi M] rTj vpe6qaTpomw A.

oe 4 8ta0opaq 70rTO VVds M] 8taoOopa^ 7T49 70T KVVO9 ('70ro ICVv o70

xvV, Q) qvXaccqi A.

o5- 4 Xap/,pavE'Trw ad"oTEryaq 8•oeica M] Xa,paierw ,tdoa'rTyaq GS: om. PQ.

o 1 ro' avvQLvo-lov avTroV A] ,TOV'9

Vo/OVq av'Trv M.

orq 3 dpryado-r-a A] 7rot?7-eTra M1 'rot'o-et M2.

7-a 3 T70O Xwpov KoLv4Trv KaTa/oC 0T&

^ 7A (in substance)] omrn M.

5 allji M] a AroLv A.

M is sometimes supported by Q as against the other manuscripts. Examples are (6 2, of" 1, 7rfP 4, Try 2 (twice).



94 WALTER ASHBURNER

As between BGPQS, PQ represent a distinctly inferior recension.

They have some points of contact (e.g. ve 3, v)- 3, 2, o 2, o- 4), but Q stands

perhaps closer to M than it does to P. P is the most edited of all the older

manuscripts. Here are some of its special readings:

X 1 ic6•o4'r ] KXe*fl P.

2 r v KXowrv f2] TO 'XE'LLa P. pry 4 prPv'ov 1] pit oov P.

pe 1 'vov 7 xploOv 12] Icploi' iq V P.

p~y 3 o' Xap/a3dve•t

f] ovicapeL P.

vp 1 9Iqa]y & -] crl-a4 P.

Kap7r(Wv fl] 9epcov P.

v8 2 Avro8cooet II] atrori•ae• P.

o, 1 ola S'VOTE Opep/lwpa7p a &f] oL a)S;77OTe 7po7r&) P.

wa 3 KOLVO'T7r9 f2] KIOLw P.

In some of these cases P's reading is an evident error; in none is it

probable or even plausible. P also constantly corrects the grammar: e.g. r 1, K, 2,

p•y 1, 3, vp 1, ve 2, vr 1, go 3.

The manuscripts which I have dealt with hitherto, although there are

striking differences among them, yet represent on the, whole one text. P has been doctored more than the others and P has prepared us to a certain

extent for the rifacimenti which we shall find in the later versions. The text of Ferrini's manuscript is before the public, and the learned

reader can compare it with mine. I will only dwell on a few points which

seem to me decisive in showing the extent to which it has been tampered with. Ferrini's manuscript omits chapters which are in all my manuscripts and which bear every mark of genuineness (~-~ o-): it omits phrases which

are in all my manuscripts (e.g. iKc 2 dv 'ov6part 70'ro Cvpiov /p?,

ar v ~rrE'rovr,-

peXa'Oat Kal; rI

aoparyt,•.ao 7' XEIPp av'TOv aXXh ia\ ; K - 2 C0 etq Ta

'8ta dppdaavreu 4i Icra-caTE; oe 6 p•apTrvpel•'•O

to the end of the chapter): it gives in a very condensed form chapters which all my manuscripts give in

a much longer form (a, cPa, Xpf, 14, 0, P, o3, oy, 7a). Ferrini's manu-

script constantly substitutes a colourless word or phrase for a picturesque one and a vague word or phrase for a precise one. In the following examples

my reading is on the left of the bracket and Ferrini's on the right.

t- 1 TEXl yaT' a TO~ Ta dECrpaopStva 7TO

8or)OOV"oU Xodov] Te? 7rdvTa VTa

av4Koura atb-.

<W 2 aO0 o3] eEVOvVo'.

Xa 2 XawroxowrdjuEe] kO-cfLaW.



THE FARMER'S LAW 95

'X 3 To7v 3oiv XiOKXoqpov] avrov.

XO 2 #vX7 dvri LVTl ]#uX?] aTro tV7OETEpov.

j7py 3 Av'rdvXov] dvO'Tepov.

•y 2 arrortvvVrawoav] i.rapeX•rTa) avryv.

Ferrini's scribe has an objection to dwrro0aveFv, for which he generally substitutes reXevrTio-at (e.g. Xs 3, X' 2, v1 2). But for a dog he is content to use a7rolavetv (o' 3).

Roe 18, which was written in 1349 A.D. (see Coxe's Catalogue, col. 471), represents another and equally unfaithful version but one that is based on somewhat different principles from Ferrini's. In this version practically nothing is left out which is given in my manuscripts but a. good deal is inserted from other legal authorities.

These are the principal additions: (After X) hv rcjv K rdcv U'vSppov xapCrcov 7reTvsoOTvS eltS r?Tv •v)"

d y v y araVoa0Taoooxo, o/e v'yolt'at. [ = Dig.

xix. 5, 14, 3; cp. Bas. xx. 4, 14.] (After Xa) ol E' EK rCv &8v8pwv Iprrle'voi.

Kap7rob pEposv eMZUL V7rto-7ovTrat 70ro ypov. [=Bas. xv. 1, 44.] (After 4W) a chapter taken from Ecloga xvii. 41. (After oy) two chapters taken from

Ecloga xvii. 39 and 38. (After rre) 6 o80a0'co v aXXorpla 7 PE/plara

c•dL c

da7 o WovL ToT tr . 7t

' ro'Ctac. [= Bas. lx. 3, 63.] This is

followed by chapters 7repl 8v powv &ai 6evOTo)VporPEv, rept peX to-o , and

erpt, X?1vCv Kt opveov. In Roe 18 the language of the older manuscripts is constantly altered.

Here are a few of the most striking instances, the reading of the older

manuscripts being on the left of the bracket and that of Roe 18 on the right.

E 3 rS Xtfyor0-3] Tq- 3XiyOv '/ OvrXt. 4 •7 7-rrtStdrVeo-av]

pevE'.

8 1 Kaa KovtGaX-Ct] &&-vv y. t 2 8 E'KrT

TOVTr•v pLEptOVZIEov ?eoGarTapaTro] 80 F LP OvrE' /peplowV

deraparov. ta 3 icaa ra -E vpbwca KpaTrel•rTav]

xal oViro0 paTr~)?Mo. tl 2 Oe Tr 7rperov] 8e6VTr1.

a TE•y rE Kat XapaKcoa&G &LaaKaplop]a

KaG 7V7 raav 'payao-ai

L 2 dErrrpvfyTrOrw(av] rfpelTrwOOav.

GY 3 & (4peoF] ave;vvvo'.

Xa 3 /L KXO&VOKOrTElcOG] ~aYEO. va 2 7ra'dkov] aK6Xot. The same correction at 7re 3.

(3 2 'n-vptcavoTrot 'rroW av] rrvpt ca7ew0ar.



96 WALTER ASHBURNER

oe 5 ca•wXcO

Kal c o'T7vXe] T&v rvx6wrwv. o' 3 xcvXaXw9vat] rv4Aa8Wdvat.

wrr8 1 al'ivrat] /Kptot.

The alterations are generally confined to single words or short phrases. It is rare that a whole sentence is rewritten. Examples of this are: a 4 el Sc \cal to the end of the chapter, for which Roe 18 substitutes el 8 dv

rp aoTp,

ov anopov Icat TV tEicap7riaL ; -a 3 av v 70O Xwpltov to the end of the chapter, for which Roe 18 substitutes

"av 4 Ocw'ys6Tfl ica/a3o5-t 700 T T

p^pyao-Trptov eXovTro• ~ KaK&~C TO ICOLVOV

itorotroavo'a.vov, 386j•oaav 7ricrav

Vr 6 v o 0epyaCopt7oovT (ParlPV Ka 'ovpYo-av L Kat rav Kca avrot KcowVOitT r wpoEpfyao-a/?ev9

These changes, which might be greatly multiplied, are evidently due to the desire of improving the language, interpreting obsolete words, avoiding ambiguities, or giving a more rounded turn to the sentence. There are also constant changes in the grammar, on which I need not dwell, as the variants of P in my critical apparatus give an idea of the modifications which Roe 18 carries out on a larger scale. In other cases the tendency of the alteration is to enlarge the scope of the chapter. Thus in 4y 1 for 8oo\s 7TOV 6vov Roe 18 has crrTvov;. C. va in the oldest manuscripts is confined to a Poik Si'voq. Roe 18 rewrites the chapter thus: 0ioloc Kat d tEplfr7ap6 77 Ol

KO'cvXO#L 70Ti paytofi o7rroto&vey ta o i6r1 tOTov

aEctpo,? ErCT. The version in

Roe 18 is more honest than Ferrini's. Where the scribe finds a difficult

phrase in his archetype he does not leave it out but interprets it. Thus 5-- 2 o ElqS Ta 7't8ta pai;avTreS ? AcKTIcaVT6e , which Ferrini's manuscript leaves

out, is replaced in Roe 18 by wv i-h T 8ta OvXaoa'-t. Enough has been said, I hope, to show that, while these and other

versions of the Farmer's Law may throw considerable light on the development of the Byzantine vocabulary and grammar, they throw little or no light on the development of the law. The only version-of those which I have

examined-which shows any sign of an adaptation of the original provisions of the law to a different state of society is that given in Vaticanus gr. 845 ; and this version diverges so widely in language from my manuscripts that it

would have to be printed separately. I return to my manuscripts and the text which I base upon them.

