Art & Technology

Art  &  Technology  

Since   beginning   peoples   expressed   their   desire   in   a   visual   form.   Events   that   describe   the  

existence,   struggle   to   overcome   various   problems   in   life   as   well   as   hunting   and   many   other  

things  then  realized  through  the  skills  of  members  of  its  body,  namely  by  hand,  either  to  paint  or  

sculpt.  As  the  story  of  the  hunt  in  the  prehistoric  paintings  on  display  on  the  walls  of  the  Lascaux  

caves   in   France,   or   carved   on  Borobudur   temple   reliefs   depicting   human  behavior   that   is   still  

bound  by  lust  (Kamadatu  level).  

                                                                                                   Ilustration.  Borobudur  relief  photo  by  Shintu  

         With   the   development   and   interest   in   science,   particularly   in   the   field   of   optics   and  

chemistry,   led   the   invention   of   photography.   This   new   media   pioneered   by   figures   such   as  

Nicéphore  Niepce  and   then   refined  by   JM.  Daquerre.  New  means   that  no   longer   relies  on   the  

skills  of  the  members  of  this  body,  the  equipment  resulting  from  the  imitation  of  the  work  of  the  

human   body,   the   eyes   and   the   brain.   This   indicates   a   functional   understanding   of   related  

techniques.   As   by   E.   Kapp   and   a   biologist   and   philosophy   expressed   in   understanding   "organ  

projection"   the   description   is   a   member   of   the   human   body   can   project   and   the   advanced  

functions  of  the  human  body  in  the  form  of  equipment.1  

                                                                                                               1  1Prof.Dr.C.A.van  Peursen,  Strategi  Kebudayaan,  Kanisius,  Yogyakarta  1976,  hal  121  

                                                                           Ilustration  2.  Camera  and  human  eye,  courtesy  Strategi  Kebudayaan  

         The   findings  of   this  photographic  medium   then  perform   its   functions   in   a   variety  of  needs,  

ranging  from  capturing  the  image  in  the  event  of  marriage,  birth,  death,  the  need  for  laboratory  

research,  completeness   illustrations   in  books,  promotional  needs   in  the  fields  of  trade,  politics  

and  also  used  to  meet  the  needs  of  expression  etc.  Thus  expanding  the  role  of  photography  in  

the   community   needs.   Many   ways   are   used   to   propagate   the   current   photographic   camera  

products  are  made  in  such  a  way  to  attract  attention.  Some  are  made  in  a  way  -­‐  a  way  that   is  

quite  sensational,  as  the  slogan  says  that  painting  is  dead.  Tips  like  that  sometimes  it  is  needed  

in   the   world   of   promotion,   in   order   to   arouse   the   attention   of   then   absorb   the   message   in  

memory   of   the   products   are   marketed.   As   a   finding   photography   is   stunning,   too   much  

development   is   characterized   by   innovation   -­‐   innovation   and   managed   to   encourage   the  

emergence  of  forms  -­‐  new  forms  of  expression  which  also  marks  the  distinctive  characteristics  

of   the   media.   However,   attendance   and   progress   was   not   as   what   is   expressed   in   its  

propaganda,  painting  and  sculpture  remain  present  and  growing.  Not  even  a  little  bit  of  work  -­‐  

the  work  of  artists  who  are  taking  advantage  of  the  photographic  medium.  Perhaps  also  we  can  

remember  Dede  Eri  Supria  paintings  in  the  1990s.  He  utilizes  the  photo  through  a  slide  projector  

projected   onto   the   canvas,   sometimes   he   also   did   buildup   image   (super   imposse)   on   canvas,  

then   process   them   in   a   way   -­‐   a   way   that   is   generally   done   in   paint,   like   coloring   them  with  

brushes,  palette  etc.    

         The  same  is  done  by  the  photographers  of  the  painting.  Derek  Galon,  Canadian  photographer  

who  works  photograph  titled  Anatomy  Lesson  in  2103  successfully  obtained  numerous  awards  

from  various  photography  contests  in  various  countries,  including  the  Gold  Medal  at  the  London  

Int.  Salon  of  Photography  2013,  the  Gold  Medal  at  Photo  Art  Championship  2013  in  Austria,  FIAP  

Gold  Medal  in  Belgium  ISO  2013,  and  several  other  awards.  Insipirasinya  photographic  work  of  

legendary   painter   Rembrandt.2  The   whole   arrangement   of   good   visual   placement   of   objects,  

properties  and   lighting,  all  of  which  are  similar  to  what   is  done  by  Rembrandt   in  his  paintings.  

