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May 2012
A guide for householdersand the general public
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May 2012
A guide for householdersand the general public
This guide has been endorsed by the Australian Health ProtectionPrincipal Committee and was prepared by its Environment HealthSubcommittee, enHealth.
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Asbestos: A guide or householders and the general public
ISBN: 978-1-74241-736-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-74241-737-0
Publications approval number: D0793
Copyright Statements:
Paper-based publications
Commonwealth o Australia 2012
This work is copyright. You may reproduce the whole or part o this work in unaltered orm or your own
personal use or, i you are part o an organisation, or internal use within your organisation, but only i you or your
organisation do not use the reproduction or any commercial purpose and retain this copyright notice and all
disclaimer notices as part o that reproduction. Apart rom rights to use as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968or allowed by this copyright notice, all other rights are reserved and you are not allowed to reproduce the whole or
any part o this work in any way (electronic or otherwise) without frst being given the specifc written permission
rom the Commonwealth to do so. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights are to be sent to
the Online, Services and External Relations Branch, Department o Health and Ageing, GPO Box 9848, Canberra
ACT 2601, or via e-mail to [email protected].
Internet sites
Commonwealth o Australia 2012
This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce the whole or part o this work in unalteredorm or your own personal use or, i you are part o an organisation, or internal use within your organisation,
but only i you or your organisation do not use the reproduction or any commercial purpose and retain this
copyright notice and all disclaimer notices as part o that reproduction. Apart rom rights to use as permitted by
the Copyright Act 1968 or allowed by this copyright notice, all other rights are reserved and you are not allowed
to reproduce the whole or any part o this work in any way (electronic or otherwise) without frst being given the
specifc written permission rom the Commonwealth to do so. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction
and rights are to be sent to the Online, Services and External Relations Branch, Department o Health and
Ageing, GPO Box 9848, Canberra ACT 2601, or via e-mail to [email protected].
Approved citation
Environmental Health Subcommittee (enHealth), Asbestos: A guide or householders and the general public,
Australian Health Protection Principal Committee, Canberra, 2012.
Photographs supplied by WA Department o Health and WorkSae Victoria,
except dust masks page 29 www.istockphoto.com
Technical writing and editing by Janet Salisbury, Biotext, Canberra
Graphic design by Lisa Abbott, Biotext, Canberra
Scientifc review by the Technical Working Group, enHealth
The Australian Government Department o Health and Ageing provided unding or the development o this guide.
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I am pleased to introduce this guide or the general public on health risks associated
with asbestos, especially during home renovations.
This guide provides useul inormation to enable householders to sensibly and saely manage
the risks arising rom any occasional encounters with asbestos materials in
and around their homes.
This guide has been developed by the Environmental Health Subcommittee (enHealth),
which is made up o representatives rom the Australian Government and state and territory
governments. It is a subcommittee o the Australian Health Protection Principal Committee.
Proessor Chris Baggoley
Australian Government Chie Medical OcerChair, Australian Health Protection Principal Committee
FOREWORD
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FOREWORD 3
INTRODUCTION 6
WHEN AND WHERE WAS ASBESTOS USED? 8
WHERE ASBESTOS MAY BE FOUND IN A TYPICAL HOME 10
ASBESTOS AND YOUR HEALTH 14
Asbestos-related diseases 14
Risk actors or developing asbestos-related diseases 16
Who is at risk o developing asbestos-related diseases? 17
When are householders likely to be exposed to asbestos? 19
Six steps or reducing your risk 25
IDENTIFYING AND DEALING WITH ASBESTOS 26
IN YOUR HOME
How do I know i a material in my house contains asbestos? 26
Can I disturb asbestos materials in my home? 26
What saety precautions do I need to take? 27
KEY DOS AND DONTS FOR HANDLING 29
ASBESTOS MATERIALS
FURTHER INFORMATION AND ADVICE ON ASBESTOS 35
General advice on sae handling o asbestos 35
Occupational health and saety advice and practical act sheets 37
Asbestos removal, transport and disposal 39
Licensed asbestos removalist and demolition inormation 41
Inormation about asbestos-related diseases 43
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This booklet describes the risks to your health rom being exposedto asbestos bres. It explains who is at risk and how to reduceexposure to yoursel, your amily and others. It also containsbasic inormation on identiying and dealing with asbestos.
Asbestos is the name given to a group o naturally occurring minerals ound in rock
ormations. Three types o asbestos were mined in Australia: white, blue and brown asbestos.
Large deposits were mined in Western Australia and New South Wales, and there were
smaller operations in Tasmania and South Australia. Asbestos mining was completelystopped in Australia by 1983 but it is still mined in large quantities at many locations
worldwide. Mined asbestos only represented a small proportion o the asbestos used in
Australia (about 5%) and the bulk was imported. The majority o asbestos (90%) used
throughout the world, including Australia, was white asbestos. Australia banned the use or
import o blue and brown asbestos or asbestos products in the mid-1980s, and banned all
manuacture or import o white asbestos products in December 2003.
Asbestos bres are strong, heat resistant and have insulating properties. Clumps o mined
asbestos can be broken down into loose bres or bre bundles, and can be mixed with
other materials, such as cement, to produce a variety o building products. Up to 90% o the
asbestos produced in or imported into Australia was used or the manuacture o building
products, especially asbestos cement materials.
INTRODUCTION
Asbestos bres can be ound in the air rom the breakdown o natural asbestos deposits
and manuactured asbestos products. Once airborne, small bres may remain suspended in
the air or some time and can be carried long distances by wind beore settling down. Larger
bres and particles tend to settle more quickly. Asbestos bres do not dissolve in water or
move through soil. They are generally not broken down to other compounds and remain
virtually unchanged over long periods.
Asbestos-containing building products are classied as either riable (sot, crumbly)
or bonded (solid, rigid, non-riable).
Asbestos bres are not visible to the naked eye but, like dandelion
seeds, they are very light, remain airborne or a long time and
can be carried by wind and air currents over large distances.