They agree on the whole both as to the number and as to the order of the

chapters. According to the title of N there are eighty-three chapters; according to the title of M eighty-five. N is unfortunately imperfect. It is

possible that it treated my 82, 83, and 84 as all one chapter. As to the others: B and S treat my 83 as part of the chapter before it, and

number my 84 *ry. They terminate with my 85, which they number 7r&.



THE FARMER'S LAW 97

G commences a new numbering with my 23; and this numbering goes on to the end of the book. It treats my 83 as part of the chapter before it. It numbers my 84 ?4 and ends with my 85, which it numbers ry. PQ both

give the numeration of my text, P breaking off in the middle of 85. In M the numbering is carelessly done. The initial letters of the chapters are left to be rubricated. The rubricator sometimes slips them and at the same time neglects to give the appropriate number. The result is that in M my 85 is numbered oO. It is possible that the code was divided into eighty-five chapters from a desire to imitate the so-called cavoveg 7<rov 7yiov a7roo'roXwv.

M inserts a chapter after Ica which is not in the other manuscripts. This chapter is also found in the Ecloga ad Prochiron mutata, xxv. 18. At the end of vy MN add a chapter-treated in N as a part of vy and in M as a new chapter-which is not in the other manuscripts. It reproduces Ecloga xvii. y. After 7re, M adds two chapters. The first comes from

Dig. xlvii. 11, 9 and is also given in the Ecloga ad Prochiron mutata, xxiv. 21. The second comes from Dig. xlvii. 21, 2 and is also given in the Ecloga ad Prochiron mutata, xxiv. 22.

As regards my critical apparatus, I notice the spelling of N and usually of P, as both are carefully written. I only notice the spelling of my other

manuscripts in exceptional cases. In N the iota adscript is regularly given in the other manuscripts it is almost always omitted.

TEXT.

KE4AAAIA NOMOY FEflPFIKOY KAT' EKAOTHN EK TOY

IOYITINIANOY BIBAIOY.4

a XP? 7T1V yeop6yov 7 epyao1/e'o/lvov 7"1 ?l&tov a ypov etvat 8l'catov xal

L rrapop'ewtv alXaxcaw roi0 ' "rXclovo

eJV L8 '

7apopicw 7rapop ala

roXop18c7y Iepl8a T7\V E'yto-tra arToL, e/,i ?/v ev veaTr TOTro rrerrOlq/oev, WT6XXEL rv Vcootv aurov, el OV Icalel) dv-7r aO dp TVrqvT 7r napoplav

CErotra-TO,, ea7roXXEt 7r y oVropov ica 7T)v

,yeopylav aVroV Kal 77v E7rt/Cap- 7riav o rrapopl-a4 ryewpryov.5

4 I give the title as it is given in BGS. votu. ye.] ro7 yewpyucKOV 'o'/ov M voNu. ye. KOa. dha.] TOV V dovT 7O

Ka•o EyAWYIYV TO ̂'YEWpYLICOV Q

ro0] 7js N; TizV M f3LfXAiov] GL'OAov N; 01-

BAwzyv M. After this word N adds: ce(pdxata

w7y, M adds: iceCpdAaa 7re. P has the following title: v4dos yewpyuo's : anyre'ta : sBdraTs dp-

iov" ahU~Itiavo-" ba~frov (read,

UoBs•rTov). 'p-

jlouyeiYavo*ic Kal rav'Aov a'iTrKL'vaTdpcY,

:

v,'rtY- roztrta eilaaycwy) vdou"ov

Oop[hov- wpo0eov ,al

o're4padov avrJTtvLIC pwv. i cal] on M aiAaaa GS ihv] ei MN

rapop•loe (-n P) MNPQ;

rapopi•,l (-eL G) BGS

KohoCboret MN iv] rI 70MN vEa'W&rL N; H.S.-VOL. XXX. H



98 WALTER ASHBURNER

a VPr 7re yE(op7oqY veV 7 0ij et•lo7eos 70To Kxvpiov 7 T4 Xcpaq eto-eXOov ve00 7

o-re7py, 'l XapavErTO rTE Ep~yaTreia' Virep T79 VWeCO /Te

E'7rtaprrtav ~7rip Tro0 o-ropov, &'XX oV, rbv o1-cKKov rK

v ,aoKaTa I3Xj7vTa.6

"7 6a o-vtpovyo-Ao-t

o yev p yo7t /per' TaXXyXwov icaraXXadat Xcopa- vara feraf6 0o cKat 7pLCov faprTpwO , Kal.

e i 7o &7EYd ovvefStrEtav, LEVrETO

) TOVTWV So;XVX?0L-t a~ T7oR 7 WV KaTaXXayl icvpta Kcal e3Pala

Kal darapao-cXevrov.7

8 eav S o o-vpov roaio-o- 7cpyo it araXXalat Xwopav 7rpop catpov 70

oT7retpat Kcal Stao-pEeE Cv pi'pov, el pC•v d KcdKKOc•iKaTrer7e7,

y

3tao-Tp owa-tv el8 ob KcaTe3X-'7'q, &tao-TpfVo-etV el ~ 06 8tao-rp0xov

ovic Evdeaev, o 6 & repov eveao-ev, vewo-et Kat /

& eao-rpei'(vw.8

e Cav 8 o y7wp7yot aKraTaXX o0-i Xopa eL'Tre 7rpo

Kcatpov eire ely TO

t)yveE4F, cKal ebpeRO v /' po9 KoXo/bv 7rp-Tp ro\ 6AXo, kcal oib o-vvEecwqvo-av Oos4, o AvrTrotla 0.. Ton'a r eXOV oTX&oXyoo-r"j

'78 \

O oT(09

o-vvE~)(vr)o-av, p ) it irmwsao-avr.

r Edar yEopye cXWV lKryv daypo eo'X0p rapct y0.rv 70oi

o-lretpavrov cal

OepLo-y, Eav "L v eXev 8lcKatov, iBv E70 EXETrO avrrovt el ,

cKat i&KatoXevo 7-ev, E v L7rrX'

TrOoTrTL 7rapeXydrTO 7r d-rtKapvlrav Thv

Septo-el-av.wo i o Xopla pcixwovrat rept b'pov i aypoV, rType6roo-av ot

aKcpoarTa iKat 7 T8t&acparo-avre

ET74 77rXe~ova a7ro1oo-ovat

-u b ' icalo(a' el 8& icKal po ; apXaio; dEor0-T, )7 pxaia tar7pro-0-l EOw- cTa7rapao-aeXfv vro

vea'r n. The better opinion is that words of this class, e.g. &ari-os, rpvY)ros, are propar- oxytone when they denote the season of the agricultural operation, oxytone when they denote its results. Sch. 11. xix. 223; Hesych. s.v. 'p6'yqrros ; Etym. Mag. s.v. ,.Lnros ; Bekker, Anecd. p. 387. Ammonius, however, s.v. AMrlnros, gives the opposite rule. &4rd$Nev P Kal] om M rapoptcav] rappqalav MN. ' apopla is not in the lexica; wrapoptry•ds is cited from the Basilica. wappnlo'a may possibly be right. It is sometimes used in Byzantine Greek in the sense of usus promiscuus. Due. 1124 &'r-$h- AeL] &dXrhew Kal P After aordpov BG add ab'roV

yewpy-fav] pya'i'av Q ab'roi] omn MN After

ErttIcapwrav MNP add abroVi. S T-s] om P ?r] 011om Q 4'p-a'ir-Tas]

?pyarLa&s N dpyraltas M ~'pyd'ras A For dpya-

'-Eta in the sense of wages, see Due. 434 and Sophocles, s.v. After

Ka'-ra•Avlrra G adds

chapter k, beginning it, however, with Kal and writing 'yiv instead of ghVAv. 7 y comes in P after & A&v... Kcarah- xhdat] &dv

,Its yCewpybs &veV r•ijs ^18o'ews (&vev r '-s

1i. om Q) ov~upeviaW r /lerh &Q 'pov yewpyopV els 'rb

araudaW at MQ Gov Q i rpuTv M IeAF-

varT N orWV 'r B0; orlOEts Kal] om P

8 60o crvyp. yE] avOwrcwvijwr 86o yewpyol MP b6o yewpyol cav.Cwv'Ociw(-ov. G),rtv BGQS After yewpyol MP add tEr'

&A'AA, v w p Rpdo-

KaLpa P; Wrpb KaLpbv S Ltac-rpef*7 P 'b ev P Ka'fE$A.] 8LE$ELA QO Q J] om QS el 8' o'b vafefl. 8Lta'p.] om MNQS ca-

crpe*walv P 8f] om G vEwoaY P 6 8' CE. ev.] om BS 6

r epos 8 GPQ vewaeo' P After ataOr'ipef(Pv GP add Kal aLar'ipe4E'iw.

9 Wrpo'dKaLpa P els ib]omQ rb Yv A KoxoIbv] om MNS Wpbs ib &XAA] i pbs rb

.A- Ahw N; Wpbs b AAhov MQ; b'rp ib &ANo G; bViEp 70oi AAov P orw Q &i6186rce- rav MN ; avrtdrwcrav P.

10 elOfABOot P avapXws Bepoal P

Before 4t8K. P adds EduK, Q dl (?) 4cKOX6-

,yn(-,- Q),ev PQ.

