-
Asexual reproduction: DNA of the offspring is identical to the
parent plants DNA
1. Taking cuttings- clipping off and rooting a piece of a
shoot.
2. Divisions- Divide a larger plant into smaller sections-plant
each section to make new plants. (perennials)
3. Tissue culture- remove the cells at the tip of a shoot-add
hormones to develop new plants. (lilies)
4. Bulbs- swelling of leaves or stems at the base of the plant-
can be removed and planted. (daffodils)
5. Rhizomes- underground stems- (grasses) the tip surfaces and
starts a new plant.
6. Runners- above ground stems (strawberry plants)7. Grafting-
cutting off a branch from one plant and fusing
it to another. (fruit trees).
-
Taking cuttings:
1. Fill tray with mix
2. Remove 1.5 cutting from the tip of a branch.3. Take off
leaves up to from the bottom of the
stem.
1. Dip stem end of cutting in rooting hormone.
2. Put one to three cuttings in each cell.
3. When the tray is full- water over the cuttings.
4. Add the tent over the top of the tray.
-
http://www.pssc.ttu.edu/pss1411cd/IMAGES/special/woodyctt.jpg
Asexual Propagation by Stem or Leaf Cuttings:
-
http://www.symmetrix.ch/Public/guarana/images/gua30.jpg
http://hibiscus-sinensis.com/images/cutting.jpg
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~JN7H-OONM/propagaton/cuttings/cuttings07.JPG
Asexual propagation by cuttings:
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~JN7H-OONM/propagat
-
http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/graphics/rose_propagation.jpg
-
http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/images/scet_03_img0243.jpg
Examples of pineapples and stem cuttings propagated
asexually.
After cuttings are placed in media- they are misted or covered
in a tent to keep humidity high (slows the rate of water diffusing
out of the leaves and so keeps them from wilting due to water
loss).
-
http://www.healthwayfarms.com/Resources/headingmain.jpeg
http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/C849/SpudHill.jpg
Asexual reproduction:Tubers
-
http://fdcm.nic.in/7.5.5.gif
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wwwhzpc.ca/images/p_production.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hzpc.ca/english/production.html&h=113&w=404&sz=22&hl=en&start=167&tbnid=sMHmYEn9lSmLdM:&tbnh=35&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpotato%2Bproduction%26start%3D160%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
Commercial Asexual propagation
B: Harvesting potatoes
A: Greenhouse plant production from cuttings
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://wwwhzpc.ca/images/p_production.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hzpc.ca/english/production.html&h=113&w
-
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/bistrawberries.gif
http://www.visit-islay.com/biology/stg/graphics/plants/runner.gif
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb4pg6_files/image002.jpg
AsexualReproduction by stems:
Above ground: StolonsBelow ground: Rhizomes
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Breeding%20Systems/32-Vegetative.jpg
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts
-
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kalanchoe_veg.jpg/350px-Kalanchoe_veg.jpg
http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/cape/bryo.JPG
Asexual Reproduction by leaves
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/
-
http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/cape/corm.JPGhttp://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/755/260916.JPG
Asexual reproduction in bulbs (Swollen leaves)- bulbs can be
separated to form new plants.
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Breeding%20Systems/32-Vegetative.jpg
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/p
-
Storage structures in plants: only the top two are TRUE bulbs-
formed from
modified leaves.
http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/cape/bulb.JPG
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918-figures/B918-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918.htm&h=590&w=32&sz=104&hl=en&start=76&tbnid=P7rA2WNAa4L2oM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=74&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpropagation%2Bby%2Bbulbs%26start%3D60%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918-figures/B918-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918.htm&h=590&w=32&sz=104&hl=en&http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918-figures/B918-1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pubs.caes.uga.edu/caespubs/pubcd/B918.htm&h=590&w=32&sz=104&hl=en&
-
http://content.answers.com/main/content/img/Gardeners/f0266.jpg
Horticultural practices: How gardeners make more plants.