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Friable products
Friable asbestos products are generally quite sot and loose and can be crumbled into ne
material or dust with very light pressure, such as crushing with your hand. Such products
usually contain high levels o asbestos (up to 100% in some instances), which is loosely
held in the product so that the asbestos bres are easily released into the air.
Friable asbestos products are dangerous because the
asbestos bres can get into the air very easily, and may
be inhaled by people living or working in the vicinity.
When in good condition, bonded asbestos productsdo not normally release any asbestos bres into the air
and are considered a very low risk or people who are
in contact with them, as long as appropriate saety
precautions are used when they are disturbed.
Bonded products
Bonded asbestos products are made rom a bonding compound (such as cement) mixed
with a small proportion (usually less than 15%) o asbestos. Bonded asbestos products
are solid, rigid and non-riable. The asbestos bres are tightly bound in the product and are
not normally released into the air. Common names or such products are bro, asbestos
cement and AC sheeting. In this booklet we reer to bonded asbestos products as asbestos
cement materials (or asbestos cement sheeting).
At the end o this booklet, there is a list o website addresses and
other contact details to help you nd inormation about working with
asbestos saely, removing and disposing o asbestos, and asbestos
licensing requirements (see pages 3543).
However, when bonded asbestos products
are damaged or badly weathered (includinghail damage), areas may become riable.
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Friable asbestos products have been commonly used in commercial and industrial settings
since the late 1800s or reproong, soundproong and insulation. Some riable productswere also used in houses and may still be ound in houses built beore 1990.
In Australia, asbestos cement materials were rst manuactured in the 1920s and were
commonly used in the manuacture o residential building materials rom the mid-1940s until
the late 1980s. During the 1980s asbestos cement materials were phased out in avour o
asbestos-ree products. From 31 December 2003, the total ban on manuacture, use, reuse,
import, transport, storage or sale o all orms o asbestos came into orce.
Many houses built beore 1990 thereore contain asbestos cement materials, especially
in the eaves, internal and external wall cladding, ceilings (particularly in wet areas such as
bathrooms and laundries) and ences.
WHEN AND WHERE WAS ASBESTOS USED?
AS A GENERAL RULE ...
i your house was built:
a Some houses built in the 1990s and early 2000s may have still used asbestos cement materials until the total ban on
any activity involving asbestos products became eective rom December 2003.
beore the mid-1980sit is highly likely that it hasasbestos-containing products
between themid-1980s and 1990 it is
likelythat it has asbestos-containing products
ater 1990it is unlikely that it hasasbestos-containing products.a
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The diagram on pages 1011 shows the many places that asbestos can be ound around the
home; pages1213 show photos o typical asbestos products.
Friable asbestos products
The vast majority o asbestos-containing
products used in houses were bonded
asbestos cement materials, including:
roong
shingles and siding
(villaboard and similar)
exterior and interior wall cladding
eaves
encing
thermal boards around replaces
water or fue pipes.
Some riable asbestos products may
also be ound in houses, including:
asbestos-rope door gaskets in
wood stoves
loose ll roong insulation
(not common)
spray-on insulation or soundproong low-density asbestos bre board
insulation on hot-water pipes,
domestic heaters and stoves
(e.g. lagging)
backing material on foor tiles and
vinyl fooring
carpet underlay (not common;see page 23)
textured paints, decorative
ceiling coatings
heat-resistant abrics
brick and plaster sealants, llers
and some adhesive products
hail or re damaged, or badly weatheredasbestos cement materials.
Bonded asbestos products
Asbestos-containing products used in houses
Remember:
Asbestos cement materials can
become riable when they are damaged
or badly weathered.
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bathroom, toilet and laundry
asbestos cement sheet walls, ceilings
and foors, backing to wall tiles
kitchen
walls, splashbacks, ceilings, in vinyl
foor tiles, backing o vinyl sheet fooring,
underlay sheeting or ceramic tiles
living areas insulation in wood heaters, asbestos cement
sheeting in walls, ceilings and beneathwood-heater hearths
other
backing o electrical meter boards, old ironing-board covers, heatproo
mats, brake and clutch linings, some plaster sealants, lters and adhesive
products, and hot-water pipe insulation set into masonry walls
low-density asbestos breboard wall and ceiling panels (especially
in high-humidity areas)
exterior
fat, patterned and corrugated walland roo sheeting, roo guttering, ridge
capping, imitation brick cladding and
lining under eaves
10
WHERE ASBESTOS MAY BE
FOUND IN A TYPICAL HOME
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11
backyard
ences, garden sheds, garages, outside
toilets, carports and dog kennels buried and dumped waste materials
11
roo cavity loose ll insulation
(not common)
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Asbestos cement sheeting in eaves ... and in the gable end o a garage
12
Asbestos cement corrugated roongAsbestos cement fue and cowl
Asbestos cement brick cladding Asbestos cement shingles
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... and in a disused outbuildingBroken asbestos cement materials roma demolition
Friable asbestos lagging on pipes Typical old vinyl foor tiles that might haveasbestos in the backing material
I you are not sure i a product in your house containsasbestos, play it sae and assume that it does. Alternatively,
you can get advice rom an asbestos consultant or have theproduct tested at a laboratory (see page 26).
Typical older style Australian houses
that are likely to contain asbestos.
Many older terraced houses,townhouses and units have very
close neighbours who might be
aected when asbestos is disturbed.
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14
Asbestos only poses a risk to health when asbestos bres arebreathed in.
Friable asbestos products (such as spray-on insulation or asbestos-rope gaskets in wood
stoves and heaters) also produce airborne bres during normal use or ageing. Crumbling
bonded materials, and all riable products, must be careully managed to prevent the release
o bres into the air.
Asbestos-related diseasesWhen asbestos bres are breathed in, they may remain deep within the lungs. They can
lodge in lung tissue and cause infammation, scarring and some more serious asbestos-
related diseases, which usually take many years, i not decades, to develop.
The our major asbestos-related diseases are shown opposite in increasing order o severity.
A person may show signs o more than one o these diseases.
ASBESTOS AND YOUR HEALTH
Undisturbed asbestos cement materials in
good condition do not pose a health risk
because the asbestos bres are bound together
in solid cement.