11 FXova'XOrra MNP Kal ypo( h G (?) r7p4?jtiCrav N Kal] om Q d rl Cfrn BGS J?'- ?rnEova corrected into 9T77 rA'etova N &ro-

&•6oovo'w (P -weiv GQ woaet BS) A] h &aiOaWOr

MN 8taKpd7'rt'Ls

BGPS ; KpawTels Q Tradhevros GMN



THE FARMER'S LAW 99

• eav/

peto'poq ryeVOLeVo ro 77•l'•0V rTva9 EV q e 7aplosL 4 TO rdwotq, a8etav eX'Tav va1 atXve 77v fyevophev pepLo-tav.12

Iw ^\ I \

13 dericaplra(; aLaTOV.

I /OPTLTOV I-POE se/LTLea yevve'a, T70 V XPO87ov 8 6\pepog &LdaLov g 0 6 dic TO)To V

Itepto'Veaov eOKaaoTapa TO."

oa

dv

'

t rt gpiv Xd/a arapo

Acrop?7o-avTo yepfyov al 0ooLXo-

veCctaL FLprov

IKaL aLepaao-Oat,

KcpaTrel'Cwo-av Ta O av•owva EL ae•ca

atrVe4q (Olfeav ar oprav, IcarTa

r. vi5awra KpaTeiTwaav.l5

Seav yeopryoa Xa3y 7rapa TtVO•

r yeWpYOVa awopocavTrog 77p

V 7•' tareatov

drreXov (;wp pyao-iav ra" o xXaevc ao vy V•a0 •o (T rro oca# 7 e

cal taparco-ag Gtamma loy, 4486 dic 98 im-aPKatlaa 6appa s

ty eav etvpEpyoV

Xapo\v wpav ro oaVretpat rT•v p71/ol av cal 'roy

c•apoa I•ca ovoa0 o0

•)reoesL aXXt, e

Ol•rtV fjirtL rt iccOV , I0 6cO K74;

errEKapwrtav oXaLLave'rw, La Tt e

Vo-adpevarto eC

e'a. 1T

7 7X pa

i ptov.17

eav E 0 T•7v

1pwelav hap 70T ov ypoV 70• TD7ropotrv epryov

d yrr L, o8vpb-aVo•T

L peaTaIoel

e e ot c v•ep7ay7rat

7 Tv rbypov, ev a8'rlX

7rOOT77TrL Tac wecapwLaq aWo8tO'TCO.'8

te eav 7Ta • 7LCelao• Xa/•

pav 7rpO To0 KatpoV 7T)7 rpfyao-la /eTra/LeXel i /rvO7 7T cvplTOD 700 bcypoG v a n lo?-xvwv, ica

• icpto~o TO0

aypoD v a/eXio-, a?E4/joq '6T0T0o ? o7to-taT47.'

t 5eavf yeWpyoq eKXa/3o'/evoq fye(opylav au7zrexcwvoq 7 Xcopaq a70toto-aq

/etTa 7'O icplov aoV •rocat appaCz•va tXa/c'w a\raipy'rat,

Kcalt iya•rpe'fa

7rp7rt aiTav, 7tv 'TU vv T ,LiaV

To• • ypoaZ 86• d 0 cat 7• a byporv 6X7 o

ivpto. a1To.0

1 2 yevQprvos Q tlKafl0ev] Bfq S

$] om f e'ro'tots

M -taAv'et Q pidpt-

truly Q.

13 0 Oeploaas OpT'iThs MN] 'OP7L's (, wprt-

Tr s Q opTrhas P) Oeploas A Kal] om PQ KovSahXajO' P 7ris] om NM

abro,] om G.

14 i Tro-] om PQ XwpoSrov P 8f] omr Q 3Be• TLov] om Q After OeoC. Q adds ~erTiv. 15 a Ad.Bn yv P yiv] yvvfi M; om Q

K&cad roXr.] rsx ]T oDaretpat .al O'TroXo'as O7'rot-

xIhon P vePvetL P; vaSwowv Q A'dvos Q Cal ovve4.] uvvce4SvqoavY (.ev B) KCal Kara

T& nvqqp. iCpar.] KpaTC-i'rwar Cw rVT &b w'r G v b

tAbpCwvov Q. 16 $ in PQS is ?y AdSoL M rwaos ye. &ar.]

avophOavcros yewpyo G V rf T jlJeT(4 Q)a A

a&jreAw G oh] A; G KXAa8evet PQ SP KCal S 8~(-v- Q)o'Caqpi-(- P)fre a A&acr'KaplCeiv

is not in the lexica, but it is found in &icros Kud'afews hardAXtov /

4Lp7or/ldpitov in Sathas (C. N.), Bibliotheca Graeca Medii A.vi, vi. p. 621, line 1. e?] &iro Q.

17 1y in PQS is 1, Tr h((el- M)AuLOet(-' Q)a GMPQ KaipoJ om M icaXovros] c~aXob i'vros Q vdre P 4 P; 4 t4 S ~-jq P

9T,] dweKla G. 18 8 Aap.dvw vQ Troi &'ypoi] om G r70

ar. 'e. aro8.] 70 ro &To-lqtavros yecwpyo, Q

yewpyoi om S After yewpyoV MN add hiro- p4#cavros ai, although they retain &7rdpov

harolt•8rwoav M; 8Lt3dw GPQ. 19 te leAiaws G QL?T(-v- Q)aTr's A.

20o r" KiAA4Kh.Fvos M &/Ahfrtv P r?1-. Xha'- G ab'rv& P hpafdva S ; appaSdvas Q

awaplt.] aplrdgarat Q 8~aO'rTrE*as S &ai'ioe P abrv G 8w(-o- GP)Od'rw A.

i2



100 WALTER ASHBURNER

Seav eyewpybo; e-eXacow ep•aarTat

evvXov Xcpav 7E'pov ye(pyoO,

T7pa T?7) arroIcap7revo-ret avrT, Kat ac7trooweL crdXtw 7•)v Xopav 7T V Kvpi

a 7 9. 21

tr 7av a7roop7rar yeopyvia'

w7rpo TO TepryaaOaaOath T\ V'tor,

aV.7reXco va

ta•7y97 t a2evtreaOy), oL

7T' (pl otpO) a7ratTOVpLCEVotXOy C rod tTrpvyI7T(O-av

avTov, 1 XOVTO' a'3etaV TODG e7ravepXoEvov "yemop/yov ;l.oVv aaTOL;

T'vr ovov.22

to cv y•eopyo;e

arro8paa a'

dEc TOl 70 1OU aypo reX iC car' ET'r Ta

dIor-TpaopSwtva T70) %317tpo.ov XAoyov, ol TrpvyCOVTre•;

at ve/P.tO~ vot

TOv a ypoiv

ytptor-9Owoav d v 8trXq Tror'T7Ttre.3

c 0cK7rTwOv 6a XoTrpav vX7rlv aEev el'3(eo 7" TOV lcvplov av;Tic icat

ep/yar•devo ical aoreipwv IfrlV E ~o) dE iT

•T' Ecrt/caprtlaq.24

ica Eav yewpyo' oiKotOj1I7ol tKov \aT cfvre aFTreXova iv ,ypc

aXXorpl 4) Torq, ical• Iear

XpOV oo oAC'OtV

ol 70T To'rov ivptot, obV

eXovutr, w

etarv TOV o IcOV KaTaO7ra ar icat Ta; a p7rEXhov; EKdicptL? , aJXXa

Xapdv3vtv aL'VTtTO7riav~, vaVTat"

el '

L avave1&v avavete 6 el' To/) Ca'X6o-

TptOV aypov KicTiaw i) VTeo'a'

/ 8077 r'vat artTO7roav,

aoetav EXEtV TOV I

, e,\

V8\ ^

T70 TorWov KVptorV Ta L7rEv avaarrav,

To 6 oltOV

Kraaora7v. KIc dah\v ye wpyo iKeiy

dr" 'TKLr

a X ,,lYorV

7 '7iiceXXavr

ica terTa Xpovov

ayvo•rO,, 7rapexeTC b T

.Jepro'ov. . . avToI doXXet ;•ecaE E

ollaOtW•• ' ical d

KXs6crTw, dV Katpt KXa8eiag

KchaEevVptor, 1 dK cv atpaF epptoj op o pdravor

i) EV Kao)ap bXoKolaq 7reXEKVV.26

21 eCloreXBV] om Q (vXwA X&pac P Xdpav] rdorov G ; yYv rOL XX&pav Q'Q ipov] &XXov P

rpiac ir] rpLCtriav P rKapwecre' A &w4a;]

abcdra N; aberi GMQS; ab'rrv P it7Xv 'rev

XCpav] abrrvy cirALx P Oe icovptov

S ab'- rou M.

22 L7 &'aopiavros roi yewopyoi Q V pyd-"

SCerat P atireXtzva]

aypbv GPQ &a(p?yoL Q C-evYrEar 7 P Xo'-y?'

&vratr0oAEVot A drtrrp'-.

ydTCrwaav P abrWo 8 8 Xw'v S ltC71L?V Q ;

CflLloL, S

a-roTs] acvrobs P; om Q rbv olov]

rib olov obv P. 2 10 reXet P Kae7rdos P; caKaOE"os Q

dEir(E'?- GS 'Or- M)padpar a M& MA] $4p8nva N.

In Dig. L, 16, 10, F reads exordinario as

against extraordinario of the others (ed. Momm-

sen, vol. ii. p. 934, 19) rpdvov'res N; -pu- Y4VFes P Kal] ? GQ; om S of vejdudevoL PS

i-by ab'ro &'ypby P ; bv a'Trbvr yppbv Q. 24 c See note on 3 4.

