Group Activity 4
1.0 Introduction
1.1 History of Toyota
Picture 1.0 Kiichiro Toyoda The Man behind the NameBorn in 1894,
Kiichiro Toyoda was the son of famed inventor and entrepreneur
Sakichi Toyoda, and the driving force behind the establishment of
Toyota Motor Corporation. An engineering student at the University
of Tokyo, he then travelled to England, where he worked at a
leading manufacturer of textile machinery. Toyoda later went to the
United States to study American manufacturing techniques. After
returning to Japan and working at his father's loom-making business
(Toyoda Industries Corporation) for a while, he began his research
into automotives by first dismantling and reassembling an imported
motorcycle.After his father's death, Toyoda purchased a new
Chevrolet and brought in some of Japan's top engineers to
disassemble and reassemble it. By 1934, Toyoda and his team had
designed and built their first gasoline-powered engine, and
convinced stockholders to fully fund his new division. In 1935
Toyoda built the prototype for the first car, combining Japanese
components with American parts under a Chrysler body, in what was
called a Model A1.By July 1935, Toyoda vehicles were manufactured.
In1936, the spelling of the nameplate was altered from Toyoda to
Toyota, as Toyoda himself believed the new name was easier to
pronounce. The auto division gained success quickly, and was spun
off as a separate business from that of his fathers.In 1937, the
Toyota Motor Corporation was established, with Toyoda as Vice
President. Four years later, Toyoda became president.1.2 History of
Toyota Prius
Picture 1.1 History of Toyota PriusThe Toyota Prius, and hybrid
cars in general, may seem like a fairly recent addition to the
automotive landscape. In actuality, the Prius has been on sale for
more than a decade and a half, and development of the vehicle
started almost twenty years ago.In fact, the word Prius means
before in Latin which, according to Toyota, is due the Prius being
developed and introduced to the market long before environmental
awareness and fuel economy became an integral part of our cultural
landscape. As the price of gas started to climb rapidly in the
middle of 2000s, and a cultural changing of the guard began as
people began to question their need for a full sized Hummer to
commute to and from work, the Prius suddenly became one of the most
in-demand cars money could buy.Toyota has since expanded the Prius
family to include 4 separate model variants of the hybrid, and is
continually refining its hybrid technology to stay on the cutting
edge. Lets take a closer look at the birth and development of the
worlds first mass-produced gas-electric hybrid automobile.Debuting
in concept form at the Tokyo Motor Show in 1995, the first
generation Prius went on sale in Japan in December of 1997. With
slow initial sales, it wouldnt be until several years later, as a
2001 model, that the Prius would become widely available in other
regions of the world, as some retooling needed to be done in order
to accommodate the driving demands of customers in countries like
the US and Australia, where higher speeds and long distance driving
is more common.For the 2004 model year, the Prius was completely
redesigned as a 5-door hatchback/wagon vehicle. This design would
go on to become the classic shape of the Prius. This redesign also
included retooling the placement of mechanical elements of the
hybrid system, allowing for both more rear legroom and cargo space,
as well as reduced wind resistance, helping the second generation
Prius achieve even better gas mileage that the previous generation
vehicle. This more useful design would prove significantly more
successful than its predecessor. However, it wasnt until the fuel
price debacle of 2008 that the hybrid began to see broad
popularity. With an EPA rated fuel economy average of 48mpg city,
45mpg highway, the Prius found sudden and widespread adoption by
consumers looking for a way to protect themselves from the wildly
fluctuating fuel prices and a general uncertainty about the future
of fuel costs, and by May of 2008, Toyota announced that Prius had
reached one million cumulative sales. By of September of 2010, that
figure exceeded 2 million.Following the Priuss sudden success,
Toyota expanded the Prius line to include 3 additional variants for
the 2011 model year. The first of these models is the Prius Plugin
Hybrid, which trumps the original Prius in terms of fuel economy by
allowing the vehicle to be driven exclusively on electric power for
approximately 15 miles per charge.The second new addition to the
Prius family is the Prius V. The Prius V is a larger vehicle than
the classic model, adopting a more wagon-like shape, resulting in
more than 50% more interior space than the original Prius
design.The third variant added to the Prius line up is the Prius C.
Smaller than the classic Prius design in terms of both size and
price, the Prius C, the EPA ranks the Prius as the most fuel
efficient non-plugin vehicle available today.It appears that
Toyotas foresight about the oncoming importance of fuel economy
paid off, as the Prius continues to be the best-selling hybrid
vehicle on the market today and with Toyotas numerous patented
innovations in the realm of hybrid technology, that trend is likely
to continue for the foreseeable future.
