ASA Adaptive Sensor Array Environmental and Meteorological Networked Smart Sensor Advanced Technology Initiative NCAR / ATD / RTF.

ASAASAAdaptive Sensor Array

Environmental and Meteorological

Networked Smart Sensor

Advanced Technology Initiative

NCAR / ATD / RTF

• Why Pursue Development?

• Development GOALS

• Roles for RTF Surface Facility with ASA

• 3-Tier Design Concept

• Preliminary Specifications

• Development Plan

• Hardware Development Overview

• Software Design Overview

• Demonstration Array Deployment for CME-04 Field Experiment

Presentation Outline

Why Pursue an Adaptive Sensor Array?• Advance existing sensing capabilities for research in complex,

interwoven environmental and meteorological processes.

• Investigate, test and evolve emerging software methods designed for mesh network topologies.

• Develop application algorithms suitable for use and adaptation in other ATD instrument platforms.

• Deploy significant-numbers of cost-effective smart sensors capable of communicating, responding, and intelligently measuring diverse processes across heterogeneous environments (more measurements, at more points).

• Establish cooperative research relationships with outside agencies and universities (UCLA/CENS, CSU, ..).

Return to Top/Outline Slide

Development GOALS

• Augment and expand the RTF Integrated Surface Flux Facility (ISFF) with significantly extended / distributed environmental sampling coverage.

• Provide a ‘rapidly’ deployable platform that can be configured to facilitate straightforward relocation.

• Provide cross-habitat / mesoscale sampling combined with fine-scale sampling.

• Provide Internet access to real-time data stream

• Permit remote access for command and control of sampling systems.

• Provide ‘self-healing’ and ‘self-configuring’ array software capable of dynamically re-routing communications with extended ‘multi-hop’ peer-to-peer features.

• Explore, test and Incorporate promising technologies (Fuel-Cells, MEMS, Nano, Optical, etc.) as appropriate to further the over-riding need for low-power, small-scale, and overall research grade sensing products). Note: this level of effort would require a full commitment of personnel and financial resources and possibly a cooperating agency. Independent in-house development on raw low-level ultra-efficient components (such as MEMS based sensors) is unrealistic.


Roles for RTF Surface Facility with ASA

• Surface Energy Budget and Turbulent Flux Estimation (Historic)

• Test bed for evaluating and exploring the capabilities of multi-scale meteorological and environmental sensor arrays.

• Habitat Monitoring

• Hydrological cycle

• Biogeochemical Dynamics

– CO2 monitoring / spatial characterization


Preliminary Specifications• Bi-Directional real-time Wireless communications.

• Flexible modular design capable of incorporating in-situ, remote, and 3-4D measurements of environmental, meteorological and chemical measurements in heterogeneous environments. (Cameras, GIS, etc.)

• A sensor that is both 'smart' and 'intelligent'. The 'smart' capabilities include processing, minimal calibration, connectivity, whereas the intelligent sensor will include diagnostics, predictive diagnostics, peer-to-peer communication, event response, and knowledge of past events. The design include the capability of gathering biological, chemical, physical and environmental data locally and remotely, incorporated with infrastructure knowledge for intelligent processing that includes triggering/activating internal and external devices, data rates, power management (to increase life of system), data quality, etc.

• Flexible long range (wide bandwidth)/short range protocol, that will minimize cost, include reliable communications, be compatible with legacy systems, provide appropriate communication ranges, be self-organizing/self-healing, and be power efficient. (IEEE Sensor Protocol P1451.2,3 and 4.)

• Multi-platform modular design capable of controlling and communicating with a variety of peripheral (PDA unit, Lap top, off the shelf sensors, planes, satellites, cameras, sniffers, etc.) or third party sensor

• The incorporation of the sensor intelligence to a self organizing network capable of continually connecting and re-connecting between local point and far nodes to optimise the efficiency and reliability of data including time synch and location.

• The ability to respond to both infrastructure and sensed events, i.e. stack plumes, etc., via power, data rate change, data calibration, network calibration, sensor calibration, etc.