Thus  the  presence  of  new  media   is  not  shut  down  before  the  media,  but  to  complement  each  

other.  In  the  field  of  films  are  also  many  forms  of  influence  are  absorbed  from  the  various  forms  

of  art  that  has  been  present  before.  Rembrandt  painting  style  in  processing  the  brightness  and  

choose  high  contrast  between  the  dark  light,  or  what  is  often  referred  to  as  Chiaroscuro,  style  of  

painting   that  developed   in  Europe   in   the   late  17th  century   is  also  used   in   the  arrangement  of  

light  in  filmmaking  or  known  as  Rembrandt  Lighting  or  Low  Key.3  

                             Ilustration  3.  Lesson  of  Anatomy  courtesy  www.ozonzonebooks.wordpress.com    25/01/2015  

         Process  of  work  done  by  photographer  Derek  Galon  no  resemblance  to  what  was  done  by  the  

artists  of  American  citizens  of  German  origin  named  Janet  Echelman.  They  do  the  excavation  of  

the   form  -­‐  a   form  of  expression  of   the  past  with  different  approaches.   Janet  Echelman,  artists  

who  had  wandered  in  several  Asian  countries,  including  India  and  Indonesia  in  about  the  1990s.  

                                                                                                               2  Richard  Whittle,  “Dalon  –  Anatomy  Lesson”  diakses  dari  http://www.ozonzonebooks/dalon/award  /Derek  Galon_3250.html,  diunduh  25  Januari  2015  jam  14.08    3  David  Bordwell,  Film  Art,  Knopf  Publisher,  New  York,  2002,  page  43  

From  perjalananannya  he  is  interested  in  various  forms  of  traditional  tools  used  by  the  people  in  

place  disinggahinya.  One  of  the  most  attention   is  woven  fishing  nets  used  by  the  fishermen  of  

India.4  Objects   that   are   then   provide   inspiration   and   encouragement   to   the   creative   spirit   in  

kekaryaannya.    She  spend  lot  of  time  to  learn  the  fishing  nets.  

In  the  next  steps  Janet  shift  work  patterns  and  knowledge  about  the  manual  dexterity  to  shutter  

technology.  Some  of  the  activities  done  during  the  incubation  of  which  is  the  introduction  to  a  

variety  of  materials  processing   technology   tools   into   the   form  of  woven,   choose  a   lightweight  

material,   can  be   resistant   to  weather  and  pollution,  designing  equipment   that  will   be  used   to  

assemble  the  various  visual  elements  are  used,  do  the  research  to  obtain  information  regarding  

wind   direction   and   speed.   Other   activities   during   the   preparation   is   to   negotiate   with   the  

various   parties   associated  with   licensing   issues.   Because  most   of   the  work   of   Janet   Echelman  

displayed   in   public   spaces.   Thus,   it   can   be   concluded   that   the   technology   is   good   for   Janet  

Echelman  or  anyone  who  have  creative  fantasy,  technology  is  a  medium  which  s  it  will  supports  

them.  

                                 Ilustrasi  5.  Janet  Creation  in  Amsterdam  Canal,  courtesy  www.blog.blendimage.com,  25/01/  201  

       Technology  is  not  only  technical  aspect,  but  also  affect  various  aspects  of  life.5  But  the  obvious  

is  to  accelerate  the  dynamics  of  life,  able  to  overcome  the  problem  of  distance,  renew  the  habit  

                                                                                                               4  TED,  Janet  Echeclman  –  Taking  Imagination  Seriously,  Filmed  Maret  2011      5  Prof.Dr.C.A.van  Peursen,  Strategi  Kebudayaan,  Kanisius,  Yogyakarta  1976,  page  127      

-­‐  a  habit  in  the  field  of  employment  and  the  opportunity  to  find  a  way  out  that  can  overcome  a  

problem.  Similarly,  in  the  process  of  creation.  As  the  election  materials  used  in  the  work  of  Janet  

Echelman.  This   is  a  solution  that   is  generated  by   the  technology  to  overcome  the  problems   in  

determining  the  material  according  to  need.  Lightweight  materials  such  as  what  could  produce  

such  movements  generated  by  the  fishing  nets  of  fishermen  in  India  when  blown  by  the  wind,  

the  material  is  also  resistant  to  weather  and  strong  to  withstand  the  load.    

         Technology   will   continue   to   grow   if   the   function   gets   the   response   from   users.   The  more  

responses   increasingly  known  new  needs,  which   led   to   further  developments.  A  very  dynamic  

development   in   camera   technology   digitalpun   occurs   because   the   camera   equipment  

manufacturers  know  that  the  filmmakers  always  compare  quality  of  images  produced  by  digital  

cameras  with  celluloid.  