2.0 Objective
The objectives of this task are :2.1 To ease the passenger with
the large volume of space at the rear bonnet car.2.2 To find out
the satisfaction of driving the car2.3 To observe the lack of the
car either from the feasibility or its design.
3.0 Scope and Limitation
3.1 The focus is at the interior and exterior design3.2 Based on
the needs of consumers of the car amenities3.3 Involving
modification, magnification and rearrange to solve the problem
4.0 Problem Element
Below are the technical specifications of the car before the
problem elements are identifying.
4.1 Technical Specification of the Prius
Figure 4.1 The dimension of Prius
1. Dimension
1.1 External dimensions
Length:4480 mm
Width :1745 mm
Height :1505 mm
Wheelbase :2700 mm
2. Weights And CapacitiesNote: Kerb, tare & payload weights
are nominal and will vary depending on options and tray/body type.
Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) is the total permissible combined weight
of the vehicle, including occupants, fuel and cargo.2.1 Weights
Kerb weight :1425 kg
Gross Vehicle Mass:1805 kg
2.2 Seating
Seating capacity : 5
2.3 Cargo area dimensions
Cargo area loadspace volume (L) : 4452.4 Fuel tank main
Capacity (L) : 45 Fuel type : Premium unleaded
3. Engine
3.1 Engine
Engine type : Petrol Engine code : 2ZR-FXE Capacity (cc) : 1798
Engine description :Four cylinders, in-line, Atkinson cycle, chain
driven DOHC , four valves per cylinder with variable valve timing,
aluminium block and cross flow-head with compact permanent-magnet
electric motor and separate generator.* DOHC operate the engines
valves in a precise and controlled way. This helps increase power
and efficiency. Number of cylinders : 4 Configuration : In-line
Head composition : Light alloy Variable valve timing : Standard
Variable valve timing type : VVT-i Valve gear type : DOHC Number of
valves per cylinder : 4
3.2 Fuel Fuel type : Petrol/electric Fuel type octane no. : 95
Minimum fuel octane number : 95
3.3 Power Maximum power kW : 1003.4 Secondary engine power
Maximum power Kw73
3.5 Hybrid Systems Hybrid TypeSeries : parallel Hybrid - max
system output : 1003.6 Fuel system Injection type : Multi-point
injection Ignition type : Full mgmt ctrl
3.7 Fuel consumption - ADR 81/02 Fuel consumption - combined
(L/100km) : 3.9 Fuel consumption - urban (L/100km) : 3.9 Fuel
consumption - extra urban (L/100km) : 3.7Note: Fuel consumption
will vary depending on driving conditions/style, vehicle conditions
and options/accessories3.8 Emission control level Combined co2 g/km
: 89 Australia - greenhouse rating : 9 Australia - air pollution
rating : 8.5
4. Drivetrain
4.1 Drive Driven wheels : Front4.2 Transmission Transmission
type : Automatic Number of gears : Variable Transmission
description : Continuously Variable Transmission*Continuously
Variable Transmission (CVT) is a highly efficient transmission
which has infinite gear ratios. It uses cones and pulleys to make
continuous, seamless adjustments so that ideal gear ratio is used
at all times. Further benefits are a smoother and more efficient
transmission.
5. STEERING
5.1 Steering Type : Rack & Pinion*Rack and Pinion item is a
rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a pair
of gears which convent rotational motion into linear motion. A
circular gear called the pinion engages teeth on a linear gear bar
called the rack, rotational motion applied to the pinion causes the
rack to move, thereby translating the rotational motion of the
pinion into the linear motion of the rack.
6. Brakes
6.1 Disc brakes Number of disc brakes : 4 Number of ventilated
disc brakes : 2 Front brake rotor size (mm) : 255 x 25 Rear brake
rotor size (mm) : 259 x 9
7. Suspension
7.1 Suspension front Suspension description :Independent,
MacPherson struts, lower L-arms, coil springs and ball-joint
mounted anti-roll bar. Suspension type : Strut7.2 Suspension rear
Suspension description : Semi independent, torsion beam with
trailing arms, strut-type coil springs and gas damper units.
Suspension type : Torsion beam
8. Tyres And Rims
8.1 Tyres front Tyre width (mm) : 215 Tyre profile : 45 Tyre
rating : W
8.2 Tyres rear Tyre width (mm) : 215 Tyre profile : 45 Tyre
rating : W
8.3 Wheels front Rim type : Alloy Rim diameter (inch) : 17 Rim
width (inch) : 7
8.4 Wheels rear Rim type : Alloy Rim diameter (inch) : 17 Rim
width (inch) : 7
8.5 Tyre kit : Standard
9. Warranty / Service*New Vehicle Warranty expires 3 years from
date of first delivery or 100,000 kms, whichever occurs first.