Design Concept


Basic Node Descriptions• Micro Sensor Node

• Interface between Mid Range Sensor Nodes and transducers• Self-organizing, short range network• Minimal data processing and decision making• 1. Analog to digital voltage conversion, and processing of raw data into sample stream• 2. Event processing limited to power down or up, sampling rates, time synch• 3. Limited configuration capabilities• ID Broadcast• Spatial range : 100 m Max between nodes•• Mid Range Sensor Node

• Interface between Micro Sensors and Network Nodes• Interface to higher bandwidth sensors including multiple/bussed Intelligent Serial Devices• Increased data processing and decision making• 1. Acquisition, time stamping and processing of raw data into sample stream• 2. Statistical Data Reduction• 3. Recognition and response to events from sensors, micro sensor nodes, local processing and network

nodes • 4. Local and remote configuration of attached sensors, power, data processing, and network parameters• Accurate Clock and Time Synch Broadcast• Spatial range : 10-15 km•• Network Node (multiple sensing capability)

• Link to outside world/internet and mid range sensors• Highest bandwidth sensing capability (Eddy Correlation flux measurements)• Web services, database, camera • Highest level of data processing and decision making on events• 1. Collective data processing and event handing of remote sensor nodes and local sensors• Spatial range : Local / Regional / Global•


Development Plan / Implementation Target

• Phase-I – New ISFF Data System (Network / Mid-Level Node)– Demonstration Micro-Sensor Node Array

– Demonstrate / Investigate:• Plug and Play Sensor Protocol• Self-Organizing multi-cast communications• Routing protocol optimization – UCLA-CENS

Directed Diffusion• Wireless DAQ / Time Synchronization• Power Efficient Operations


Development Plan / Implementation Target

• Phase-II– Incorporate

• Real-time event driven response methods

– Develop• Middle-Level CO2-Pack Nodes• Middle-Level Met-Pack Nodes (10-20km range)• Install high-level processing / storage on Mid-level PC104 platform

(replaces / upgrades existing ‘ISFF-EVE’ DAQ)• Global Satellite communications

– Integrated / Interactive Data Displays for Host • GIS• Satellite Imagery• NexRAD


Network Node(Initial Development)

Implementation Target WEB Access Gateway

GIS / Sat. Imagery / NexRAD / etc.

Host Institution 'Base' Station

RF - L.O.S. Access...

Iridium Sat. / Cell-Phone / Fiber / 802.11 RF / Hardwire Access...

Network Node

Mid Level Data System / Sensor Ingest Node (Initial Development)

Mid LevelSensor PodMet-Pack Mid Level

Sensor Pod CO2...

Sensor PodFlux-Pack

MicroSensor Network

MicroSensor Network (Demonstration Array Development)

Tsoil Tsoil

Tsoil

Tleaf

Optional HardWire / RF.


Phase-I Hardware Development Overview: Wireless Micro-Sensor Motes

Soil Temp. Profile Motes GPS/T-RH-P Motes Base-Station / Mote Array-Ingester

3-sets, 4-each Deployed at CME-04CrossBow Technologies Mica2100m Range / NetworkableSolar Powered (12mW ops / .03mW sleep)6-sensors: 20 samples reported each 30-Sec2nd Order Calibrated Fit

Development in Progress for CME-04CrossBow Technologies Mica2 / MTS520100m Range / Networkable with TsoilCycled Aspiration for T/RH accuracy

Base/Repeater Deployed for CME-04CrossBow Technologies Mica2 and Maxstream Radio10-12km Mote Repeater Range Ingest / Forward Mote Data to Main Data Acquisition System(s) Solar Powered (<=300mW ops)

In Development: Linux Based Server Version (shown below)CrossBow Technologies StargateFlash-Card Data StorageEthernet Interface


Phase-I Hardware Development Overview: New Data System for ISFF / Network Node

Old ISFF Data Acquisition System

New Data Acquisition System

PC104 Based Computer<= 6-Watts~8 lbs (mostly the enclosure)Linux Operating SystemWireless / Ethernet Interface16+ Sio ingest16+ Analog ingest In Development:Flash-Card / Local Data Storage

DAQ Board Stack

VME Based Computer>= 100-Watts (requires A/C power)~80 lbsProprietary VxWorks Operating SystemWireless / Ethernet Interface16+ Sio ingest16+ Analog ingest

Barometer


Software Overview

• All Software based on Open-Source Model

• Java / C++

• Network / Mid-Level: Linux based for enhanced Portability and Maintainability

• Micro-Scale Level: TinyOS / NesC based (UofCa/Berkley OS / C++ like language optimized for resource constrained processors)

• Dynamic Reconfigurability: Network Routing / Operating Response: all levels


Software High Level Descriptions

Listens and Handles Real-Time internal and external events

Responsible for configurable params

Responsible for communication modules

Responsible for all sensing activities

Responsible for handling all data transactions

•This and following diagrams are intended to highlight the basic approach and underscore the modular concept of software methods designed for cross-tier utilization of Java / C++ code

ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

EVENT MANAGER

CONFIGURATION MANAGER

COMMUNICATION MANAGER

SENSOR INTERFACE MANAGER

DATA MANAGER


NETWORK NODE Software MODULE DIAGRAM

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SENSOR INTERFACE MGR

ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

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• CONCTN PARAM• CONVRSN PARAM• TIME PARAM• DATA PARAM• LOGGING PARAM• HARDWARE • ETC.