However, i the material is damaged or crumbling
(that is, has become riable), or is disturbed by
breaking, cutting, drilling or sanding, bres are
released into the air.
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areasofwhite,smooth,raisedscartissueontheouter
lining o the lung, internal chest wall and diaphragm
oftentheearliestsignofexposuretoasbestos
noteveryonewhohasbeenexposedtoasbestos
develops plaques, possibly because o dierences
in their immune response to asbestos bres
peoplewithpleuralplaquesastheironlyasbestos-
related symptom usually have very little impairment
o lung unction
Pleuralplaques
Mesothelioma
achronicconditioncausedbyinammationor
scarring in the lungs
causesshortnessofbreath,coughingandpermanent
lung damage
causedbyheavy,prolongedexposuretoasbestos
canceroustumoursthatmainlyoccurintheliningof
the tubes leading into the lungs, the smaller airways
or the middle o the lungs
riskofdevelopinglungcancerisincreasedinpeople
who also smoke or have a pre-existing lung disease
Asbestosis
Lung cancer
cancerofthetissuethatlinesthebodycavities,
particularly the chest and abdominal cavities
almostalwayscausedbyexposuretoasbestos;about
90% o all mesothelioma patients have a conrmed
history o asbestos exposure, usually because they
have worked in an asbestos-related industry
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TIME (weeks)
Risk actors or developing asbestos-related diseases
Total number o fbres breathed in
The risk o developing an asbestos-related disease increases in proportion to the number
o asbestos bres a person breathes in during their lie. This, in turn, depends on how manybres are breathed in and how oten.
The risk o developing an asbestos-related disease increases when a larger number o bres
is breathed in ...
Number o fbres breathed in
during each exposure (the dose)
LOW DOSE HIGH DOSE
However, very occasional exposure to a larger number o asbestos bres (e.g. unsae home
renovation or demolition next door) is unlikely to be harmul ...
But requent exposure to a larger number o asbestos bres (e.g. builder or tradesperson
using unsae techniques) is much more likely to be harmul.
The number o times a person is exposedover time(cumulative dose or lietime exposure )
TIME (years)Lower risk
Lower riskHigher risk
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For practical purposes all types o asbestos (white, brownand blue) should be treated as equally hazardous
Who is at risk o developing asbestos-related diseases?
We are all exposed to low levels o asbestos in the air we breathe every day. Ambient or
background air usually contains between 10 and 200 asbestos bres in every 1000 litres (or
cubic metre) o air (equivalent to 0.01 to 0.20 bres per litre o air). However, most people do
not become ill rom this exposure, because the levels o asbestos present in the environment
are very low. Most people are also exposed to higher levels o asbestos at some time in their
lives; or example, in their workplace, community or home. However, or most people, this kind
o inrequent exposure is also unlikely to result in any ill eects.
Most people who develop asbestos-related diseases have worked on jobs where theyrequently breathed in large amounts o asbestos bres. For example, in the past, construction
workers using unsae practices may have requently encountered asbestos bre levels well
above background levels. The current regulated workplace limit (over an eight-hour period) is
100 bres per litre o air (which is between 500 and 10 000 times background levels). In the
past, workers in asbestos milling or mining oten encountered bre concentrations a million
times higher than background levels.
Family members o exposed workers or those who lived close to active asbestos mines
(Australia now has none) are also at risk. An exposed worker can carry asbestos bres on
their clothing, skin and hair when they return home. Other workers may have used waste
products rom asbestos mines or manuacturing plants to surace driveways or paths at home.
A very small number o asbestos-related disease cases occur each year in people who have
not worked with asbestos products. The low number o cases makes it dicult to determine
the exact cause o the disease or the likely exposure event, but unsae handling o asbestos
materials in the home may have contributed to some o these cases.
The saety precautions or handling asbestos productsdescribed in this booklet are designed to reduce your risk to a
very low level (see page 18).
Although there is no absolutely sae level o exposure to asbestos
bres, occasional exposure to low levels o bres poses only a low
risk to your health.
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Remove it! Pty Ltd
General public
All air has a low level
o asbestos bres
Householder
Incident such asunsae renovation or
demolition next door
Home renovator
Unsae removal
o asbestos inhome renovation
Builder/tradesperson
Frequent exposure to
high levels o asbestos
by builders, etc i usingunsae practices
Asbestos mine
worker
(Note: All asbestos
mining in Australia
stopped by 1983)
Low
Medium
High
Extreme
Very low
Occasionalexposure
100s1000sx Background
Dailyexposure
Millionsx Background
Regularexposure
100s1000sx Background
Occasionalexposure
10s100sx Background
All the timeBackground
ASBESTOS-RELATED RISK
18
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When are householders likely to be exposed to asbestos?
Householders may be exposed to asbestos bres during accidental damage to asbestos
materials in the home, or as a result o unsae handling o asbestos material by tradespeople
or by the householders themselves. Some typical scenarios are described below.
During normal wear and tear
In normal circumstances, the risk to householders rom asbestos is very low. I the house
contains bonded asbestos products that are in good condition, it is best to leave them alone
but check them rom time to time or any signs o damage or deterioration.
The natural ageing and weathering o asbestos cement roos releases asbestos bres over
time. However, this is unlikely to pose a risk to health because the bres are dispersed,
diluted by the wind and washed away in rainwater runo systems. Air testing near buildings
with asbestos cement roos has ound very little increase in bre levels.
During minor household maintenance or accidental disturbance
Accidental exposure may be a result o someone pushing their oot through a ceiling sheet,
putting up a new towel rail, or even cleaning up garden debris.
I accidental exposure occurs, take prompt steps to manage it by reducing personal exposure
and preventing urther occurrences. For example, you could remove broken pieces, wipe
down suraces with a wet cloth, close doors and windows or even temporarily relocate while
the work is being carried out.
Particular tasks, such as using power tools or cutting, drilling, grinding, sanding or sawing,
can release signicant numbers o bres. The use o high-pressure water blasters or
cleaning can also release bres.
Old vinyl and linoleum foor coverings and tiles might also contain asbestos backing in
a orm that can easily become airborne when disturbed.