25 Kal] P &ypf] rardpw; adwpw ral

Q; om G ] om A XpdVov] -O'Dro P Troy

r-7drov] ri'roov

P Kie r&sA &/rAr.] ~ 0ros & L-

ireXA'vas A icp&s•itv

Q xAa4diJe? Q aQvav- Tal] &v (9v &v G, 87rov &v P) pob'o(-w- Q)vrcZL A

&vavcwde] &vavzedoo P; &davr6Cte QQ; om M Vby &XAAd'pov 'ypbv] h T&

X.-rpia PQ &ypbv] 'rTrov

G; om S S tv'r'roTwfav] om M r&S giU A

a&/rex@vas GQ &Ava-ra-v] iCp•Cv Q robs B

o'louvs Q After this chapter M adds the following chapter, which it numbers sc: 6 ~r &,- Xo'rplw 94177 KTtCoWV 4 alipYwY C 4 (Cv'rewY &AAw Ort Ipya~duzevos d~KrTr'rE'rw rie S8eao'rlas tC1r

&Ba'ravhCi.ac a XAagCtvwev. This passage is

given in Ecl. ad Proch. mut. xxv. 18, with the substitution, however, of o'rwelpwv for oC'dpvwv, as to which see Due. 1421.

6 KB KAtc n A v aKpxQ Atoyov This is the

reading of Haenel's MS., as reported by G. E. Heimbach in his edition of Harmenopulus, p. 836, and of Laur. lxxx. 6 (from my own ex- amination). The other late manuscripts read 4-v TKeL7p] ICtXEev e'KatcoXWa-yov (-.aoKov P)

GMNPS a4xi '~ev oeaptctAyo"v

Q 8eayvw-

arOe•C P; aLayvwptLO?1 MS

rb] om P

lAI•piotov NS ; '.4epoi'tov PQ (P repeats the word) ab'roi]

brEp abwroi P ; om Q PJAEIS P al]] om P

Kxaetfa]] a6roi•, n. This has evidently come in

from abeU-ro in the line above. Roe 18 has IAdcovs reX~K'qv MS ;

•dXEKa Q.



THE FARMER'S LAW 101

TTEPI A-FEAAPION.27

K7y Eaiv a7yeXcpto• 8o&0v O9ev 7rrapaXaovw 7rapa 7yemppyo /3o0v

cvycKaTa/tlp aVbrv /LETa 7? I •

ayeX779 c vKal cv/ 7Toi /oiv XvKowl9vat, 3 \ if 28

teLT~r•70 7 T 7 a 7rO KvpLOa avbTov Katl a;...to abVTo;

er-rat. ic( aIv ayeXaptoq 8oiv capaXa/iov arroXel I7 catl 7- avrq7 1/7Epa

ev

ov o0v9 abrwXero ov IKaTarap)?vy 7 iKvpLt 70T

/obv Ot TOv T o\vv ow •e

icat••eL "e OpaKa, 7TI 0 yeyovev obvc ot(8a, !/Aj

607(TO a;7/.LtoE, eL) Ka cretl7vvO-V,

-a'rw &aa?to?.29

/ce v aryeXapto9 /o8iv 7rapaXailov ta'ro yewp7yov ew9ev adr7XOy, icat

'mpLe0t 0 8o0 ̂ c 706 TODXOoVI?

ToV o a7XroeV60X' Xpaltotq

a &w'XotCo icat 7rpai8av 7roVtr10y, To70y Atao Oo avtoV .LI? rTepetpOwt, 77O v 7rpaU8av 00To7w.3o

K" EaV" cEXaepto(; E(0Oev 7rapaXc ,

O p oiv r Op•yo 7EOp alo Ka av7 fyVr)Tat 0 80i;, LoaW7'Ca byE' a

ipovozaT vplov pavTo rE'rrovlrpefv-Oat Ica

o7r obic ~owrovye' ~ " r;~ a7whata ToO pob••a cal atyo; 6e•T.3

ea v• 4yeX7 pv o EoCOev 7rapaX/ 7rraph yeopyo /o iv

iatl orvpt y abToyV cXao-Oi vab ? 7eK7VbX(09?vat, , o/POOa7'(A o (7yeXaLptO 1Lp aaVTbv

7rewrovflpe-Oats ica ~t' a tor r,,t r 0.32

icrK Eav ayeXaptoq der' d7rroXhea /obo '

A crtKXaoeoO

7 ic7Xrv 6Xw'e(o~

byhtras 3arepov

&,•sodrmrlrso d.e[Xg 7O cC

drtOpico0v, 7[Xo i/rtcorqoer q Tb

d?jptov T7) KcvpPL) 70T D8ob0 1ro9lOtT).3

KcO E'av d7yeapto /Cer7C rTO EV Traive XepO av ov' TOvXov atroXy'

ical

aic X 7 1o0V KTVdiXrCO'eL, oVoc ',rwv

" j(o9 .ca7

t?7(TVL(7( el •ocal' pLer7a Xtov,' o iV.34 Ta t a &)O(?60-rtv.

27 TT 6 P I A r. in P is in the margin, in n in the body of the text.

iy KEwOwv] N here and sometimes writes

gwO6v rapaA. . y] rap&h ro7 yewpyoi xAd$? PQS Bovr] om M vyI v .... &y'XA~s] om Q Kal vyKaTajLt?7 (-Et P) MPS aTiCr& S 'roO Iupiou MQS a~i/,. at'r. Go'rat] abvrbs (oV"-

rws G) aYafrioS o'trW GPS; a'rjrbs orc'w avy-

nTov Q &MimGos N. 29 K8 7^ a'T• ] ra•T77 7~ M ; 7r Q Ka-

TraLrblvuOe P; M.tveciz Q 70Q ro Kvpon M Toy0

Bobs] ab'ro,

M a&(JIos Mlh EO~rC P eC 1B Kal P

KarEmliv77•Ev Q.

30o 7- BoV. . . . wOEv] 'wOv wapaAaB&P hrb

yewpyo7i Bofiv P &rnb] ir5b Q &r'0B7] om P

e~Ore/Ap] laye'XOot S; &w'rXOoi Q d' &tr-

AXos (a7reAXLoLs QS) A vrpa^8av N] 7rpala•v P as usually ro,~eat P 'rep. r1Yv B] o-ae- p(btirep- N)oFtevvos r1vA MN ;

r•epnOfli rTV 8c P

oo'd'rw P MPQ add r'aav. 31 ' lOWeV] cm MPQS AdBfl PS wapa-

hdyBp . . .yewiyoi] rapahd'otL rapah ywpyovi Boi-v G; FBov r apaXa'Bv (Xaa9uv Q) birb yewp-

yoi MQ 61dweTrdw P 7revrovJlpev'e'Oa

PQS adroAEatL N. 32 KC 7rapahAdotO G Boi] om M P adds

after Boirv: e KXeiXaoydvov A A' iyd- $

{rvipAxwOcevaL] om P re•ovnpre1eOraet

PQS. 33 K 1

a0k•ias (?) N '700 ods Q KCXd-

aeis Q e•rucpXyA

as M; rvAcd-ews PQ 46cas P b'uepov S' Q & lortlrTWs eAeyXO71

MN] C'Ae•yxO (dAeyxObs Q) •rb ? 6o acl rpciiv

jtap'ripwv &vSo awr'rwv A ywa'eoroorlOefIs]

XwyAoooooreoOEls GQ ; y7AwroooowvecIaOw al M

roiITw P ; 7roe-tOw GQS. 34 KO a-s] orn S t{Aov M At roAhoat

(-nr P) GMP caKl K Adp] om MN ] Kal N

•K'vrpAc6Sdro P a60os N, but &Octos below

,al (1st)] om PQS •CnLovBcOw M Cal (2nd)]

om G •& XtAlOoU P] jeTraet Q; ~e'hr& XaOov

bXtyou G; ~reT3hlyov MN; MeTaxaiyov S gao?rm Q.




X dVc TP' K# 7 (IC)0va? K /O *K ova

7rpo/~8O4 U Ka 78layYocaOp &a

c6Xrr7rT7, IlacTrTLtywO 7w el 8e\ • avcl ; ycvrlTat 7) - Nov, &tTorw awro

\ T)7v

hXolrw rotcrac 70oiK #•#8oV0.35 Xa eav

tSvepov

t-rarat ev iepet Xwpiov", eC C ev K? 77T9 aCTLV 77

UEFtptKat v-7roo-KtaTatV7r TOV OVVE77

o'veyyv, Ciperp Kal

b rroax va L brb 70o o'vev•7vy

s8v6pov, icXwvokorowdar aCv'ro 0 cpO8 airoEt El

~p obc 'oret I 7rrOq, If1Co17 co(ETE0m.

