Artificial intelligence

Boon for INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES…!!!

What is Intelligence ?

• Intelligence is what we use when we don’t know what to do.

• People can recognize intelligence in other people and animals.

Features of Intelligence

Intelligence requires an ability to

• Perform complex tasks• Recognize complex patterns• Solve unseen problems• Learn from experience

Features of Intelligence

• Learn from instruction• Use Natural Language: English ,

French, Dutch, etc.• Be aware of self (consciousness)• Use tools

What is Artificial Intelligence…

• Artificial Intelligence is the study of “how to make computers do things which at the moment people do better”.

• It aims at Making Computer Intelligent

Continued…

• AI is the study of heuristics, rather than algorithms

Algorithm

• A prescription for solving a given problem, over a defined range of input conditions.

Example: Solving a quadratic equation, or a set of N linear equations involving N variables.

Heuristic

• A rule of thumb, which usually works but may not do so in all circumstances.

Example :- Getting to college in time for a 9.00 a.m. lecture

The Turing Thesis

• There is no functional difference between

brains and computers.

• Any thought process used by a human can, in principle, be programmed into a computer.

Alan M. Turing

Turing Machine

• A Turing Machine is a mathematical model of a digital computer running a program.

• Alan Turing hypothesized that a TM can perform any arithmetic / logical task that we may specify. TM can perform tasks such as solving equations.

• There is one TM that can simulate all other TMs. (Called the Universal Turing Machine, UTM)

A Big mistake

Given enough time and money,

science / mathematics can

solve any problem.

Impossibility

There are some tasks that neither people nor computers can do - and never will! Types of Impossibility :-• Limitations of the human mind• Limitations of present-day

technology (dynamic)• Limits due to the finite age / size of

the Universe

Applications Of A.I.

Business• Credit rating and risk

assessment • Insurance risk evaluation • Fraud detection • Insider dealing detection • Marketing analysis • Signature verification • Inventory control

Engineering• Speech recognition• Gaming • Machinery defect diagnosis • Signal processing • Character recognition • Process supervision • Process fault analysis • Machine vision • Radar signal classification

Applications Of A.I.(Contd..)

• Securityo Face recognition o Speaker verification o Fingerprint analysis

• Medicineo General diagnosis o Detection of heart defects

Science• Recognizing genes • Botanical classification • Bacteria identification

Importance Of A.I.

• AI about creating intelligent entities, with a range of abilities such as language, vision, manipulation/navigation..

• It helps us to break the prism of past experiences and plunge into the large ocean of productivity.

• The examples are many and for instance four colour problem.

Importance Of A.I.(Contd.)

• Artificial intelligence has successfully been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery, video games and toys. Frequently, when a technique reaches mainstream use it is no longer considered artificial intelligence, sometimes described as the AI effect.It may also become integrated into artificial life.

Application Forecast

• Future sales • Production Requirements • Market Performance • Economic Indicators • Energy Requirements • Time Based Variables

• CHANDRA PRAKASH SINGHINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-7TH SEM.