ASCFG 2010 National Conference & Trade Show Tulsa, OK Get ... · Entomology/Integrated Pest Management Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS Phone: 785-532-4750 Email: [email protected]

1

ASCFG 2010 National Conference & Trade ShowNovember 9, 2010

Tulsa, OK

Get Them Buggers: Implementing Pest Management Strategies to Deal with Insect and

Mite Pests Raymond A. Cloyd

Professor, Extension Specialist in Ornamental Entomology/Integrated Pest Management Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

Phone: 785-532-4750 Email: [email protected]

Overview of Presentation•Introduction•Insect and Mite Pest

Feeding BehaviorsFeeding Behaviors•Common Pest

Management Strategies•Questions and Discussion

Outdoor Cut Flower Production Greenhouse Cut Flower Production

Spider Mite

Caterpillar

Aphids

Thrips

Feeding Habit Types

2

Insect and Mite Pest Feeding Behaviors

•Chewing •Sucking (Piercing-Sucking)

•Mining•Boring•Galling

Insect and Mite Feeding Behaviors• Phloem-Feeders: Aphids, Whiteflies,

Mealybugs, and Soft Scales• Xylem-Feeders: True Bugs, Spittlebugs, and

Leafhoppers (in general)• Chewers: Beetles Caterpillars Fungus GnatChewers: Beetles, Caterpillars, Fungus Gnat

Larvae, and Sawflies • Miners: Leafminers• Chlorophyll-Feeders: Spider Mites• Mesophyll and Epidermal Fluid-Feeders:

Thrips

Insect and Mite Pests of Cut Flower CropsCHEWERS– Caterpillars– Beetles

– Grasshoppers– Fungus gnatsSUCKERS– Aphids

– Spider mites– Leafhoppers– Thrips– Whiteflies– Fleahoppers– Lace bugs

Common Pest Management Strategies

• Scouting: Monitoring• Cultural: Sanitation, Fertility, and

Watering• Physical: Exclusion and Trapping• Pest Control Material: Insecticides

and/or Miticides• Biological: Natural Enemies

Scouting: Monitoring

3

How Do You Know That You Have An Insect Or Mite Pest Problem?

Symptomatic PatternsTypical symptom patterns are:

* Random* Uniform* Clumped

Look at plant and plant parts including leaves.Examples:

* Insects and diseases (Biotic): random or clumped (“spotty”)

* Environmental and cultural (Abiotic): uniform (very even throughout)

Example of Uniform Distribution

Example of Clumped Distribution

Sanitation: Weed and Plant Debris Removal Sanitation: Keep Weeds and Plant Debris Away From Main Cropping

Areas

4

Weed Control Weed or Weed?

Importance of Weed Control• Many weeds are susceptible too and

serve as a refuge for insects such as western flower thrips, aphids, leafminers, whiteflies, and mites.leafminers, whiteflies, and mites. • Weeds may also serve as a reservoir

for diseases. For example, oxalis, chickweed, dandelion, jewelweed, and bittercress are weeds that may harbor impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV).

Weeds Are A Source Of Contamination

Common Groundsel Creeping Woodsorrel

Pigweed in Greenhouse Harboring Western Flower Thrips

Annual Sowthistle

5

Weeds May Serve As Reservoirs For Certain Insect And Mite Pests Such As Leafminers

Twospotted Spider Mites on Nightshade Weed

Weed Management Is An Important Strategy That Will Alleviate Problems With Many Insect And Mite Pests How Well Do You Know Your “Garbage?”

As Plant Material Debris Dries Insects Will Migrate Onto The Main Crops

6

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

Num

ber o

f Ins

ects

0

20

40

60

80

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Shor

eflie

s

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Mea

lybu

gs

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Fung

us G

nats

May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

Num

ber o

f Ins

ects

0

20

40

60

80

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Mea

lybu

gs

Shor

eflie

s

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Mea

lybu

gs

Shor

eflie

s

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Mea

lybu

gs

Shor

eflie

s

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

Thrip

s

Fung

us G

nats

Whi

tefli

es

May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov.