X3 dca p86pov avaTpa 7 Vro6 rtvo Ely 707rco a/EplTaT(, Icat l/eTa

7a7a JpepLro-pov e/vou/ivov e'XaXe dcpep/Co/J fx (XX , ) E7EX T(TV

e&ovo-tav 70r &?VlpoT El E r ,w oava0pE*a9 advra 'v o ' E 8\ Kacta/o ' 70TO

7o'roovic pto a brt tEaKO t LoatI ro' To'ii 8'vypov,

o6or\oaav

c 708o D8v8pov

86Wvpov E•TEpov 7~ avaOpelaVt aiV-oa

cal t EXoTav ablo.37

Xr7 c p eEpeO drrwpoXc a rckXw

l (Oi vX aTT T7r ),

aTrepeUO-O 70To ,taoOoi aTroi icat o-4 68pa TvuwrTCo•6.38

X8 tav

ep elp Gourv -OwCBT7 \

akEywo 7t /oYic4/ara aT8roi XICpa

GTO IKvplov avTOJv ica 7rtrrpaao-icv, TV7rTOP•eOV

TO7 p/o-Oov• L aVTroV

aTEpEaeO•O.39

Xe acv Tq eVebpe8j iXck Twl XXorplav KaXd/r7v, dv &,rkX

woo-o6rrtge

aoror o-6Ot.40

Xa - Lv TtLq 0V ov O)7 7vov qoloh o•ov Ic/' voq ary0oovV0o0 7v o KUvpov

avTrov appy cat dv rrpayTaTrt " a7 f, 07 rov e0ttov) avrov EV teXAr

El)OS' EL TL C "41 7roo-rrT e e a7croOa9V

El p? 9 o78,•<(Ete o avr~ 4vo ' 1e Av e'Lr.4

X- "caav Xay ( T o0v 7pot epylal) Ica ratroOavly, TrypfETowCav oLt

dicpoara(, cal El CC p evevG c,-, 6 c7rer arev KEIl) ical a7re'avev,

S E o 4w' aXXp E'py( A7ravev, &0cE 'o ToV 8o0l dXXcpOv.4

TV E v 7LeEpy (30?

av a/V7XCv kt iE' dl) (7p9P) c7 El)E ETEp) To7r

7rpatoay 7ro0o0VVora Kat O 7rapaoopet aTE TICOvpoL

avTO•

9 C•qEXXlv

aVLTOl L,7rratre•7tV

7aacav TOlv capwo•ov 7TV a7rCoXLtav aXXa

bovlEvy 7

XXcao-y, 67o pvov avri t obo ; ovo v av vov O /po3aov 77wi

rrpop0aTOV.43

35 ,cx40 P In N the o of fcdn is over an erasure d-t 7rpo$&'ov] Q omits ic ; in P it is above the line 'os corr from 6 P Acavi

Q &•8To

P P b K /LAca P. 36

ha tXplt GPQ Xwpa)lov P Ku-

ros Q 7rLaKda(ceraT P KXovoIoIrro7l P

abrbv Q; om M al obk G dros QQ KXovoKornOrr w4 P.

37 X-- &vEpdcrc A After a'vap. MN add 4 Kaxdc/aj 7r d

,rivos] om Q yeva~eivov S

&Xov Q; ,xxcv P eP E ] AXX' aA A

&vaOpEd,'as Q pQvos] om P Sawcd'ro PQ;

wdrrwar GS & rl OViroVo V'oi3 G ,repov] om P

avaOea'arprt S, yet in line 3 it has &va-

Opit4as abvrb] om PQ •xi'rc Ms.

s oXy rplarep vQOw Q opoapws GP. 39 xs ro orqr] 6 wotljVy P; woAIb• 4 Q

o mL- T0wTrbs OL/LY G id&] om P av'roi] om A

abvriv] ab'ro QS. 40o -XE eipe60 'ts A After ahd.uayv M adds:

awrb Xwpa4iov g undkrqrY oTKou; Q adds: &rb Xwpacpov 4 Eriepav KaxdcIL71v eted'7v ofKou

wrodroTL P ahro•c5rlT] 7rapeXE'w abir•v MA.

41' • 4 ;- ovom M 4 •AAws r b olov ov P ;

4 &XAov •b oTov oIv Q rj•Vos] 'rtvos Q; C Twros P ayvooyv0ros] ayvoi PS ab'roi3] om S &pp] before &yvoi in P

wpa'yLa'ri(-ei- S)a

GQS arEXBOL P etn] PS; etr rb CS'ov Q 42" x

r r Ad8-X7c M r7p?TrwTra N abrb

GPS tKELYvo P Ccal] om A •C~lros...

A&rwBavev] om Q

6XoK•uxpws P.

43 x 1 'v ArXw &ypw P " &4rpw Q

a1r- S rc K pq'r aibroe i V]•

r w Kuplw P

abvrwv Q •ra-av

in N is above the line

KAdarp ab'rJv P.




a-O 'dv 7rt Cd~rTw d' epvU(P Xov oib porpEX d7XXy 7•-y, KaI a7rOK7relv V o 1 oo , vov 4 Ta1Xo T P olo 8 o Wv, 8WoVe& ?fruvyv av r vXi s.

SieYdv rtV /CO7rTTw v A a pov avwPev ayvwo-a pt 70r 7reXKvv Kat

' 46

Jovevo-e& aX1o7-pov K7- qvo9, ScOe& avro.4

ea d7t XE'4171 /30) ov 01)vO0 KKaG EXEyXO,, Ev &7Lr1 7rO0-7'q7r

pao-treywo,9oE9 8 o-e~ e aro al 7rv Epyao-tav aTO 7rao-av.46

tP3 av

t' EKX Alat& OXcwov 8va /Sovv e a^k

7, '7•eXaa-eTa a

Jay7X7 8OlptP3pW7ro9 y dvrrTat, rvbXozo-Cow.4

"LY Eav 7T ~ y rp vaypY pb 7'va 70v t~OV 8ou o 0 ToV 'vov •

Kai (tGoxWccov ovv&w Fy ~Fer' aV5rov T Cal

•eTpov, KaL ob0c '7rLVo'a

,y aVUo IETr

abrovi aXXa droXear7a io XvoO•, c8Saro dE7vrvxoY 7a icvp P' aTro /o vv

7 0ovov. el c ~rVW?7Vv Edye ca7 VO v K 7Torov brdr~eLevE , droXoyl xra-evo w' lSvvarw" T eXoev avTrov wctpa7r79 ye?wvoaat, a'4f'7to0 EoCr.4s

Eai dp EvL e piv dV Ely V oX v /%7 T avrov Kcal ap1 Ta K rpa aVroV,

Xetpo/o7reitOL.49

16e Tdv 0rt (o XoVo

o-fda/ EV aovv \• 0vov '

ICplov vca pE , 0 vcpto avroi

ar0o&sc'•et aUTO.50

ea vde 7t9 BoVho9, 9ero de eViC7T KcXEfaat,

dreXo-EL Ec 7 r Wol1/vIr7

Ta Op9•iara, 8•t9a dc? 7 9 tdv8pa9, ical ArrXowarTat Oqptop/poTra EyVC7OV7Ta, CoVPICt vET W9 fovEv9P

,,/vwera•, dovpctvo-oo)

<6 kovweds.5

( ad V 8TO ToI L

~oq to; okXXathtv c•'fXalr KcrVrlvy Ev vvoKte 77

trMeXao-a1 vroia"Ktv vtotey rrotvtulov, 7r0l!etcaetrat o Kvptog aVoT T•

arooOr a <AT V ytc(A'oK bvao7rt TBv o•GXov, avro5 86 ovp\ct refo5.52

g7 eaV Vr? eqpy

v • ?r pat6e•ovra

cal ob o-t " a'O y 70 cVPLO

abroDi d~roXatL9miB

Th t•400o, 'zX' <hroicoPn'a'y ab'rb4 h7 r )o'

ovpoco r#GI, ob

hapkdves abroy d IcdPIow aUroD UhC'

ha/.3aVves

&Alby r' ab'o.53

44 x 0 pvya? corrected from 8putbpv S wpo- cXxe MQS ; spoOx- GP &XXo rl] Xhho rb PS ; &•Xov rb Q; axx' 6i lM

. oTov] om M.

4 5A dal &yzwoLa GS rbv] rb S we-

xEKPv GM and perhaps S; w•ivKa

Q epoetr i P

Tr71vos] rLvov Q 8td(-c6- QS)rW PQS. 46 ,a 'XxexOBs Q Eiv ir. wro. aanr.] om

P =aCrTxO6s Q daeLt N aibrbV PQ. a7 tB Od6hwv KXh/4at PS Onlptodporos N

After rv•-xAo•Ow

Q adds: 6 ro'rw B wofiras. 4 8ty E'A6Oow P; Q puts f',XeO after Gvou

ro)i vouV] yov Q ,,8cwv ?rbv (rb GS) rMtop

A av4PdLeL P Kai rby 'repov Q obKc] , MN, but in N it is above the line abdrbv PQ EAr' abvroi] perh roi703 1ov PQ haroX-atQ P XAvu KeSl P IrA7v1wv] UvvLwyP Q ; U oTov P tP vvev Q didE•e eV MN &vpvdrws] &dtva-ros d-el

-S abrov hrVIc. yev.] d 4?rpaTRs Cabroi 7Y veaL P

irwrpaT7cat abTbv Q abVT S.

49 •u•

~-Epby after Bo v in Q arb S Kpe'a P] xpnti N ; Kpat'e M ; KyOL QS.