See pages 2934 or urther inormation on how to protect yoursel and your amily,
including young children, and dispose o any broken pieces o asbestos cement materials
or other products.
I in doubt, engage a licensed asbestos removalist (see page 27).
You should never use power tools or high-pressure, water jet
cleaning equipment on asbestos products as they may cause
damage that releases asbestos bres. In some states, these
activities are illegal.
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I you suspect that a neighbour or other person is not observing sae work practices (such
as by using power tools while cutting asbestos or by using a high-pressure spray), report the
issue to your local government environmental health ocer.
Note that when you engage a tradesperson, your home becomes their workplace. It is
thereore important to alert any tradespeople who come to your house that it contains(or might contain) asbestos and to cooperate with all measures to ensure they are not
exposed to asbestos bres. I you are concerned about a tradespersons work practices
you could contact your state or territory health and saety authority, who will advise on
occupational health and saety issues or the tradesperson.
BOBS CORRUGATED FIBRO ROOF
Bob is concerned about his roo. He thinks it might be over 30 years old,
judging by the age o the house. The roo itsel looks old, it is dirty and a
mouldy dark colour rom lichen. It is denitely not tiles or galvanised iron, but
is made rom a corrugated material which he suspects may contain asbestos.
He has noticed that a number o his neighbours in the street have recently
had their roos renovated. Bob has also noticed the increased number o
storms and hail damage in the news reports or the area, and is worried about
the bro roo being damaged and then having to deal with the clean-up
problems i it does contain asbestos.
He realises it might cost him money but he decides to get advice. He contacts
his local occupational health and saety authority and also takes a small
sample o the roong material to a testing laboratory to be analysed. The
roong material is subsequently conrmed as being an asbestos-containing
roong material known as Super 6, and is in poor condition.
Bob then acts on the advice he has received and approaches a number o
licensed asbestos removalists to get quotes or the removal and replacement
o the roo, as resealing and painting is not a sae option. He decides to put
money aside to get the roo replaced as soon as he can aord it.
CASE STUDY
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During renovations and demolition work
During renovations or demolition o aected houses, asbestos bres may be released
into the air. While the overall health risk in these circumstances may be very low, extra
precautions should be taken to reduce the chance o asbestos bres becoming airborne and
subsequently being inhaled.
The workers exposure can be reduced by wearing personal protective equipment such as
masks and appropriate clothing. Other precautions include dampening down suraces, not
using power tools or high-pressure cleaning equipment, and vacating the home during the
renovation (see pages 2934 or urther details). In some cases, the level o protective
equipment used by tradespeople will be higher than that recommended or householders.
This is because tradespeople, particularly asbestos removalists, oten come into contact with
large quantities o asbestos material during the normal course o their work. They thereore
have a higher risk o developing an asbestos-related disease and so need to use more
protective equipment than householders.
JOANS EAVES
Recently, Joan had a new porch built on her house. The builder correctly
advised her that the eaves o the old porch might be made o an asbestos
cement product (bro). They had a piece tested and the results showed
that it did contain asbestos. Joans builder arranged or a licensed asbestos
removalist to come and remove the asbestos products beore the rest o the
old porch was demolished and the new porch built.
Joan is now worried that the rest o the eaves o her house might also be
bro, so she contacts the asbestos removalist about having them removedand replaced. The asbestos removalist comes back to the house and inspects
the eaves or Joan. He shows her that they are all in very good condition
and pose a very low risk so Joan does not need to have them replaced.
However, he tells her to contact him i she notices that they are cracking or
deteriorating, or i she is having any other renovation work done that disturbs
the eaves.
By ollowing these simple steps, Joan has minimised the risk to hersel and
her neighbours.
CASE STUDY
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The removal o asbestos during major renovations or demolitions o buildings and structures
needs to be supervised by qualied and licensed asbestos removalists in order to prevent the
release o asbestos bres into the surrounding neighbourhood.
I you are concerned about demolition work being carriedout close to your home, remain indoors and contact your localgovernment environmental health ocer and/or your state orterritory health and saety authority.
DENNIS AND MAUREENS BACK GARDEN
Dennis and Maureen have just moved into a run-down old house in the
inner city. While landscaping the back garden, they nd a pile o old building
materials behind the shed, hal buried under thick weeds. Dennis thinks some
o the pieces are broken bro but is not sure.
Most o the pieces are quite big and dont look at all faky, but when Dennisand Maureen look around the area they nd several smaller ragments.
Dennis is worried that they might get crushed in the lawnmower. Maureen
starts to gather up the pieces and put them in the skip they have ordered
or other garden rubbish but Dennis thinks this might not be a good idea.
Dennis looks up asbestos on his state government websitea and nds a
act sheet about how to dispose o broken asbestos sheeting rom gardens.
They are still not sure i the materials actually contain asbestos but decide
to assume that they do because getting them tested takes a ew days and
they want to get on with the garden. They decide to ollow the instructions
in the act sheet to dispose o the material they ound in their garden.
Wearing gloves and masks they collect up all the pieces, including rom
the underlying soil, wrap them careully in several layers o thick plastic
and tape up the parcel. They label the parcel ASBESTOS and take it to
the designated disposal site listed on the website.
By ollowing these simple steps, Dennis and Maureen have minimised the
risk to themselves and their neighbours.a See pages 3543 or telephone and website details o where to get advice about asbestos.
CASE STUDY
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Other disturbances
Carpet underlay
Some carpet underlay manuactured and installed beore the early 1970s used material
produced rom hessian bags that had previously been used to transport raw asbestos.The Western Australian Department o Health has tested samples rom over 20 homes
and only ound asbestos bres in underlay rom one home. This underlay had been installed
in the early 1950s. I you suspect that your carpet underlay might contain asbestos, you
can arrange to have a sample tested (see page 26 or how to contact an asbestos-testing
laboratory).