Refer to the warranty conditions. The New Vehicle Warranty does not
limit and may not necessarily exceed your rights under the
Competition and Consumer Act 2010.
9.1 Warranty whole vehicle Duration (months) : 36 Distance (km)
: 100000
9.2 Warranty paint Duration (months) : 36
9.3 Warranty anti-corrosion Duration (months) : 60
10. Exterior
10.1 Bumpers front Colour of bumpers : Body colour
10.2 Bumpers rear Colour of bumpers : Body colour
10.3 Headlights Lens type : Complex surface Headlight bulb type
: LED 10.4 Spoiler - boot/hatch : Standard
10.5 Exterior door handles Exterior door handles colour : Body
colour
10.6 Paint Paint type : Gloss
11. Interior Trim And Seating
11.1 Seat upholstery Leather accented interior : Standard
11.2 Floor covering Floor covering in cabin : Textile
11.3 Grab handles Number of grab handles : 4
11.4 Front seat driver Front seat type: Bucket Slide adjustment:
Standard Slide adjustment type: Electric Recline adjustment:
Standard Recline adjustment type: Electric Height adjustment:
Standard Height adjustment type: Electric Lumbar adjustment:
Standard Lumbar adjustment type: Electric
11.5 Front seat passenger Front seat type: Bucket Slide
adjustment: Standard Slide adjustment type: Manual Recline
adjustment: Standard Recline adjustment type: Manual
11.6 Rear seats - front facing Folding rear seat back: 40/60
11.7 Head restraints - front seats Number of headrests: 2
11.8 Head restraints - rear seats Number of headrests: 3
12. Features
12.1 Air conditioning Climate control: Standard Rear air outlet:
Standard Climate control number of zones: 1
12.2 Ventilation system Digital controls : Standard
12.3 Moonroof front Moonroof type: Glass Moonroof operation:
Electric
12.4 Power windows front: Standard
12.5 Power windows rear: Standard
12.6 Vanity mirror - driver's side Illuminated vanity mirror:
Standard
12.7 Vanity mirror - passenger's side Illuminated vanity mirror:
Standard
13. Instrument And Control
13.1 Power steering Power steering type: Electric
13.2 Steering wheel Steering wheel type: Premium Tilting
adjustment: Standard Telescopic/reach adjustment: Standard
13.3 Cruise Control Standard Trip computer: Standard
13.4 Door mirrors - driver's side Exterior mirror adjustment
type: Electrically adjustable Exterior mirror colour: Body
colour
13.5 Door mirrors - passenger's side Exterior mirror adjustment
type: Electrically adjustable Exterior mirror colour: Body
colour
13.6 Rear view mirror Automatic dimming rear view mirror:
Standard
13.7 Windscreen wipers Intermittent windscreen wipers:
Variable
13.8 Rear window Rear window wipers: Intermittent
13.9 Headlight control Dusk sensor: Standard Main dashboard
display: Full Digital Gear position indicator in dash: Standard Low
fuel level warning: Standard Parking distance system type: Reverse
Camera
14. Storage
14.1 Glovebox Illuminated glovebox: Standard14.2 Console floor
Console type: Full14.3 Seat back storage - behind front seat(s)
Seat back storage type: Pocket14.4 Beverage holders - front seats
Number of cup holders: 2 Number of bottle holder/s: 214.5 Beverage
holders - rear seats Number of cup holders: 2
15. Lighting
15.1 Courtesy (dome) lights In footwell: Standard Delayed/fade:
Standard Map lights front: Standard Cargo light: Standard
16. Sound System
16.1 Audio system Audio includes radio: AM & FM Audio
includes single CD: Standard MP3 compatibility Standard
16.2 Speakers Number of speakers: 816.3 Remote audio controls
Remote audio controls type: Steering wheel mounted
17. Vehicle Communications
17.1 Power accessory socket front: Standard
17.2 Mobile phone additions Wireless connection: Bluetooth
17.3 Satellite Navigation System ControlsTouch screen
18. Safety
18.1 Anti-Skid Brakes (ABS) - All wheels : Standard 18.2
Electronic Brake Distribution ( EBD ) : Standard18.3 Brake Assist
(BA) : Standard18.4 Traction Control (TRC) : Standard18.5 Vehicle
Stability Control (VSC) : Standard Front airbag driver: Standard
Front airbag passenger: Standard Side airbag - front seats:
Standard Side curtain airbag - front and rear: Standard Knee airbag
- driver's side: Standard
18.6 Front seat belts driver Pre-tensioner seatbelts: Standard
Front seat belts force limiter: Standard Height adjustable
seatbelts: Standard
18.7 Front seat belts passenger Pre-tensioner seatbelts:
Standard Front seat belts force limiter: Standard Height adjustable
seatbelts: Standard
18.8 Rear seat belts centre Seatbelt type: 3-point
18.9 Rear seat belts - driver's side Seatbelt type: 3-point Rear
seat belts - passenger's side Seatbelt type: 3-point
19. Security
19.1 Immobiliser: Standard
19.2 Central door locking
Central door locking operation: Remote Cargo area cover:
Standard Remote fuel flap release: Standard
4.2 Problem element
The problem element that had identified were based on :4.2.1
Interior
i. The volume of space of the rear bonnet is not quit enough if
the rear seat is not fold down.ii. Battery replacement schedules
are unknown The panic about failing battery packs in hybrid cars is
completely unwarranted, but there are some caveats associated with
the lifespan of current energy storage systems in hybrid vehicles.