5o je after -- in S rtvbs P roda'?q o0- Nos P ~'a] om A & voV z Kxpov] cplo• 'v P

6 Kvlpros av-rovi] 6 pteds'rov S ; 6 'roiroov KdICPOS P ar4dv PQ.

, u;- before Ie in S; are&wEXo P 77es

ol/Avls. .. .Adv8pas]

7 rs 4xYdvpas ra Opeq.a'ra PQS r7is lAdvypas

ard irpo'Bara G &aw5AXovrat PN 07 OlproS. yev.] o0m G OnpCdhAwra M C s] 6 P After covEo's G adds: e Kal K Ocptd0,8pwra

yEwr'OTat. 52 ju c ] before Iv vUrl GQ; om P woX- hdKts] om A OLwL rotPl'wo'otoELt G rwoL.wVioU Q

wroXX(-cox- G)6(-4- P -C- GS)•eva

A 0oi8-

Xov abvro M abv'b s 6 ' oi;Aos

o Q cpoVupdc'Lrac

P. 5/ ,77 Ts ,E.

r. w.] EpEf•'e okSs rpaLEdwev P o]] plM Q

rapa•co•.e

GPQ arb S Trof




tO eav TrV evpy Xo'pov v

7rpa•i, 41 rpo/arov t c7vva, 7rapa6co~Let

avro d,

rpCroTo0C 7 icyplt avToL* elTa Kcai wapa8aca "eVrTEpov,

rrapafy(etiE 7T K)vpLj avTo"

Tb C

7Tp0,TOV OVPOKO7rE l7 7roiKOVrEi 7 TO?eVie

avTo, (aveyKXT(O7:54

v cav 8ol0^ oy eleX8cv ENov cv ac rev i" cxv T'rXw, ' y "v Ea3 oVoE

'TOD •Ot

rr7roXov" ElV T1 7OVS a/U~rXov rdapov q4 To0r Itcrov KcaL aKroaavy, fqtLLtoq -T(r 0

KVpoC TO a•pL7reXovo

VO 7 TO it 7rOV.55

va Eav 3o049 A) vo 'Xw0v eto-EXOEtv V a/L7reXhovtL

9 ev ICi7Wc

E/w4rapp

EV TOlv 701o fparyl•Jol 7rndXotc, d 0)Ttttoq orT ( 70T ic77rov tcpto.5

v3 aev Tte Oyo'y

tdayyavov Ev T 7 tpCeP) TCov capprwiv Kacal E/Lr7o'

iv

aVTOV •~cdOV v X oipoT ia~a 'O y, ,'to( 0r" Todv rov icVpto;.5

vy "av Ttv dic

/.tt' cal a evT7pa IcaTa/3oX• rrpala rrpatevaav

ovewoa' ob rwapa&~w%'t Tb 54ov 7 cvpo, abroi tva

d-roX~,/3 'riv

c7apa 6av abrovi, &S T7w o"7rp rOV wevrv.58

v6 c dv tA 7 EytcKXeloKi Xo pov i c vva ICal StafAelpy, dv &w0Xj woo~6T or

Ct7ro 7CrOOt.59

ve cav icva wrottzavovTa ta v oveTpav o o oaaoovy XAAa 7ylrrLt

9yplwv JoSov dEv 7 CLdv8pa9, /LETEr7ELera &tayvwo-aO9 Tyy

vtva

bovedvo-a%, rr-aav 7rIv ayE•Ytv T 7rO ol/v T0T& I T e&

rT cal 7aT7

Tt/,A, 9

70To) KcVvV.60

cvpiov S ShroX. Trb Ad80os] om. A a'bTb S F v4Xda)l] om M M rvc Xdrn a'Tbv P P obpo-

,or0o•dr] om P ob AcpBcdvet] obicape^ P abrrb S

xacutdvei] AdjBl P; xhds/t Q over an erasure

&v7' avbrov &Axov S After abroi Q adds: Tb

abvr& ical r epl vGov. 5 4ue0 E'pot P rpai~a N; rpaT18a is some-

times treated as indeclinable. See my apparatus to vy 3 and De Boor's to Theophanes, pp. 178, 14; 218, 7; and 451, 20 iai 7rapa-

dr~il G rapaod•rie

P abv'b PS] abc'bv GMNQ

dv pc'r6~s Q r5 Kcvp(? abr'ro0] om P

E•r• G

ial wrapa8~.as ~e',repov] rEVTrepOcas Sal

rapaad.- oas A rapayyAXei] rapayye•imhl

N ; rapay-

,l?n 0,

obpoKoirre] obpoKoda7rr1(-E, Q) abrbwv

GQ; obpoCoCrx aCbb S ; doyroico•oret

P 4 'T-O. KOwrE] . AyOKorio'n (-EL S) GS; 6rWKOri EL

abTrbv Q ; oipoco•raet ab'-bv P

,roIVtEL] ToIEV'a (-e QS) A ab'rb N] ab7rb PQ; om GMS &vey-CXiws N]

&v'y(&vEt,- Q &v'- S)-

KhNros 0'7w (EOTtv G) MA MQ add : rb abrb ?8 ial ElS t ra (Q inserts rb oTor oBv) ICrvos.

5 5 5 6vos] om PQ OXoAwv elaOEXOiE M

dV cr9] om Q ial ccdf'/AretE S 'rpd4o GMQS; TdpPov P

o70 KiTrou 7'OO &/ATe-

hXAvos P. 56 va OEAV P & &w P XWP KEawr S

TO7V oIrov]

7ris A&/reIov TOO I(-G- Q -El -S),WoU PQS.

57 v$ OJo'] rr-Tras P dv iaipA PQ 7ir-

icapwrv S ; 7~Wa OepWv P

d.WE'•Cot

P Xo[pos NP XopoS o &AAo (&AXov Q) rT ICvOS MQ

To'rov] T70oO aCyydvov MA. 58 vy ical] P wrpalCas rpalfevoav] 7rpat-

Beras ?4 MN; 7rpat(-E- S)BEaoas GS; rpat(as PQ Trb 3ovJ] om Q; roOI Cuplov MP 7rpa78av PS] 7rpaisav Q; rpa7ia GMN 8•Tw A MN add : 6 varoiKeLoas &XAAdTrpov Opiqia ,al

rpo0pns ltacpeipas &hAAwoAT•s &veAv eIs T'r

8tlrAd&lov icwaTaKSKd&ETa. M treats this as a new chapter and numbers it

p,. It agrees

closely with Ecloga, xvii. j. 59 V8 P begins fol. 99 v with chapter va and

e & has on the left hand upper margin i uv edyKteoel N N Xopov

EYK•eL(-71- QS)o"(-et Q) A

vâ &~Xdrptov P 8tacpOap^ P &arorliet P

A add abr4Yv (abrT GS). 60 Ve dv TIts KtVa 7rLotl/eVos Q 7rot/E'vav4VTa

S oVboCOIoXoyiir7 QS IPosoov Q IETd•r(WCra Q itayvwaOeeq P 6

4pove1o'as 'bS y Cdva

GS; 6 cpove•s Tro,

KIvbs (Ktdvov Q) PQ &yeAy77r) ahcr(-o- Q)AEiav PQ oZs rolvlvs Q Bw(-o- P)- odr A cKvJvs] icovov Q.




vY Eav Tv; r7np 4pdXp ev qi Ly 1ai 7 CV 4ryp KIcat o vti/3 &avpa.etv TO n-vp Kcat

ac-fv, o'tcovg4

eycdap'nrovs ypoiv, ovc KaTa•tKa•cETat eav ov/c

dv roXX* ave/, prorTo V7•Erorl.EV.61

v: oKatwv bpog aXX7rptov vAo74 KtodrTv e'vpa adXXopta el 7To twrXdc-tov Kaa8at6dae7Tat.

,y icatOv 'CLnr Xoov pay ov 7vr',7nevo9 oo-pat ~L'eOw -

) XE p a'ro (LXX& cal qpcat 4ovOw &wXev 'rv $Xdfylv.62

vo K7oTTWav

W/.a47eXOV9 aXXoTp/lag IKCwpwovp 7 2ag avaorTv& Xetpok'o-

&Tel)a7o ?ptoe1Lot.;LeVO.63

o • t70 /cA ?CoTOy0 6•.eptGo elo .epPXO/,t

eo dv aoTVplta avhXaotp i~ al

IKdTOrVTv C8tpara 4 a• 7rdXvaw 7 o-wrpta rTv XtTOvV p 'replo-wO-av ,Pao-t ~LeVOt.64

4a ol •v

ap7-ekoL ) ovicaLt aXXorTplatvc e~lopXd o evot, tel tpev /pwewo

eveKe•V, VOwot,

ero-oav'- eL of KXo, r•" TV7TTO L EVOt XtT~V Ow o-TapeCo-Owo-av.

SoL KtcKxETOVTe? appoTpov n VvnV vy• OV 77 epa •7L.tovto-amoar icara TIV

7rocoTrTa TOW vlqepw v' ~d b' 7 cKXe-.a EyVeTo, KcaO'

";co-T3v ob6X?t9L

80)8elca.66

$y oi KaiOV-re9 &lpagav aXXo-rplav 2 /cX4rTovTeS9 Tiv SWrX\v 7o00-TTa 67 aroTV•VLVdTo-avA.

SoL ov li"Xwtv dv rlovlato FalaXXovT-e 'ip r7rpk a/,

vav d.Xpwv 7rvpKicavrTOtL aEowo-av.

f.e ol dtv otic(t XOpTov 7\

aXvpov dlXXhovT•7e

w7p X&tpoKOwErr~t'Oo-av."

ol ,caracTr&vrTe?

o'Kove aXXOTrplov? avapXw" a ?aXpePoivfe9 cpayLodv, h(09 è Ta "a T jpdaav

re.v

2 KTo-av7-e, XUepoKiorelo-Owo-av.70

61P ~ M prefixes to this chapter in capitals Wrepl ljrptr/LAWv d4z$8dAos P dv ahypf] &ayp& NiM 5ropal.teTv Tb erp] Tb

6'bp 5pa/.eiv Q cKavat PQ ivE'apris S ob A] om M; in N it is added above the line by a later hand

obvc iv] over an erasure in G ; iv M To0iro wer.] 7TOvro i7roleEv Q ; drotloe rb oroLroov P ; rov'rov oVbK irol0e'v S.