Reproduction by division:
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/755/253383.JPG
http://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profiles0900/images/division.jpg
-
http://www.necps.org/images/20040508-CP-S.alata-Growing%20Contest%20tissue%20culture%20flasks.jpg
Tissue Culture
-
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/images/biplantcloning.gif
Tissue Culture: Removing a few cells, putting them on a growing
media, adding hormones to stimulate leaf and root growth- then
planting them in soil media.Simplified cycle:
-
Tissue culture-complete cycle:
http://www.jains.com/Tissue/images/tissue1.jpg
-
Steps in Tissue culture:
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/tisscult/pltissue/fig5.jpeg
2. Place cells on sterile growing media and let them divide and
grow
http://www.liv.ac.uk/~sd21/tisscult/uses.htm&h=635&w=923&sz=126&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=LJjr-Ftb7KlxkM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlant%2Btissue%2Bculture%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
1. Remove cells from an area where cell division is
occurring
http://www.liv.ac.uk/~sd21/tisscult/uses.htm&h=635&w=923&sz=126&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=LJjr-Ftb7KlxkM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlant%2Btissue%2http://www.liv.ac.uk/~sd21/tisscult/uses.htm&h=635&w=923&sz=126&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=LJjr-Ftb7KlxkM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=147&prev=/images%3Fq%3DPlant%2Btissue%2
-
3. Divide mass of cells (callus), plate them on culture media
and apply hormones to stimulate leaf and root development
http://www.nrdcindia.com/images/Tissue%20Culture.gif
-
4. Move small plants onto a peat-based media for hardening off
(getting used to conditions outside the lab).
-
http://www.terranovanurseries.com/wholesale/images/misc/LABPlantsinTC.jpg
http://schatz.cas.psu.edu/images/XmasTrees.jpg
Tissue culture is done in sterile labs to avoid contamination
with disease from virus, bacteria or fungus.
-
Grafting: adding one type of plant to another.
http://www.danishchurch.vancouver.bc.ca/service/graft.gif
http://www.garden.org/images/App/articles/25a.jpg
-
Grafting is 1. used to produce most of the fruit trees used in
orchards and also those purchased by homeowners.2. Used by the
nursery industry as an easy way to produce lots of a specific
variety of fruit tree.3. To fix girdling damage
To graft a tree, two parts are necessary:
1. The root stock2. The scion (the twig that will be attached to
the root stock).
http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/YGLNews/images/scion&rootstock.jpg
http://www.extension.umn.edu/yardandgarden/YGL
-
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/images/0532_F13.GIF
To fix damage from girdling (vascular tissue is removed from the
tree so water and nutrients can no longer travel from the root to
the shoots-so the tree will die unless a bridge graft is
successful)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oliver.seeto.com/siteimages/grafting/finishedwedge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.oliverk.org/weblog/archives/000204.html&h=960&w=720&sz=326&hl=en&start=126&tbnid=FTZBAfUj4ZNBhM:&tbnh=148&tbnw=111&prev=/images%3Fq%3DScion%2Bin%2Bgrafting%26start%3D120%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://www.extension.umn.edu/distrihttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://oliver.seeto.com/siteimages/grafting/finishedwedge.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.oliverk.org/weblog/archives/000204.html&h
-
1. The root stock: a variety chosen for its hardiness and/or its
dwarfing ability.(root stocks can actually limit how a tree
grows-Homeowners like dwarf trees- it is easier to pick fruit and
allows the homeowner to plant multiple trees in a small space.)
http://www.dred.state.nh.us/divisions/forestandlands/bureaus/forestprotection/graphics/clip_image002_034.jpg
http://www.bighorsecreekfarm.com/images/whatwe3.jpg
http://www.dred.state.nh.us/divisions/forestandlands/b
-
The Scion: The part attached to the root stock-The scion can be
a twig, or a bud.
http://asgap.org.au/APOL24/graft.gif
http://www.state.sc.us/forest/7graft.gif
-
http://pehuen.tripod.com/scionunstoock.jpg
http://www.coenosium.com/march99/cut1d.jpg
Pine scion being attached to a root stock- this can be used to
produce lots of clones ofvarieties of ornamental evergreens.