The initial analysis is quite encouraging, with older Prius models
providing nearly identical fuel mileage a decade or more after
their construction. That being said, the Toyota Prius is but one
player on the hybrid stage, and automakers make use of panoply of
battery suppliers, charging systems, and software management
systems. This doesn't mean that hybrid batteries are going to start
dropping like flies after 100,000 miles of use - far from it, with
many manufacturers providing extensive warranties that will last
for past the initial ownership period of an automobile. However,
that the industry's collective experience with hybrid battery
reliability is limited, and it's difficult to project the future
performance of various battery systems based solely on the
information that has been gathered so far.
4.2.2 Exterior
i. There is no feasibility of auto sliding sun roof. Since the
car is environment friendly with the zero emission, it also should
provide the sliding roof because it can reduce the use of air
conditioner and helps to give neutral ventilation besides it can
show more attractive design.
5.0 Solution
There are several way to solve the problems such as :
i. Modify
Problem: The volume of space of the rear bonnet is not quit
enough if there are passenger at the rear seat, the seat will cant
be fold down.Solution: Modify the car by extend its length. The
reasons to extend it because to give more space to keep more
luggage or item without folding the seat. Figure 5.1 show how to
change it space.
ii. Modify
Problem: Battery replacement schedules are unknown
Solution : Our hybrid batteries come with a warranty period of 8
years or 160,000km (whichever comes first). The hybrid battery is a
pretty substantial piece of kit, generating and sustaining
sufficient voltage to power a car in low speed situations, without
any support from the petrol engine. As you drive, you automatically
recharge the hybrid battery when you brake or slow down - one
reason why you never have to plug into the mains for a re-charge.
While the production of powerful hybrid batteries has a small,
additional impact on the environment, testing has shown that this
is more than compensated for by the environmental benefits of
driving a Toyota hybrid car. Add to this, the long battery life
expectancy and our commitment to recycling (arranged through a
Toyota dealership at no cost to owners), and you can see why our
hybrid cars have earned worldwide recognition as efficient
vehicles.
iii. Magnify
Problem : No sun roof provided
Solution : Add sliding sun roof. There are various type of
sunroofs. For this car, we choose inbuilt sunroof systems. The
Inbuiltsunroof systems have a panel which slides between the metal
roof and interior headliner, requiring some loss of headroom but
providing a full opening in the roof. All inbuilts slide inside the
roof, while some also include a rear venting feature (see pop-up),
and/or express open/close functions. Historically, inbuilts were a
metal sunroof panel painted to match the vehicle roof, but now most
are glass-panel systems with sliding sunshades (typically referred
to as moonroofs). The reasons are to let sun shine in and also to
reduce the consumption of air conditioning. Besides, it will give
the design look more stylish, attractive, modern, and sportive and
can be environmental friendly instead of gives more fun to
consumer.
6.0 Discussion
6.1 Procs
Rear sit will did not have to fold down the sit to have more
space to keep the goods and the rear passenger will more
comfortable as they can keep their goods safely. The users can know
when the can make the battery replacement and confidently to drive
it safely. The users also will have more fun for having air
freshly, a direct sun shine besides the sporty look of the
design.
6.2 Cons
To build the car for make it longer to having more space at the
rear bonnet will need a high cost There will need to find an expert
to design the life expectancy of the battery. Sometimes, the sun
roof able to jammed and will cause it can be close or open. Assume,
when there is a raining day and the sun roof could not be
close.
7.0 Conclusion
A Toyota Prius is a hybrid car as well-known as the fuel
economic car, environment friendly car, and as an exclusive car.
However, it is also have some lack besides of many advantages.
Therefore, there are some improvements as to make the users more
comfort, adore and confidently to drive of it.
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