62 vrl a&lgre•avos P Xe-pa G ; see Due.

1744. 63; v &AAo'rplas] Before a&7r,'Aovs in M,

after a&vao•7rw

in P; AAorplovs GQS. 64 5 ro) iapo P; rvi Kaip-v Q AAXo'rplw

GMPS Kd7rrovr•e] iXE'7rovrTE PQ Ed-a'Tra

Q ardXozas Q XLrdvv N. 65 a hA~rEaors S S os GS ; oaVIcor Q

&AAho'piots GS; omn Q EwEzCV] C'veyICV S ;

om P XdPLV] iUVEKEV G ; FVEK(a PQ ; E'veyicev S. 66 8 bvv NPQ] gIvjv G; own-v S; x'n1v

NM There is the widest diversity among the

authorities as to both spelling and accentuation of this word. vubv ?4 r'Tepa] Ctytorrpa P ; cvyo}o aOTepa Q KaTr] om Q a' ?Js 771'pas

GPS Tb K6aOE2dS7r;v S ; icaO' i CKdaT7 7"I- pav PQ qd pAes P; qdxxLes Q; d4A~ S.

67 Sy xaLovzres] corrected from cAl•7rovres in S KcAE'rwvrTes Q ickr'Tov'Tes] ical es Q ?v 8•thrA wo7odrT7rt P

crarvaeTEOwav G.

68 I O /ovPiazs] Ou/oviazs M This is the accentuation of all my manuscripts bicdA-

Awv'r•ES Q 7pbs a. '. v. •aTr.] X~epoKcorrerOw6oav PS tlA.tvav G. 69 e is omitted by S but the next chapter is

correctly numbered Ed'jAdAAovres Q. 7o 0i- &vdpXws] is added in N in the lower

margin axupvlovOvres Q cppa-yabv P 1s ls... ICTLOWavTs] This is the original reading

in P afterwards corrected to tr-e

& '-Maa upvAdaat

j rlTaLa tppdatavras QS t •irToamv'es]

g jriT- avrTas S; om Q. The parchment part of N




0 o Tozovr Xdptv Xap,67re- waypov Kat 7rXel rcv T wr~- Xp6oov

oavotr Kapvrt?g61evOt, ncr1ctrOo' 6

dKpoa7r- a d'7ro\ 7 (; r7aerTia9 icat T7v

av(o 7rao-av KaL rTv KaTCD icaTa r T 7 i/4L- tav eloopav TottXroaLTr el9

•cEaXatov.71 0 EP4 opm (ebvptowKooevo9. KXA7rT(O LTOJ TV7rTi-0) (A aOnke' EJ

7pdO7TOt eKaTOV K 7at T dO ?OV T&)I KVpip 7rotCT' E 8\ 6K 6evTEpOv far ,u/.za- ooel' 86\6cT rpt ov bavj, q v &trX^ 7roTOr7Tt

q7rt7/tO;,

70) KXtLW el 6"

pIV,

rvko or-Ow.72

0 0 E VK7VT KXce"r7Tv Otvov 7rdiov 77E/ c X?7vov ? a7 ro 0V77iov 777 aI;v bO/r3o-,dc&,-6h wowji ica6lo iTn dr 7cp Kec/Pv caXali ylypa-

7rrTa71.73

o o01 /.TrpOV rov Ka oLvov Koxop/Ov EXOVTE7e cal Iz• ~ aKoXovOov~'rE

r dapXala 7rarTporapao oe0t dXxa S " alaoXpoKoptlav 7raph t a 3ar•a/Eteva

wrTpa tiKXa ,Xovre rT7r-Eo-•o-av ce ad'e'pes,4.

oa 0 0rapa8ov'; 7rpo0 vol I7V KTV?7 806X1) lVeV el o eo w Tov? Kvptov abro i, cal 6 0oIXo

7rwcoX•l o avr ?i tiXX&w 7rwc dXpE•stoo-, d7r7jo, to6-r

0 "8o0Xo; cat o 'Ic6ptoq abTroiV.

op eav a(v et8,qo/et roi Icvplov

6 8o0oo wrrapa.•~3y,

oa•r8 or7e

Op•l.qaTa Kat KaTa yy aT 7 XXo' 7rw09 tavioEt, O Kipto O70

80"Xov TO ct/Xag3E 7rotEl7 7T)& KVp•I

ab7jv.76

oy v 7rapepX9l'ral rtE dO 0E Kct EVpl KpeKCXao-tuvov 7 aTroXX velvov

KcTrVO( icatal oruXayXvtco-Oe /?JVvoeEt, 0 K EC PO' 70Ti KTr7VOVq v7-ro#lav Xet

7W r7Vlvr7nv 7rE7rOVwpe6'V-Oat,

oLoo-aTdrWL 7repl T?1 Kdo-ew(, 7rept 8\ 7

tvXrwoXEla.a Lrl')7c I avaKptveo-o.77

ends here at the bottom of f. 194 v. The Farmer's Law is continued on a leaf of paper in a 16th century hand. I do not give its readings.

71 &( aypobs PQ 7r Alwv Q pav@OT A]

pavcpws M MapwrSid~rvoL rby aypby PQS a'rb rhey brraErhavy P T? &Vvw w7FlV

ra• I reY KdTrw ar K ah 7r•)/A .] T')y &VW Ka'C r

rarav TVy IardC

rjv (Ka'' G) •4piErtav , n Ehlapav M ; iEK-

cpophv GQS OrvX•drw

S 'T S KecAcuca S; KEpa-

A4V M. 72 ?_q P has in the margin: repl roO iEv 'p...

IA7'rovros v bpiLY] voplw MQS ; iev Wpeiw P; dv &ptow G See my note, Rhodian Sea-law, p. 106 rbv kTroy PQS ISAATLe YV Edv rpc- roLY] iEv 7rpArTS /pc'rTV Q ; E'v rphorOLs

dL'r'yas P Tr Kiuplyc] roi KUvpLov ab'roi Q ; iv Jpo7TOsS M; oni P

rOLELT•WrTi Ka(7v,'rT P pavewl'7 P

CV 8t7. woo. 7l/A.] 'rvwrdT-eivos

(P71/mol'eOw ?v i 8trA WroTrrd7lrt P r KAEarr M eL Ical d' PQ

73 0 ' 6] oM I E'I riOov olvov PQ EICAvoV

M; yCrxKArvo S O &arb our'riov] om GPS

bVrosW4A?OKETO Q; 5wro,$AiaOw G caOcos] KaOb &v Q cKacos. .. yeyp.] Kal abvbs (?)G; om PS.

7 4 After otvov Q adds: -itl dAs8tov Kal ,i&pov Kal K ai ] Ah P Trj &PX. rwapowr.] ?v

wrarp•IhCv pXapaorap~'oTrov /de'TpTGrtv P rarpb-

rapbd81el S; rarpwrapa8dot?

M ; wracrp6a 7rapa- 8(Goet Q 7rapa 8ta'r.] "rap&

r a'reT'rv-

vroudva Q; rapa•r~vrwWc/va

P t6Ia .icErpa

P

7&pa 63Ka E'XOVres] om Q vWr'oOi w &ls &ae- O1s Q.

75 a wrapatiobs A o6iAw iKiV P oiA(.] om Q Kal d K rorov 6 oi0xos P P

cWA•rOaes P ?] om S arTw Kal 6 GQS. 76 oo In the margin P has: rWepl 80oXwv

ah•rpta Opq;p.a'a 0IoLpLE•YV'rW

'roi Kvpov

abvro PQ 6 aoOxos is put before ro KVpt'O in Q and after wapaAdxy in P ofa ai7ore

Opei'aura] oTwa] 8roTE 'rpd•Ww P Lampd-yot Q avb'ra] om P alr6.v] ab'roi M ; rTv OpePdTrwv A.

77 o y rappxe~rac MP rwoXAdo(-o- QS)- uevov PQS crTvovs S

oa7raxvy•0eS S ; orAcwa-

Xvia'Oes GM 9X7 P eWvorVpe6eaOaL PQS 6)wodriw P iafvM PQ.