         Acceleration   in   technological   developments   sometimes   also   surprising,   especially   if   the  

presence   occurs   in   a   short   time,   as   it   happened   in   the   infrastructure   in   the   Indonesian   film  

industry  recently.  Digitizing  remodel  previously  established  order,  because  the  digital  medium  is  

not  only   applied   to   the  production   stage,   but   also  used   in  distribution.   Cameras   that  use   raw  

materials  celluloid  no  longer  be  used,  because  the  engine  has  been  shut  film  negative  process,  

machine  equipment  for  the  transfer  of  the  film  in  the  form  of  data  could  not  be  used  anymore,  

replaced  the  previous  analog  projectors  with  digital,  as  well  as  the  projected  image  is  no  longer  

in   the   form   celluloid   reels   but   now   in   the   form   of   data   collected   on   the   DCP   (Digital   Cinema  

Package).  

         The  relatively  short  development  also  resulted   in  the  collapse  of  many  companies  that  rent  

out   some   film   equipment,   a   company   engaged   in   the   field   of   post-­‐production   services,   also  

causes  many   changes   in   the   patterns   of   production.   Distributor   of   raw  materials   also   clearly  

affected   celluloid,   was   attempting   to   stay   afloat   while,   but   after   it   was   forced   to  move   land  

trade.   Similarly,   the   teachers   at   the   school   filmpun   quite   bothered   about   having   to   make  

adjustments  to  the  lecture  material  in  accordance  with  the  development.  

         However,  throughout  the  history  of  its  existence,  the  technology  will  continue  to  change  and  

evolve.   Starting   from   the   era   of   machine   technology,   energy   up   to   the   stage   of   information  

technology,   its   presence   goal   is   to   help   and   provide   convenience   for   human   life,   including   in  

meeting   the   needs   of   expression   or   the   creation   of   works.   The   technology   itself   is   an  

opportunity  to  be  exploited.  If  related  to  a  matter  of  time,  without  the  technology  of  today  we  

will  be  very  busy  to  get  in  touch  with  someone  if  you  still  have  to  use  the  telephone  cable,  we  

first  have  to  go  to  the  post  office  to  send  news  by  mail,  to  see  the  results  of  image  recording  or  

editing  needs  to  be  wait  2  or  3  days  to  see  the  results  of  the  laboratory  films  etc.  images.  So  if  it  

is  associated  with  what  the  role  of  technology,  then  the  problem  becomes  the  bottleneck  is  the  

closure  or  rejection.   In  fact,  there   is  also  the  denial  of  a  relatively  extreme,  such  as  stopping  a  

job  or  profession  that  had  been  occupied,  it  just  because  of  the  changing  in  creation  medium.  

         As  alluded  to  earlier,  that  the  process  of  technological  development  is  also  determined  by  the  

responses.  At  the  beginning  of  the  digital  camera  technology  introduced  in  the  film  industry,  the  

quality  of  the  resulting   image  is  still  relatively   low.  By  filmmakers  emergence  of  new  means  of  

course  is  not  taken  seriously,  even  considered  as  a  suitable  camera  equipment  the  home  only,  

not  suitable  for  use  in  the  professional  level.  The  situation  at  the  beginning  was  also  responded  

to   by   the   producers   of   celluloid   with   an   abusive   response,   even   though   the   producers   of  

celluloid  was  also  troubled  by  the  appearance  of  the  new  facility  which  would  also  continue  to  

evolve   for   the   better   and   could   be   a   competitor   of   their   products.   Then   emerging   forms   of  

promotion  by  manufacturers  of  raw  materials  in  order  to  imaging  products  celluloid  maintained  

and  they  remain  the  flagship  product.  

         Within  less  than  two  decades  of  digital  technology  applied  to  the  film  industry  experienced  a  

lot   of   very   significant   development.   In   1999,   famed   director   George   Lucas   began   the   use   of  

digital   in   the   film   Star  Wars   Episode   1   The   Phantom  Menace.6  In   the   film   actually   Lucas   still  

combines  footage  from  celluloid  and  has  not  been  fully  digital.  However,  technical  success  also  

promotional  support,  the  film  was  recorded  as  blockbusters  (box  office)   in  that  year.  This  then  

encourages  Lucas  to  use  digital  technology  in  film  production  -­‐  the  next  film.  The  debate  on  the  

                                                                                                               6  Philip  J.Cianci,  HDTV  and  the  Transition  to  Digital  Broadcasting,  Focal  Press,  New  York  2009,  page  68    

difference  of  the  characteristics  of  the  media  is  no  longer  true  that  it  is  important  to  debate,  let  

alone  the  traders  who  argue.  But  more  important  for  the  creation  of  space  is  the  development  

has   led   the   filmmakers   to  new  options   that   can  be  used  as  a  means   to   channel   their   creative  

ideas  in  visual  form.  

