Symptoms of P. ramorum As Sudden Oak Death and Ramorum Blight/Dieback
Symptoms of P. ramorum
As Sudden Oak Death and Ramorum
Blight/Dieback
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• Symptoms of P. ramorum as Sudden Oak Death• Sudden Oak Death• Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes• Other Forest Hosts
• Symptoms of P. ramorum as Ramorum Blight/Dieback• Blight and Dieback Hosts• Camellia• Rhododendron• Pieris
Contents
• Viburnum• Kalmia (Mountain laurel)• Syringa (Lilac) • Conifers
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Phytophthora ramorum Diseases
• Sudden Oak Death– Red oak group hosts and tanoak– Stem lesions beneath the bark– May bleed or ooze– Can kill adult plants
• Phytophthora ramorum Foliar Blight– Non-oak hosts– Spots and blotches on leaves– Shoot dieback– Can kill juvenile plants, occasionally mature plants
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• Sudden Oak Death affects members of the oak family (Fagaceae)
– True oaks (Quercus spp.)
– Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus)
– Chestnut (Castanea) [Europe only]
– Beech (Fagus) [Europe only]
Sudden Oak Death
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 5Photo: Pavel Svihra, UC Cooperative Extension
P. ramorum on coast live oak
Sudden Oak Death
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Sudden Oak Death
Tree Death From the Top Down
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Photo: Joseph O’Brien, USDA-Forest Service
Natural ReservoirPhytophthora ramorum infection on the leaves of California bay laurel (Umbellulariacalifornica)
Sudden Oak Death
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‘Bleeding’ canker on tree trunk
• ‘Bleeding’ or oozing on the bark
• Not associated with cracks in bark or insect holes
• Usually on the lower 6 ft. of tree trunks
Photo: Garbelotto lab, UC Berkeley
Sudden Oak Death
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Photos: Mike McWilliams, ODF & Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Dept. of Conservation
“bleeding”
Sudden Oak Death
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Photo: Dave Rizzo, UC Davis
Cankers (in inner Cankers (in inner bark) are surrounded bark) are surrounded by a black lineby a black line
Sudden Oak Death
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outer bark inner barkPhoto: Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Department of Conservation
Sudden Oak Death
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• Bacterial wetwood
• Boring insects
• Mechanical injury
• Fungi
Sudden Oak Death LookSudden Oak Death Look--aa--LikesLikes
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Bleeding canker caused by Armillariaouter bark inner bark
Sudden Oak Death LookSudden Oak Death Look--aa--LikesLikes
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum
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outer bark inner bark
Bleeding canker caused by inner-bark boring insect
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum
Sudden Oak Death LookSudden Oak Death Look--aa--LikesLikes
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outer bark inner bark
Bleeding canker caused by Inonotus hispidus
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
Sudden Oak Death LookSudden Oak Death Look--aa--LikesLikes
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• Pyracantha• Honeysuckle• Yew• Douglas-fir• Grand fir• Coast redwood
Selected Hosts:• Camellia• Rhododendron• Pieris• Viburnum• Kalmia (Mountain
laurel)• Syringa (Lilac)
Blight and Dieback Hosts
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• Symptoms can be subtle – Pin head lesions
• Look for irregular-shaped brown lesions on the leaves
• Sometimes only the tips of leaves are brown
• Look for lower leaves that have fallen off
Camellias
Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
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Photos: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture & Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
Camellias
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Pin head lesions
Camellias
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Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
Camellias
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Older Symptoms
Camellias
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Sunscald on CamelliaTomas Pastalka, CDFA
Camellias
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Leaf Drop
Camellias
USDA APHIS PPQ
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Recent Symptoms Have More Diffuse Edges and Water Soaked Appearance
Camellias
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Sun scorch on camellia
Photo: Carrie Harmon, University of Florida
Camellias
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Phytophthora ramorum-Infected Rhododendron leaves
Dave Rizzo, UCD
Tim Tidwell, CDFA
Rhododendron
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Rhododendron macrophyllum
Shoot dieback Foliar blight Foliar blightPhoto: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University
Rhododendron
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Stem Canker and Leaf Symptoms of P. ramorum
Rhododendrons in Europe
Rhododendron
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Photo: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University
Rhododendron macrophyllum
Rhododendron
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Rhododendron ‘Unique’Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University
Rhododendron
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Photo: Mike Benson, NCSU
Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora species
Rhododendron
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 32Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University
Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora syringae
Rhododendron
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Abiotic Diseases of Rhododendron
Photo: Steve Tjosvold, UCCE
Rhododendron
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Phytophthora root rot - not caused by P. ramorum
Rhododendron
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Sun scorch
Gray blight can develop on sun scorched rhododendron leaves
Photo: Rich Regan, Oregon State University
Rhododendron
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Pieris japonica Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
PierisPieris
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Pierisjaponica
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
PierisPieris
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ViburnumViburnum
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
Viburnum x bodnantense ‘’Dawn’
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Viburnum x bodnantense‘Dawn’
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
ViburnumViburnum
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Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University
ViburnumViburnum
Viburnum plicatum tomentosum‘Mariesii’
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stem canker
Photo: Sabine Werres, Institut für Pflanzenschutz im Gartenbau, Germany
ViburnumViburnum
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ViburnumViburnum
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Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Photo: DEFRA
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Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Photos: J. Fallacy, WSDA
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Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel)Photo: Robert Linderman, USDA-ARS
Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Similar symptoms – submit sample
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 46Photo: Peter Angwin, USDA-Forest Service
Similar symptoms Similar symptoms –– submit samplesubmit sample
Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel)
Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
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Syringa (Lilac)
Photo: Alexandra Schlenzig, Scottish Agricultural Science Agency
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Conifers
Photo: Santa Clara Co. (CA) Agriculture Dept. & Dave Rizzo, UC Davis
Grand fir Douglas-fir
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For More Information
• APHIS: www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/pramorum
• California Oak Mortality Task Force:www.suddenoakdeath.org
• NCIPM:www.ncipm.org/sod