Underlay containing asbestos will not pose a signicant risk while it remains underneath
the carpet. I the carpet is badly worn or damaged, consider replacing both the carpet and
the underlay. Replacement o the carpet at any time would also provide an ideal opportunity
or sae disposal and replacement o the underlay. When an old carpet is taken up, standard
precautions should be taken (see pages 2934). These precautions will provide adequate
protection against dust and other allergens, as well as asbestos in the unlikely event it is
present. The Western Australian and Queensland health departments have inormation about
carpet underlay on their asbestos inormation webpages (see pages 3536).
Fire damage
During a building re or bushre, the amount o asbestos bres released into the air is
relatively low. Air monitoring during and ater res has conrmed this. However, pieces oasbestos material and some bres may remain in the ash and may present a risk i they
are disturbed while cleaning up ater a re. For this reason, when cleaning up ater a re,
you should wet down the debris to avoid dust and wear personal protective equipment (see
page 30). I asbestos-containing materials have been burnt on your property, the best option
is to engage a licensed asbestos removalist to do the clean-up work.
Hail and storm damage
Hailstorms pose a risk to roong, particularly old asbestos roos. I your asbestos roong ispunctured or cracked, it is best have your house re-rooed. Be very careul when checking
your roo, particularly i it contains asbestos or other brittle material, because there is a high
risk o alling o or through the roo. Do not attempt to repair broken asbestos cement roos.
As soon as possible ater a storm, or i you suspect damage, have the roo properly assessed
by a licensed proessional.
Re-roong should also be done by a licensed proessional and you and your amily may need
to move out o the house while the work is being done.
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JULIE AND JEFFS HOUSEJulie and Jes house was one o a large number destroyed by a recent
bushre. They had saely evacuated beore the re, but were keen to return to
their house to search or valuables and start cleaning up.
Asbestos sheeting was known to have exploded due to the intense heat o
the res and, in the atermath, there was considerable concern about the
potential or exposure to asbestos bres in all re-aected areas. Subsequent
testing detected small numbers o asbestos bres in the burnt remains o
several buildings, but no asbestos bres in public places.Julie had also heard concern expressed by the health department that
entering re-aected properties and disturbing debris might be dangerous or
a number o reasons. Potential hazards included exposure to airborne debris
rom lead-based paints and burnt treated timbers, live wires, damaged gas
tanks, damaged septic tanks and chemicals in damaged containers, as well as
signicant amounts o dust and ash.
The department advised people not to search their properties without taking
adequate precautions, and provided kits or residents to use when searchingthrough debris on their properties. The kits included masks, gloves and
coveralls that were appropriate or asbestos exposure, as well as inormation
on possible hazards and instructions or the use o personal protective
equipment.
The government also organised and paid or property clean-up, and people
aected by res were advised to use this service rather than trying to clean
up their properties themselves.
By using the residents kit and organising the government-unded clean-upservice or their property, Julie and Je minimised the risk to themselves and
their amily.
CASE STUDY
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Six steps or reducing your risk
Know where asbestos-containing products could be in yourhome. I in doubt, get products tested, or or saetys sake,
assume it is asbestos. See page 26 or details o how to
contact an asbestos-testing laboratory.
Engage a licensed asbestos removalist when undertaking
major home renovations or demolitions where asbestos may
be present. Consider checking their procedures and quality
o clean-up. In some states, homeowners also require a
licence or removal o asbestos-containing materials.
Get advice rom your local government environmental
health ocer, or state or territory government, on sae
handling and disposal o asbestos-containing products,
and on the use o appropriate protective equipment.
Plan ahead to prevent disturbing and releasing asbestos
bres, particularly when renovating or demolishing a structure
that might contain asbestos (such as a house, garage or shed).
Maintain asbestos-containing products in good condition,
such as through use o paint or other surace nishes,
enclosures and capping.
25
Replace asbestos cement materials i they are damaged
or are being temporarily dismantled or any reason. Ensureall riable asbestos is removed only by a licensed asbestosremovalist.
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26
I you are unsure whether your house contains asbestos materials, it is better to treatany suspect material as though it does contain asbestos. This section contains advice
on identiying and dealing saely with asbestos-containing materials.
How do I know i a material in my housecontains asbestos?
It is not possible to nd out whether a material contains asbestos simply by looking at it.
Careul, close examination o a sample using specialised microscopic procedures is the only
way to tell whether a material contains asbestos. It is best or this to be done at an accreditedlaboratory.
I you know the suspect material was installed beore 1990, it is saest to assume it does
contain asbestos. I in doubt, get it tested.
The National Association o Testing Authorities (NATA) can provide details
o an accredited laboratory in your area where asbestos can be identied
accurately. Alternatively, contact a licensed asbestos removalist to arrange
testing o suspect material by an accredited laboratory.
1800 621 666 www.nata.asn.auThere is a modest cost or testing, which varies between laboratories.
How to fnd an accredited
testing laboratory
IDENTIFYING AND DEALING WITH
ASBESTOS IN YOUR HOME
Can I disturb asbestos materials in my home?
Householders may carry out minor repairs on asbestos cement materials, as long as the
recommended saety precautions or these activities are ollowed (see pages 2934).
In some states and territories there are restrictions on how much asbestos cement sheeting
homeowners can remove themselves without a licence; check the regulations in your state
or territory or details. In all cases, the recommended precautions or minimising release o
asbestos bres, cleaning up and disposing o waste should be careully ollowed to reducethe risk to yoursel, your amily and your neighbours (see Peters bathroom on page 28).
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27
For inormation regarding licenced asbestos removalists, reer to pages 41 and 42,
or the Yellow Pages under Asbestos removalists.
You can also contact your relevant health and saety authority to conrm that the
businesss licence is valid and correct.
How to fnd a licensedasbestos removalist
However, some jobs are best let to the experts. I you are considering a renovation that
involves disturbing large amounts o asbestos cement materials, removing riable asbestos
products, or demolition o all or part o your property, dont do this work yoursel. Engage a
licensed asbestos removalist who knows how to manage this work saely, and without risk
to you or your neighbours.
Friable asbestos material should be removed only by alicensed asbestos removalist.
What saety precautions do I need to take?
I you are carrying out maintenance such as painting or sealing on asbestos cement suraces
without sanding, wire brushing or scraping (i.e. you are not releasing any asbestos bres into
the air), you only need to take the usual precautions or these activities (such as working in a
ventilated area).