-
Examples of different types of cuts for grafting:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.actionvideo.freeserve.co.uk/grafting2.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.actionvideo.freeserve.co.uk/grafting.htm&h=423&w=275&sz=12&hl=en&start=45&tbnid=6_S4GoCOFJfG9M:&tbnh=126&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3DROOT%2BSTOCK%2BIN%2BGRAFTING%26start%3D40%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://www.rodsgarden.50megs.com/whip1.JPG
http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/Hasan/19-step-graft-and-sidegraft.jpg
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.actionvideo.freeserve.co.uk/grafting2.gif&imgrefurl=http:/
-
Grafting with cactus
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/Hasan/19-step-graft-and-sidegraft.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/hasan-e.htm&h=393&w=460&sz=34&hl=en&start=87&tbnid=Bl_rtnMT9FVrrM:&tbnh=109&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3DScion%2Bin%2Bgrafting%26start%3D80%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/Hasan/19-step-graft-and-sidegraft.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.lapshin.org/cultivar/N30/hasan-e
-
http://www.divinecactus.com/images/adv_g1_vr.jpg
In any type of grafting- to be successful, the vascular tissue
(veins) of the root stock and the scion MUST be connected
http://www.srgc.org.uk/nurseryws/200704/Daph%20works%20107.jpg
http://members.cox.net/vacs/Graft-2.gif
-
After inserting the scion, the graft must be wrapped tightly so
the cells from the root and the scion fuse together
http://bonsainurseryman.typepad.com/bonsainurseryman/images/grafttie2.jpg
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.2spi.com/catalog/supp/images/parafilm-grafting.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.2spi.com/catalog/supp/parafilm-grafting.shtml&h=265&w=320&sz=11&hl=en&start=118&tbnid=Jw5FdiMUWKMYzM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3DScion%2Bin%2Bgrafting%26start%3D100%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/FNR/images/FNR-105.fig6.gif
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.2spi.com/catalog/supp/images/parafilm-grafting.jpg&imgrefurl=http
-
http://www.knowledgeofbonsai.org/grafting/images/grafting/pinusgraft.jpg
http://www.appleluscious.com/images/graftwt.jpg
-
http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/757/426145.JPG
http://www.umext.maine.edu/onlinepubs/htmpubs/images/plnttree.gif
Find where the graft was on these trees:
-
http://www.life.uiuc.edu/help/digitalflowers/picts/Breeding%20Systems/33-runners.jpg
Name the type of asexual reproduction:
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort400/4tutos/391950.jpg&imgrefurl=http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort400/4tutos/cutpro5.html&h=338&w=469&sz=75&hl=en&start=140&tbnid=KVtHJlmCGfIvDM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpropagation%2Bby%2Bcuttings%26start%3D120%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
A B
CSlide 1
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/hort400/4tutos/391950.jpg&imgrefurl=http://instruct1
-
http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/jardin/images/feuillets/calendrier_horticole/diviser_vivaces_ls.jpg
http://www.gemination.com/Images/TissueCultureGroup.jpg
A B
CD
Slide 2
-
http://www.perennialresource.com/image/Dividing_Perennials.jpg
http://www.fuchsiaclark.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/two_types_cuttings.jpg
AB
CD
Slide 3
http://www.fuchsiaclark.pwp.bluey/
-
http://www.necps.org/images/20040508-NECPS-CP-Ken%20Uhnak's%20Tissue%20Culture%20efforts-propagation%20in%20vitro.jpg
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/gif/ag396-7.gif
Slide 4
A
B
C
http://www.necps.org/images/20040508-NECPS-CP-Ken Uhnak's Tissue
Cultur
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