         In   2009,   Slumdog   Millionaire   became   the   first   film   to   use   digital   cameras   and   won   the  

Academy  Award  for  Best  Cinematography  category.7  This  means  that  the  quality  teknispun  new  

media  (digital)  is  no  longer  in  doubt.  Moreover,  the  conduct  special  assessment  for  the  field  of  

cinematography   is   the   judges  who  are  members  of   the  SMPTE   (Society  of  Motion  Picture  and  

Television   Engineering)   which   certainly   understand   technical   issues,   because   they   also   are  

making  technical  standardization,  both  in  the  film  and  television  industry.    

         In  the  book  Cultural  Strategy,  C.A.  Van  Peursen  (1976:  133)  argues  that  "technology  is  not  just  

technical,  but  also  related  to  the  organization".  In  other  words,  technology  or  just  an  inanimate  

object  that  offers  the  opportunity  to  fill  it  with  a  variety  of  expressions,  but  also  encourage  the  

talent  and  the  need  to  organize.  Organize  something  also  means  a  change  that  happened  to  the  

participants   of   the   organization,   awareness   of   things   that   happen   in   the   new   environment.  

Organizing   is   a   way   of   combining   the   potential   to   strengthen   the   creation.   Perhaps   the  

organization  system  in  the  world  of  the  film  is  not  a  new  thing,  because  it  is  in  working  patterns  

film  products  work  done  is  by  way  of  collaboration  which  is  the  integration  of  a  variety  of  skill  

areas.  

                                                                                                               7  www.yidio.com/movie/Slumdog-­‐Millionaire  

Ilustrasi  8.  Pink  Floyd  at  Stadion  of  Roma,  Italia.    

courtesy  www.indpendent.co.uk.  26/01/2015  

         However,   a   similar   pattern   was   also   a   lot   of   work   done   on   the   performances   of   the  

performing  arts,  the  performing  arts  of  music  for  example.  As  an  illustration,  a  progressive  rock  

group   Pink   Floyd   music   in   collaboration   with   Mark   Fisher's   stage   manager,   lighting   designer  

Patrick  Woodroffe  and  also  filmmakers,  animators  who  then  design  an  integrated  concept  for  a  

show.  Collaboration  which   is   also  an  overview  of   the  utilization  of   technology  products   in   the  

performing  arts,  as  well  as  the  use  of  laser  light,  the  appearance  of  elements  -­‐  visual  elements  

that   use   hydraulic   equipment,   visualization   of   the   film   projected   from   angles   as   is   commonly  

done   in   the   cinema   and   the   image   quality   the   high   resolution   (high   definition),   technology   in  

sound   equipment   etc.   So   that   the   overall   performance   of   the   music   is   a   picture   that   can  

represent   forms   of   expression   and   creation   of   employment   patterns   in   the   world   that   can  

represent  his  day.  

         Recognize,  explore  the  possibility  of  which  can  be  obtained,  or  combining  the  characteristics  

of  different  media  to  seek  the  possibility  of  the  formation  of  a  new  and  unique  works,  such  as  

collaboration  in  1946  were  done  by  Picasso  in  Gijon  Mili  photographer  from  Life  Time  magazine,  

is   a   simple   example   of   an   open   stance   win-­‐win   solution.   By   utilizing   the   technical   facilities  

owned  photo  camera,  which  shutter   is  set  to   low  speed  (slow  speed)  and  then  combined  with  

spontaneity   and   skill   in   drawing   a   line   Picasso.   Movement   of   the   light   coming   from   a   small  

flashlight  held  and  moved  Picasso  produce  the  recorded  image  is  shaped  like  a  line  out  sketches  

or  paintings.  

         Man's   relationship   with   technology   is   already   properly   established   fairness.   Technology  

equipment  are  forms  of  life  (forms  of  life)  that  have  been  fused  with  human  life  itself.  The  most  

obvious  example   is  the  television  that  has  become  part  of  people's  daily   life  now.  Television  is  

very   inherent   in  perception,   thought,  and  behavior,   so  he  became  an   indelible  part   in  cultural  

life  today.  Demkian  also  in  relation  to  the  creation  of  art.  

            As   what   has   been   said   by   Prof.   Dr   Sapardi   Djoko   Damono   at   one   discussion   that   any  

development  occurring,   including  technology,  should  be  responded  with  an  active  attitude.  By  

looking  at   the  positive  nature,  we  can   take  advantage  of  exploiting  even  according   to  what   is  

desired.  The  pace  of  technology  is  very  fast,  within  a  relatively  short  period  of  time  continue  to  

make   changes.   Thus,   it   is   appropriate   that   the   products   are   optimized   before   the   technology  

becomes  garbage,  because  there  will  always  be  replaced  with  new  ones.