However, i you plan to disturb materials in your home that might contain asbestos (such
as by sanding, cutting or drilling), it is important to take the proper precautions or handling
asbestos to avoid risking your health or the health o your amily.
You should reer to your states or territorys entries under Further inormation and adviceon asbestos at the end o this booklet (see pages 3543).
The most important points to remember when handlingasbestos products are also described below (see Keydos and donts or handling asbestos materials).
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28
PETERS BATHROOM
Peter was planning to renovate the bathroom o his 1950s house.
His riend, who is a builder, tells him that there might be asbestos cement
sheeting in the walls and that he should get advice about asbestos removal.
Peter thinks that sounds expensive and he wants to do the renovation
himsel. He starts the renovation, which involves some structural
rearrangement o the walls and removal o all the existing cladding, which he
piles in a skip in his driveway.
Margaret, who lives next door to Peter, sees the rubbish in the driveway
and hears the noise o the renovation. She has read about asbestos and is
concerned that asbestos dust might be blowing over to her house. She is
particularly worried about her our children, aged rom 2 to 10 years. She
keeps the children indoors and phones her local government environmental
health ocer (EHO), who comes straight out to inspect the work next door.
The EHO tells Peter to stop work immediately. Ater some questions to
Peter, the EHO concludes that the house is old enough to contain asbestos
cement sheeting and explains that unless Peter can show that the sheetingis not asbestos (by having it tested), he must treat it as asbestos-containing
material. The EHOs assessment o the site also shows that the total amount
o sheeting that Peter needs to remove is less than 10 square metres. This
means that Peter is allowed to continue work but is given a ormal notice
that he must take all reasonable precautions to remove and dispose o the
material saely (according to the requirements o his local authority), including
double-bagging, labelling o all the materials, measures to reduce dust and
airborne bres and disposal at a designated asbestos waste disposal site.The EHO also advises Peter about wearing personal protective equipment
(respirator, gloves and overalls) while he is doing the work.a
The EHO also reassures Margaret and explains the procedures that
Peter will now be using. He tells her to contact him again i she has any
urther concerns.
aSee pages 2934 or urther inormation on personal protective equipment, and handling, packaging
and disposal o asbestos waste.
CASE STUDY
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29
Beore starting any work involving asbestos materials, you should assess the size andnature o the job, and your ability to complete the task. I the job appears to be complex,
or beyond your ability, employ a qualied tradesperson. I you decide to go ahead yoursel,
assess the number o sessions that will be necessary to complete the work. You should then
obtain enough suitable equipment to carry out the work. All the equipment described below
(including personal protective equipment) should be available rom most hardware and saety
equipment suppliers (reer to the Yellow Pages).
Personal protective equipment
Wearing the right personal protective equipment is essential to protect your health when
working with asbestos.
Wear an appropriate respirator
Ordinary dust masks are not eective in preventing the inhalation o asbestos bres and dust.
You should wear either a hal-ace lter respirator tted with a class P1 or P2 lter cartridge,
or a class P1 or P2 disposable respirator appropriate or asbestos. Respiratory protection
devices should comply with Australian/New Zealand Standard 1716. This number will always
be displayed on the mask. To ensure that the respirator is eective, users should be clean-shaven, and the respirator should have a close t.
Hal-ace lter respirator Twin-strap disposable P2 mask Ordinary single-strap dust mask
KEY DOS AND DONTS FOR
HANDLING ASBESTOS MATERIALS
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30
Keep your respirator on until the work session has been completed, the cleaning is done,
and your contaminated clothing has been removed, bagged and sealed.
For the removal o asbestos cement material, a hal-ace disposable or cartridge-type
particulate respirator class P1 or P2 is satisactory. Respirators or masks should be worn
continually by each person removing asbestos cement material.
Wear disposable clothing
Disposable coveralls should be used to prevent the contamination o clothing and ootwear.
An attached hood or disposable hat, and suitable disposable gloves should also be worn.
The coveralls should have no external pockets or velcro astenings, and the gloves should
be suciently robust or the work to be done. Smooth, nonslip ootwear without laces or top
asteners are preerable to plastic overshoes where there is a risk o slipping.
workinawell-ventilatedareaand,wherepossible,intheopenair
(but not on windy days)
thoroughlywetdownthematerialbeforeyoustartandregularly
during the work by lightly spraying suraces with water or a 1:10
polyvinyl acetate (PVA): water solution, or with low-pressure waterrom a garden hose (i outdoors); keep it wet until packaged
or transport
usenonpoweredhandtools(e.g.aguillotine,handsaworhand-
powered drill) as these generate smaller amounts o dust and waste
chips that are coarser than those generated when using power tools
pulloutanynailsrsttohelpremovesheetingwithminimalbreakage
carefullylower(notdrop)thesheetstothegroundandstackontwo
layers o polythene sheeting at least 0.2 mm thick (e.g. heavy-duty
builders plastic)
minimisecuttingorbreakingoftheasbestoscementproducts
removeanddisposeofpersonalprotectiveequipmentas
described below
showerandwashyourhairimmediatelyafterwardsand,regardless
o whether gloves were used, thoroughly clean your hands and
ngernails to remove any dust and asbestos that may be on your body.
DO
When handling or removing asbestos cement products in general
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31
usehigh-pressurewaterjetstowetsurfacesasthismayincrease
the spread o loose bres or dust
slideonesheetoverthesurfaceofanotherasthismayabradethe
surace o the materials, and increase the likelihood o the release
o bres and dust
usepowertools,abrasivecuttingorsandingdiscs,orcompressed
air on asbestos cement, as these will contribute to airborne dust
and debris
drysand,wirebrushorscrapesurfacestobepainted
walkoncorrugatedasbestoscementroofsifitcanbeavoided
many people have been injured by alling through weathered asbestoscement roos while attempting to treat or repair the roo surace
leaveasbestoscementproductsaroundthegarden,orwherethey
may be broken or crushed.