8o 6 1aOeElpwov aXX rpov Kt7Vo E oLaorroorE 7rppo0 e.aE

taytvlvo-KEC evo 7Vb aOTp.ttov 'VotLEr&7

r 7 ICVpli) awTroi.

o0E &"baoElpo) KlVa TO '79

E'7rtB77&7t fappaKOUv 'Xa/3av' rC

MaoG-Tya? icaTov E caL TO 8t urcwTo-7ov 7i1 77To 7rO cKVVOS O6L7m 7& 3Kcvpl aVro0 EL c Kaca

ro•.7eta 7•1? oolaY/ vl••9yovev, 7raV'oV m V ~ lav 6

4ovev. 8TC(~0r C a'toq 8a90opa^

a 70

oKVVbo yey7ov(C0

LapTrvpe•.-aOw 0 KVoV i at, el tOqpto/axo q2v, o qrpoet7ropev CTF7C ell• 8 aerXo 'cal•

ETvXe, Tru7rToY/ 7; fT7V 70iV TO KVVO Kat t tvov &6rtoo.7.

or dav /.axo/ihvov 8•0

ocvov 6o o70o

EVO9? tPLO~ o o-e 7t•T

aXXoTrpl~ afLETa 1i 2 E Pa80 ~ X1Oov, Kcal IKc 727 7rXqy77 EIeFLV? rvA00q^ 2)

iaVro q'rvy ) XX' T e7rKIvvov

o,,, ra dojLov re tUpl)

avroVD rotroaaq XappavrT ftao-trtyaq Eca.80

o• rtvtq Ov Kva

vvo'-rrrv KarE67ratpoieeOvov roV o-vvv6o/ovu

avrov v7rayyp•t-V

Tbv Kvva rTv UUVaOrT7r7v

Kaara TV aO9Eve-TrvTpov ItvvCOv, icat o-vL3 cKvXXoA2Ovat Kviva

r•va 2 a7rolaveiv, 7Tb A\ TItov 7T Ocvpli(

av'ov rrv oto-a Xa~pavTrm /dea'rTya9 8•icKa.81 o0 'av 7 t feplta9

7rnv eavTroV fepl8a, 78Tv 7rXr lov aVrov /epl'8&ov ') OepwtoVrE, elov etay Ty 7a Eav'roK itcr7V7r Ka• /AXOyv T70o

7TrX27lolo av'rov Epydao-7rrat, T7v7rr7eO&) )airya9 rpta'covra Kat Tro

'/ OV' T&

kage o .82 Xa/3E'v7-I 7LaETCOh.

oO Vd 719 7pvy o-Thr) ) '7tov a .ro'3 . aTVreXoova

Kcat OvTwv a7pUVy77.TV &LEpi•Oyv

7•VCov eloayay•7 T7 t'ta ic7rvy,

rvarrEO&w /dortrTat 7PptaKOVTa

Kat TO (47o1t0V

o tIXa,86vrt 7toteMr0E .3

7r eaV 7T avapXco9 ME v Ev V 7a 7LtV KO•d

O aMEr'XovV 2) )'XXo rT otov o0v ev8p0ov,

)etpoiKoeo7..-84 ra dv vT oiccv dv X wpI 8tayvay ,7rdorov KOLVOV 'vra e7rtr?1etov

e6I Epya7 )r1pov pCAov Ka\ TOoTroV 7rpOKara-Ta,,

T1eXta" •8E7 T 7v T70

78 o8 8tayrtvwKoAYlis G 70O Kvpov M. 09 oE

drto'Tdrwl4rapdcwQ elCQ al]e'8M radcav PQS 6 ooveoroas GS 6tacOopass]

171s 8ta=Owpas Q; om P ro Kv70 v s] 7rjs Tro Kuvbs pvxaKcIs GPS; r70 cvxbs r70 KVV6bs vA- acc's Q ~ E al 6 Q ica ~l] Q

1rpoel•ra- Aevr S 88t;dw oral Advov PQ ~dvnv M. so0 o0- wv S W"77 P &X.Xorpiov G

4 (1st)] ~ Kal P &AAov Q r0 o vpiov M

vocias] WoL17O Q ; o7roLeTro 6 4ovels P Aajt$.

lpaCr. c868eKa] om PQ c5EKa] om GS. 81 OC KLVYta 8 vd'7rlY] KlYoa o8vva'y

r M ; 8UVva-

T•' KzbVa Q

KtTa•reEP~o'/vov GS ;

Kac•4repd(-dl- P)-

IeAvos MP ; Ka'reWpdpez Q OvvYl4AoVs] vdopovs M ab^rof] ab'rTv M

bravyyp'o-o S; brayypo-lq G;

'arayypio-et MP ; lb7rayypelo- Q vvacrbv MQ

T•i•VO &O.

KVo v] Trv

; OEOvE'oTrepoV K6ba Q ;

'iV• aoeJ04ETrE'pwv GP; Tb 0revef'orTpov S avl3afcet

P ivXA. i Va 'rva] ab'bv KhVAwOirvaL G; ivA- wO7)Yvar TLya PS ; KVXXW7lvaL Q aroOdavl

Q 7ro0i Kpiov GMS. 82 on is given twice in M ; once (numbered

oa) before o and once (numbered oy) after it. I quote the readings of the first version as MI, of the second as MA2 Oeploas rls P ab'roOi MIG 7rXntwov GM 2'S peplias M2 eloa- ydyor P; eocdCyn M2 ab'roi M'G c"rOs Q

ro s 7rX. aCbro i dpy.] ro0tLre irC 7V &•av'roi rhX77?Ow

Mi2 hrX'aMwv S; 7rX~1ioL Q ad-roOi]

om PQ epycdo'7raL] Tro4Oerat M1 7rpldKovra $ MI After &C?lAsLov G inserts 'rC: Kupw ph 7'js Aolpas 1Yovv.

83 oO Kal] om P a&vrpvyiQrwv M al eLo-aydyor P

K•voL Q 'rpldKov'ra $ G.

84 ;W VdPXS Q p Kd4?fE M M[reAcXvas

Q XXAov 'b Q ; AXXSd 'ri b GP.




epyao7t-7piov T7XelWoav- Eia v q T rOXCpOov OW7'71 oKa7aTaooat 7r TOV

epyao7-lplov KvplZ tC t fo rw 7r OL TO poKaTraoXoVTr•,

TrrauaV T7V

ofetXo/e"?v. av'r 3tc oo-a'Tv

KCaTa/oX v eb9 T7 V TDo pyao-T)ypLov 'ooOV

Kcat E7o'TaTa KowU)oT& 7~ irpoepyao-apl~V.85

7eav ueptepwbElaC r74 e Too ' p?ov XW yrP e9Vp 7t9 El 7Of ta /epIt t L

ro7rov e'Tr0

7•retoEv ,

Ey EpryaO77ptoV pUvXov Katl imrt/LeXhy'rl7at av'rov, oKc

'XovUL v l~etav oI 7TcV L aXXov 'epl&OV yE.wpyOt .Xyew T 7 wept TO 70t0To70V

yUAXov.s"

7rf/ ea, V V•bOp Ep87ot

XOPp dpta q7 aL/TreXXova9, To ET 7•- TLCVV(

epXo/evEoVT, T~o aXa/3

o70, V 7OV

7rOtetL•O el E0 tU7,

ap•ettW 0 ,LVXko0.87

e 'a\v ol0 aV•O•vraL Tv XwpaCiov o0 OEv:XootwV

v' a 7St•pXlrat

To 0r

p

8sth 7r•ov avbr7(Wo XwpaCI~tv, .aeta EXYETrWtl.

werr eav epyo evpy,

/ov 8 XX^rpto v arka daXko rpPi' 7rrpas•ev-

ovra Kat oV KaTrauyv•TetL

7 r

Zi a•7a•,oG

KXXa 8tat O3vXrlOe a cpovETEVOt 77 Kkicret 9 1El 7ra"XwL E7-6Epe l, ?qLLWj77W T

doXOKX'pov.8

WALTER ASHBURNER.

sra o•r k'ov xwplov Q 8tayvC~TEL M

7rpoKa'arcXe M ; rpoxa'rawaXreV Q i] o1 M T Oi X. *. K. Tc] om M KoSLVd77s] •LoV7

P aCra-

BdL•otL Q f 74] byV PQ

K~poOV P; om Q

81sov] Y77 G; ' S Trby

~KOLVbV] Kal KOLIVbV P

wpoKaraTaXdvra P abvroAs A radrwaav

GPS KoIVo? S

rpoo-pyaaO-aE'w P.

86 7T L-epoO4oC•E Q e~pot P After

pIXov MQ add : b oov oab (ob M). 87 vy is treated as part of last chapter in

BGS iav s8 BGS XoWPdPLto P AIWe'hovs G 7i P ets bTy puthov G dpPXOI.Yrw P

ToT•~wV] 70to;7 Q; om BGPS 6 I6hos] omt BGPS.

8s r-g d&v] av M, space being left for a rubricated initial. The rubricator has neglected to fill it in, as he has also neglected to number

the chapter abe•v,'res

S OeAWOL,

P] OE'ovorv BGMS ; O• tare Q abrrcv XwpalP•wv] xwpa- (piwv av'rav BGS ; Xwpapltwv Q.

re e'poL PQ 8oi0v . . &XAAorpI] ?v &'-

AreW foivO & pAArpLOR BGS areXivA @ Q c AAo-

rpla P, with which word it ends at the foot of f. 100 v. o;] AI Q a LCgeraL Q po-

VrIeet] om G KAdErt] Kanr BGS 'v] om BGS

ejrEpep] /IAapel BGS; E',urpeL Q ; rPvapeZ M

OhOiCXspwS GQ BGQS end with 7re. M

goes on as follows: 7r 6 apxeovs Le',rataILV•cas 8povs

31 K?al bY •&ypYov rtvs Bia o

'aicore cuwv Kpca-

AXK C rS TIwpeL'OcO. (No number) o0 (om M) ra 6poO6e'oa wriV

&y•pv &varpE'Wo"rres 'E&v i:rtdo'ol

e•lt al Ka8 e'pBos YtoV 'roiro 'roX7h.d l 'rV7r'rW-

lior 8tarniveKws edops~aeo'o'wav.



Ashburner_FarmersLawI

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