N

Relationship Between Amount of Plant Debris and Insect Abundance

• Poinsettia:–100% plant debris=98% adult whiteflies

• Yellow Sage:–15% plant debris=96% adult whiteflies

• Garden Verbena:–20% plant debris=96% adult whiteflies

• Fuchsia:–10% plant debris=96% adult whiteflies

It is important to place plant and growing

medium debris ed u deb sin containers

with tight-sealing lids.

Exclusion: Greenhouse Screening

7

Extensive Use of Yellow Sticky Tape Can Capture “Lots” Of Flying Insects

Using Marigolds As “Trap Plants” Egg Plant As Trap Crop

Cucumber Beetle Trap CaterpillarsTobacco Budworm

Imported Cabbageworm Beet Armyworm

8

Pest Control Materials: Caterpillars• Azadirachtin (Azatin XL, Ornazin, and

Molt-X)• Bacillus thuringiensis spp. kurstaki (Dipel)

S i d (C /E hibi )• Spinosad (Conserve/Exhibit)• Cyfluthrin (Decathlon/Tempo)

• Bifenthrin (Talstar)• Fluvalinate (Mavrik)• Pyrethrum/Pyrethrin

Spotted Cucumber Beetle

Pest Control Materials: Beetles• Spinosad (Conserve/Exhibit)• Cyfluthrin (Decathlon/Tempo)

• Bifenthrin (Talstar)• Fluvalinate (Mavrik)• Pyrethrum/Pyrethrin• Carbaryl (Sevin)• Acephate (Orthene)

• Petroleum-based oils (Horticultural oils)• Clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil (Neem Oil)

• Rotenone

Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis

Adult Nymph

Pest Control Materials: Western Flower Thrips• Abamectin (Avid)• Acephate (Orthene)• Bifenthrin (Talstar)• Chlorfenapyr (Pylon)• Kinoprene (Enstar II)• Methiocarb (Mesurol)• Novaluron (Pedestal)• Pyridalyl (Overture)• Spinosad (Conserve)

Twospotted Spider Mite

9

Eggs

Larvae (six-legged)

Protonymph (eight legged)

Twospotted Spider Mite Life Stages

Eggs

Larvae (six-legged)

Protonymph (eight legged)Protonymph (eight-legged)

Deutonymph

Adults

Protonymph (eight-legged)

Deutonymph

Adults

Pest Control Materials: Spider Mites•Abamectin (Avid)•Acequinocyl (Shuttle)• Bifenazate (Floramite)( )•Chlorfenapyr (Pylon)•Clofentezine (Ovation)• Etoxazole (TetraSan)• Fenbutatin-oxide (ProMite)

• Fenpyroximate (Akari)• Hexythiazox (Hexygon)• Petroleum-based oils (PureSpray

Green/SuffOil-X)

Pest Control Materials: Spider Mites

)• Potassium salts of fatty acids

(Insecticidal Soap/M-Pede)• Pyridaben (Sanmite)• Spiromesifen (Judo)• Spirotetramat (Kontos)

Common Name (Trade Name) C S T Egg Larva Nymph Adult_______________________________________________________________________________________________Abamectin (Avid) X X X X XAcequinocyl (Shuttle)** X X X X XBifenazate (Floramite)** X X X X XChlorfenpyr (Pylon) X X X X XClofentezine (Ovation)*** X X X X

Two-Spotted Spider Mite Life Stage Activity of Commercially Available Miticides

Etoxazole (TetraSan) X X X X XFenbutatin-Oxide (ProMite) X X X XFenpyroximate (Akari)** X X X X XHexythiazox (Hexygon)*** X X X XPyridaben (Sanmite)** X X X X XSpiromesifen (Judo)* X X X X XSpirotetramat (Kontos)* X X X X X X_______________________________________________________________________________________________C=Contact; S=Systemic; T=Translaminar12 Different Products; However, 7 Different Modes Of Action.