DONT
isolatetheareayouareworkingonfromtherestofthebuildingby
closing and sealing internal doors
leaveexternaldoorsandwindowsopentomaximiseventilation
covertheoorwithheavy-dutyplasticsheetingtocatchdust,debris
and ocuts
keephouseholdmembers,visitorsandpetsawayfromtheareauntil
the work is completed.
DO
When working indoors
DONT spreadasbestosdustthroughareasofthebuildingthatarenot
protected by plastic sheeting (e.g. by walking through unprotected
areas without removing shoes).
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32
inorm your neighbours o the proposed work, and advise them
to close doors and windows while the work is being undertaken
close all windows and doors o your home, and cover air vents to
prevent asbestos bres rom entering the building
avoid contaminating the soil by covering the ground and vegetation
with heavy-duty plastic sheeting to catch dust, debris and ocuts
remove play equipment, personal belongings and vehicles rom the
work area
keep household members, visitors and pets away until the work
is completed (use barricades and signs i necessary).
DO
When working outdoors
Cleaning up
DONT
thoroughly clean the work area, tools and equipment as soon as
possible ater nishing the job
clean up any asbestos cement residues in the work area, and on the
tools and equipment used by using wet rags and a wet mop, or with
a vacuum cleaner tted with a high-eciency particulate air (HEPA)
lter which conorms to AS4260. Attachments with brushes should be
avoided because they are dicult to decontaminate
double bag, seal and dispose o any materials used during the
decontamination, such as rags and mops, along with other
asbestos products at a disposal acility licensed to take asbestos
keep dust, debris and ocuts damp with water
keep your respirator on.
DO
remove any materials rom the work area until cleaned up as
described above
clean the work area by dry sweeping or by using a household vacuumcleaner
DONT wet down roong sheets i this creates a high risk o slipping o a roo
work with asbestos on a windy day.
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33
keepthematerialwetuntilitispackaged
carefullypackagethematerial,includinganyoffcuts,intwolayers
o 0.2 mm thick polythene sheeting
keepthepackagesofamanageablesizeandcompletelysealthem
with adhesive tape placesmallersizedasbestoswastesuchastiles,offcutsanddustin
two 0.2 mm thick polythene bags (i.e. double bagged), then tie and
seal or disposal with the other asbestos waste
onlyllbagshalffull(tominimisetheriskofsplitting)andgently
evacuate excess air in a way that does not cause the release o dust
clearlylabelthepackagesASBESTOSWASTEusingapermanent
marker pen
assoonaspossible,securelytransportanddisposeofthepackagesat a designated asbestos waste disposal site in your area (your local
government or Environment Protection Authority will provide advice on
where this is)
alternatively,hireaspecialminiskipfromawasteremoval
company to ll with your bagged asbestos waste and have it
collected by the waste company (see Yellow Pages)
seepages3940 or where to nd inormation on asbestos removal,
transport and disposal in your area.
DO
Packaging and disposal o asbestos
store or reuse asbestos cement sheeting
leave asbestos cement products around the garden, or where they
may be broken or crushed.
DONT disposeofasbestoswasteinadomesticgarbagebinorrubbishskip
reuseorrecycleasbestoswaste
dumpasbestoswasteillegally
disposeofasbestosduringcouncilhardrubbishcollections.
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34
peeloffcoveralls,hatandgloves
immediatelysealalltheseitemsintwo0.2mmthick(heavy-duty)
polythene bags (i.e. double bagged) and clearly label to identiy thecontents as described above in Packaging and disposal o asbestos
disposeofthesebagswiththeotherasbestoswaste
washorwipereusablefootwearusingwetrags
leavetherespiratoronuntilthecontaminatedclothingisremoved,
bagged and sealed, then dispose o the respirator by doubling bagging
it as described above.
DO
Removing and disposing o personal protective equipment
DONT keeporrecycledisposableprotectiveequipment;forexample,
dont attempt to shake the dust out o overalls or clean the items with
a vacuum cleaner
launderorcleanglovestheasbestosremovalandlaundering
process causes physical damage or deterioration o the gloves.
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Asbestos Awareness
13 22 81
www.asbestos.act.gov.au
AustralianCapitalTerritory
DIY Sae
NSW Ministry o Health www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/
environment/diy/index.asp
Asbestos Awareness
www.asbestosawareness.com.au
See also
www.nsw.gov.au/bro
New SouthWales
Health eects:
Department o Health, Environmental Health Branch
08 8922 7152
www.nt.gov.au/health/envirohealth
NorthernTerritory
FURTHER INFORMATION
AND ADVICE ON ASBESTOS
General advice on sae handling o asbestos
Queensland Government
13QGOV (137468)
www.health.qld.gov.au/asbestos
Queensland
35
http://www.asbestos.act.gov.au/http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/environment/diy/index.asphttp://www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/environment/diy/index.asphttp://www.asbestosawareness.com.au/http://www.nsw.gov.au/fibrohttp://www.nt.gov.au/health/envirohealthhttp://www.health.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.health.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.nt.gov.au/health/envirohealthhttp://www.nsw.gov.au/fibrohttp://www.asbestosawareness.com.au/http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/environment/diy/index.asphttp://www.health.nsw.gov.au/publichealth/environment/diy/index.asphttp://www.asbestos.act.gov.au/7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Workplace Standards Tasmania
1300 366 322 (i calling rom Tasmania)
03 6233 7657 (i calling rom other states)
www.wst.tas.gov.au/saety_comply/asbestos
Tasmania
Health eects:
Department o Health, Environmental Health Unit
1300 761 874 www.health.vic.gov.au/environment
Health eects:
Department o Health, Environmental Health Hazards Unit
08 9388 4999
www.public.health.wa.gov.au
and click on Environmental health Health hazards Asbestos
General inormation:
Contact your local councils environmental health ocer
See the White Pages
Victoria
General inormation:
Contact your local governments environmental health ocer
See the White Pages
WesternAustralia
SA Health
08 8226 7100
www.health.sa.gov.au
SouthAustralia
36