• COMM. PARAM

DATA REDUCER QC CONTROL

INTELLIGENCE MODULE OTHER PROCESSING

TIME(GPS)

TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED

BY EVENT MANAGER INCLUDE :

DATA, HARDWARE, POWER,

INFRASTRUCTURE,

SENSOR SPECIFIC

OTHER (Legacy,etc.)

Network Node Data Mid-Level (Micro)Sensor Pod Data

ARCHIVE MEDIA

SENSOR SPECIFIC MODULES

COMMMGR

OTHERDATASAMPLEGENERATOR

COMMUINCATION MGR



RF TCP/IP SERIAL UDP OTHER

SERIAL

OTHER

GPS(TIME/LOC)

DIGITALI/OANALOG

OTHER

CONFIG PARAMETERS


Mid-Level Sensor NODE Software MODULE DIAGRAM

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ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

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• COMM. PARAM



TIME(GPS)

TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED

BY EVENT MANAGER INCLUDE :

DATA, HARDWARE,

POWER, INFRASTRUCTURE,

SENSOR SPECIFIC

Network Node CommandAnd Control

Mid-LevelSensor Pod Data

ARCHIVE MEDIA


COMM. Mgr


COMMUNICATION MGR



RF TCP/IP SERIAL UDP OTHER

SERIAL

OTHER

GPS(TIME/LOC)

DIGITALI/O

ANALOG

OTHER

CONFIG PARAMETERS

Micro-SensorPod data


Micro-Level Sensor NODE Software MODULE DIAGRAM

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COMMUNICATION MGR

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ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

ASA NETWORK SOFWARE

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• COMM. PARAM



TIME(GPS)

TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED BY EVENT MANAGER INCLUDE :

DATA, POWER, INFRASTRUCTURE,

Mid Level CommandAnd Control

ARCHIVE MEDIA


COMMMGR


COMMUNICATION MGR



RF

SERIAL

OTHER

DIGITALI/OANALOG

OTHER

CONFIG PARAMETERS

Micro Pod DataReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Prototype Array Deployment for

Carbon in the Mountains Experiment (CME)

Niwot-Ridge Colorado Summer-04

CME Goals: Typify CO2 Production, Variations and

Dispersion

RTF – CMEContribution

Details

Hydra(CO2sampling)

New ISFFData System

Wireless ‘ASA’Tsoil Sensors

3 Tall-Towers

Prototype ASA DeploymentNiwot Ridge Colorado 2004

ASA Micro-Sensor Array: Soil Temp. Monitoring

Scientists installing Solar-Powered Wireless Micro-Sensor Node with 6 Soil Temperature Probes

Micro-Scale Array Base Receiver and Mid-Range (10-12km) Repeater / Transponder Radio.

1 of 3 Towers shown in background (Willow) being installed with Medium-Scale Data Acquisition, Processing and Internet Accessible Communication System forwarding continuous data to host institution archive and display.


Mesoscale arrays

Micro scale arrays

Target Goal: Regional Networked Arrays Using towers above canopy for collective event detection and response

‘Willow-Site’ Micro-Mote Nodeswith tower and data acquisition system in background

‘Pine-Site’ Micro-Mote unable to see Base Receiver relays its data through Mote ‘visible’ in background

‘Willow-Tower’ in view from ‘Pine-Tower’

‘Pine-Site’ Micro-Mote Nodewith tower / dataacquisition in background

2-way communications within Micro-Scale and between Meso-Scale Array Nodes

‘Willow’ ‘Pine’

‘Aspen’

ASA Adaptive Sensor Array Environmental and Meteorological Networked Smart Sensor Advanced Technology Initiative NCAR / ATD / RTF.

Documents

topoutline slide slide

sensor calibration

intelligent sensor

environmental data

sensor intelligence

party sensor

environmental sensor

data calibration