Alternative or “Soft” Pest Control Materials• Potassium salts of fatty acids (Insecticidal Soap)• Petroleum/paraffinic-based oils (Horticultural

Oils)• Clarified hydrophobic extract of neem oil (Neem

Oil))• Insect growth regulators*

• Bacillus thuringiensis spp. kurstaki (Dipel)• Bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis (Gnatrol)• Beauveria bassiana (BotaniGard/Naturalis)

• Spinosad (Conserve/Exhibit)

Characteristics of Alternative Pesticides:• Short-residual activity.• Sensitive to ultra-violet light and rainfall.• Are active on the young stages of insect and

mite pests.• Less directly/indirectly harmful to natural

enemies (parasitoids and predators).• Low mammalian toxicity.• May take longer to kill target insect and

mite pests.

10

Insect Growth Regulators: Mode of Action• Juvenile Hormone Mimics/Analogs: Arrest

development and cause insects to remain in a young or immature stage thus preventing insects from completing their lifecycle.

• Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors: Interfere with enzymes during the molting process that stimulate the synthesisduring the molting process that stimulate the synthesis and formation of chitin, which is an essential component of an insect’s exoskeleton. Insects fail to reach adulthood because they die when young, or they mature into sterile adult females.

• Ecdysone Antagonists: Interfere with or disrupt the molting process of insects by inhibiting metabolism of the molting hormone, ecdysone.

Mode of Action of Greenhouse Insecticides and Miticides

Juvenille Hormone Mimics* Fenoxycarb (Preclude)* Kinoprene (Enstar II)

* Pyriproxyfen (Distance)Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors

* Buprofezin (Talus)* Cyromazine (Citation)* Diflubenzuron (Adept)* Etoxazole (TetraSan)* Novaluron (Pedestal)Ecdysone Antagonists

* Azadirachtin (Azatin/Ornazin)

Factors Responsible For “Poor” Control Of Insect And/Or Mite Pest Populations

• Spray timing: Age structure of insect and/or mite pest population

• Spray coverage• pH of spray solution

• Frequency of applications• Migration of insect pests into

greenhouses from outside• Resistance to pesticides

Immigration of insect pests such as the western flower thrips into greenhouses from nearby fields: may be

exposed to insecticides with the same mode of action

Tracer (spinosad) Conserve (spinosad)

Always Be Sure To Read The Label!

Biological Control

* Augmentation Augmentation

* Conservation

11

Augmentation Biological Control•Purchase and release natural enemies into a greenhouse or outdoors togreenhouse or outdoors to suppress/regulate plant-feeding insect and/or mite pest populations.

Two Types of Augmentation Biological Control

• Inoculation: release natural enemies at “low” numbers over an extended period of timeperiod of time.• Inundation: release “large”

numbers of natural enemies to quickly reduce insect and/or mite pest populations.

Conservation Biological Control

•A biological control practice that includes any activity designed to protect, attract, or maintain existing p , , gpopulations of natural enemies.•Growing plants that attract natural

enemies and provide a food source such as pollen and nectar for adults.

Conservation Biological Control

• Install or plant trap crops. These are plants, which are generally located around the perimeter of the landscape or garden, that attract insect pests; these insects then

Conservation Biological Control

that attract insect pests; these insects then serve as a reservoir for natural enemies. Natural enemies can migrate back and forth.• For example: use of sweet alyssum

(Lobularia maritima) for aphid parasitoids.

Plants That Attract Natural Enemies• Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota)

• Yarrow (Achillea sp.)• Sweet Clover (Melilotus sp.)

• Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia maritima)y• Buckwheat (Fagopyrum sagittatum)

• Dill (Anethum graveolens)• Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)• Coneflower (Echinacea sp.)• Coreopsis (Coreopsis sp.)

12

Scolia dubia Impact of Pesticide Use On Natural Enemies

* Secondary Pest OutbreakOutbreak

* Target Pest Resurgence

Secondary Pest Outbreak Target Pest Resurgence

How Can You Avoid Negatively Impacting Natural Enemies With Pesticides?

• Pesticide selectionTi i f li ti• Timing of application• “Spot” applications

What Is The Problem With “Bugs?”

13

Contact InformationRaymond A. Cloyd

Kansas State University Department of EntomologyDepartment of EntomologyManhattan, KS 66506-4004

Phone: 785-532-4750Email: [email protected]

Thank You For Your Attention!

I Hope You All Learned Something!

Questions or What’s Bugging You?