http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestoshttp://www.health.vic.gov.au/environmenthttp://www.public.health.wa.gov.au/http://www.health.sa.gov.au/http://www.health.sa.gov.au/http://www.public.health.wa.gov.au/http://www.health.vic.gov.au/environmenthttp://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestos7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Occupational health and safety advice and practical fact sheets
ACT WorkCover
02 6205 0200
See also
www.asbestos.act.gov.au
AustralianCapitalTerritory
NSW Ministry o Health
See the White Pages or your local number
www.health.nsw.gov.au/actsheets
and click on Environmental Asbestos and health risks
New SouthWales
Workcover Authority o NSW
13 10 50
www.workcover.nsw.gov.au
and click on Work health and saety Health and saetytopics Asbestos
NT WorkSae
1800 019 115
www.worksae.nt.gov.au
NorthernTerritory
Queensland Government
13QGOV (137468)
www.health.qld.gov.au/asbestos
Queensland
37
http://www.asbestos.act.gov.au/http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheetshttp://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.nt.gov.au/http://www.health.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.health.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.worksafe.nt.gov.au/http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/factsheetshttp://www.asbestos.act.gov.au/7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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SaeWork SAHelp and Early Intervention Centre
1300 365 255
www.saework.sa.gov.au
See also
www.dh.sa.gov.au/pehs/topics/public-health-actsheets.htm
SouthAustralia
Workplace Standards Tasmania
1300 366 322 (i calling rom Tasmania)
03 6233 7657 (i calling rom other states)
www.wst.tas.gov.au/saety_comply/asbestos
Tasmania
WorkSae Victoria1800 136 089
www.worksae.vic.gov.au
Victoria
WorkSae, WA Department o Commerce
1300 307 877
www.worksae.wa.gov.au
WesternAustralia
38
http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestoshttp://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestoshttp://www.safework.sa.gov.au/7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Asbestos removal, transport and disposal
ACT NOWaste
02 6207 6030 www.tams.act.gov.au/live/Recycling_and_Waste
Australian
CapitalTerritory
Department o Natural Resources, Environment,
The Arts and Sport
08 8924 4139
www.nretas.nt.gov.au
NorthernTerritory
Workers Health Centre
02 9749 7666
www.workershealth.com.au/act-sheets.html
New SouthWales
Ofce o Environment & Heritage
131 555
www.environment.nsw.gov.au/waste/asbestos
Queensland Government
13QGOV (13 7468)
www.qld.gov.au/asbestos
Queensland
NT WorkSae
1800 019 115
39
Environment Protection Authority
08 8204 2004
www.epa.sa.gov.au
SouthAustralia
http://www.tams.act.gov.au/live/Recycling_and_Wastehttp://www.nretas.nt.gov.au/http://www.workershealth.com.au/fact-sheets.htmlhttp://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/waste/asbestoshttp://www.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.epa.sa.gov.au/http://www.epa.sa.gov.au/http://www.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/waste/asbestoshttp://www.workershealth.com.au/fact-sheets.htmlhttp://www.nretas.nt.gov.au/http://www.tams.act.gov.au/live/Recycling_and_Waste7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Workplace Standards Tasmania
1300 366 322 (i calling rom Tasmania)
03 6233 7657 (i calling rom other states)
www.wst.tas.gov.au/saety_comply/asbestos
Tasmania
Environment Protection Authority
03 9695 2722
www.epa.vic.gov.au
Victoria
Department o Environment and Conservation
08 6367 5000
www.dec.wa.gov.au/content/view/2875/1687
Contact your local governments environmentalhealth ofcer
See the White Pages
WesternAustralia
WorkSae Victoria
1800 136 089
www.worksae.vic.gov.au
40
http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestoshttp://www.epa.vic.gov.au/http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/content/view/2875/1687http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/http://www.dec.wa.gov.au/content/view/2875/1687http://www.epa.vic.gov.au/http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestos7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Licensed asbestos removalist and demolition inormation
ACT Planning and Land Authority,Construction Occupations Section
02 6207 6400
www.actpla.act.gov.au/topics/hiring_licensing
AustralianCapitalTerritory
Workcover Authority o NSW
13 10 50
www.workcover.nsw.gov.auand click on Work health and saety Health and saety topics Asbestos
New SouthWales
NT WorkSae
1800 019 115
www.worksae.nt.gov.au
NorthernTerritory
Queensland Government
13QGOV (13 7468)
www.qld.gov.au/asbestos
Queensland
SaeWork SA
Help and Early Intervention Centre
1300 365 255
www.saework.sa.gov.au
SouthAustralia
41
http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/topics/hiring_licensinghttp://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.nt.gov.au/http://www.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.safework.sa.gov.au/http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/http://www.qld.gov.au/asbestoshttp://www.worksafe.nt.gov.au/http://www.workcover.nsw.gov.au/http://www.actpla.act.gov.au/topics/hiring_licensing7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Workplace Standards Tasmania
1300 366 322 (i calling rom Tasmania)
03 6233 7657 (i calling rom other states)
www.wst.tas.gov.au/saety_comply/asbestos
Tasmania
WorkSae Victoria
1800 136 089
www.worksae.vic.gov.au
Victoria
WorkSae (WA Department o Commerce)
1300 307 877
www.worksae.wa.gov.au
and click on Services Licensing and registrationo plant Asbestos
WesternAustralia
42
http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestoshttp://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/http://www.wst.tas.gov.au/safety_comply/asbestos7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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Inormation about asbestos-related diseases
Dust Diseases Board
www.ddb.nsw.gov.au
Asbestos Diseases Society o Australia
www.asbestosdiseases.org.au/index.htm
Bernie Banton Foundation
www.berniebanton.com.au
Better Health Channel
www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
Australian Asbestos Network
www.australianasbestosnetwork.org.au
43
http://www.ddb.nsw.gov.au/http://www.asbestosdiseases.org.au/index.htmhttp://www.berniebanton.com.au/http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/http://www.australianasbestosnetwork.org.au/http://www.australianasbestosnetwork.org.au/http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/http://www.berniebanton.com.au/http://www.asbestosdiseases.org.au/index.htmhttp://www.ddb.nsw.gov.au/7/28/2019 Asbestos 02 Web (8may12)
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