1 Art Deco Ring - Student notes Art Deco inspired silver ring Name: ____________________________________________ Class: _____________ contents 1 Contents 2 Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation Notes 3 Art Deco information sheets 8 Art Deco Homework question sheets 10 Image Brainstorm 11 Ring Design Templates 12 Design Brief 13 Project Overview 14 Concept sketching Information Sheet 15 Concept sketching 16 Freehand Perspective Drawing 17 Accurate Perspective Drawing 18 Lost Wax Casting Process – Information sheet 21 Lost Wax Casting Homework Question Sheet 22 Jewellery Tools 23 Working with Wax and Silver 24 Flow Diagram 25 Project Evaluation 27 Insert Class Test Denotes information sheet Denotes work sheet Collate all sheets according to this contents page and place this page on the front for presentation assessment This document must not be copied without permission
Art Deco Ring-Studentnotes
Mar 22, 2023
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Microsoft Word - art deco student notes.docName: ____________________________________________ Class: _____________
contents
1 Contents 2 Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation Notes 3 Art Deco information sheets 8 Art Deco Homework question sheets 10 Image Brainstorm 11 Ring Design Templates 12 Design Brief 13 Project Overview 14 Concept sketching Information Sheet 15 Concept sketching 16 Freehand Perspective Drawing 17 Accurate Perspective Drawing 18 Lost Wax Casting Process – Information sheet 21 Lost Wax Casting Homework Question Sheet 22 Jewellery Tools 23 Working with Wax and Silver 24 Flow Diagram 25 Project Evaluation 27 Insert Class Test Denotes information sheet Denotes work sheet Collate all sheets according to this contents page and place this page on the front for presentation
assessment
2
Art Deco Ring Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation Notes Use this page to make notes while, or after, you watch the Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation.
Period: Places: Philosophy: People: Products:
This document must not be copied without permission
3
Art Deco Ring Art Deco Information Art Deco occurred mainly in the period between the two World Wars, 1920 – 1939. During this period, designers embraced the Age of Machines, Technology and other symbols of 20th Century progress and attempted to portray the essence of contemporary living through a modernised approach to style.The style is characterised by the use of overlapping angular and geometric shapes and forms, rounded corners, stepped formations and decorative elements such as stripes. All shapes had to be in geometrical order and demonstrate a simple style.This style influenced many aspects of the design world including architecture, furniture, industrial design, clothing and fashion, jewellery and graphic design. At the time, the design style wasn’t actually called ‘Art Deco’, but was referred to as ‘Modernistic’ or ‘Style Moderne’. It wasn’t until the 1960’s when a British art critic and historian named Bevis Hillier was reviewing the work of this period that the term ‘Art Deco’ was first used. Bevis Hillier adapted this term from a major international design exhibition which took place in France in 1925. The exhibition was called ‘Exposition International des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes’. In English this roughly translates to: ‘International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts’. Thus the term ‘Art Deco’ was coined and is still used today to refer to the design style of the 1920’s and 30’s. Art Deco design was influenced by innovations and discoveries worldwide such as abstract art from Africa, for example, tribal masks and artifacts, Egyptian tombs and pyramids, for example, the discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922 and discoveries of Aztec and Mayan temples in the 1920’s and 30’s. Designers were obsessed with all things new and exciting. Even though Art Deco was a design style and not an art movement, designers were influeced by cubist painters such as Picasso and their use of overlapping geometric shapes.
King tutankhamun’s Tomb 1922
This document must not be copied without permission
4 As technology progressed, for example the introduction of television, accessible electricity, improved communication systems, incredible engineering feats and the increased use of the motor car, Art Deco designers celebrated this ‘machine age’. At this time aviation used scientific, aerodynamic engineering principles which created sleek, streamlined designs. In the 1930’s Art Deco designers embraced this modern style and applied the same streamlined forms to items of contemporary living, such as the automobile, the refrigerator, radio and even cigerette cases. This simple style created an ultra modern appearance.
Streamlined car circa 1930 streamlined Art Deco perfume bottle Even though Art Deco style had its origins in Europe, by 1931 the United States had built at least two architectural structures that today are still revered as the best examples of Art Deco style skyscrapers in the world: New York’s Chrysler Building designed by William Van Alen, one of the most prominent Art Deco style architects, and the Empire State Building. Both structures possess design elements which are reminiscent of ancient Egyptian and Aztec pyramids especially in the tiered zig-zag formations. Art Deco influenced not only major architectural designs in Europe and America but worldwide. In Australia, many private homes and apartment facades, shop fronts, pubs and cinemas still display Art Deco features particularly the rounded corners, ornate multi layered brick work and geometric patterned stained glass windows.
Chrysler building 1930 Empire State building 1931
This document must not be copied without permission
5 Art Deco style was seen across all spectrums of the design and architectural world. Kem Weber was a prominent industrial designer, furniture designer and architect of the Art Deco period. He was highly influenced by the streamlined forms of aerodynamics and encompassed rounded corners in a number of his designs. As well as embarking on numerous architectural commissions, he also designed household items such as cocktail shakers, lamps and even clocks. His most well known design is the ‘airline chair’ designed in 1934-5 which has rounded corners and an extremely futuristic aesthetic.
Kem Weber ‘Zephyr’ clock 1933 lamp circa 1930 ‘Airline Chair’ 1934-5
Art Deco furniture, was designed for a very select clientele. Young affluent, educated consumers earning good wages in the city could afford the prices of the high quality materials being used at the time, for example exotic veneers, bronze, ivory, parchment and gauchet (stingray skin). They appreciated the clean lines and streamlining of traditional forms. Fashionable furniture in the 1930’s was made to order. If a customer liked what they saw in a catalogue or showroom, an order was placed direct with the designer and their furniture was custom made and shipped to them in flat pack form ready for the customer to assemble. Jacques Emile Ruhlmann was a prominent furniture designer of the period. His furniture designs are characterised by perfectly proportioned, simplistic forms and a particular attention to detail.
Jacques Emile Ruhlmann circa 1924 table 1928
This document must not be copied without permission
6
Betty Joel is considered to be another influential Art Deco designer. Aspects of her designs such as simple lines and geometric shapes demonstrate a strong Art Deco style including a modern aesthetic as seen in these pieces.
Betty Joel Art Deco desk 1926 dressing table 1930
Art Deco design style was evident in graphic design. Posters were usually made up of simple geometric forms using a central dominant image that drew the viewer’s attention. Lettering was bold and highly stylized, typical of the Art Deco period, like the lettering in this poster celebrating the dynamism and modern engineering feat of the Normandie, a highly regarded ship. The poster was designed by Cassandre, a famous French graphic designer.
Cassandre ‘Normandie poster’ 1935.
Art Deco influences are evident in fashion design of the period as it incorporated a more modern twist. As fashion constraints relaxed, no longer did ladies feel pressured to wear corsets as the clothing was now only semi-fitted using draping fabrics. There was great experimentation as designers were taking on different perspectives. Seaming became a decorative feature and there was use of many surface embellishments. Erte, a French fashion designer was perhaps the most influential fashion designer of the time, his designs were elegant and highly stylised. Of course fashion heavily influenced the jewellery being produced at the time. The ‘flapper’ body shape, thin and flat chested, allowed for jewellery to become more of a focal point. With sleeveless dresses coming into vogue so too did bracelets and multiple bangles worn on the wrists and upper arms. As the dresses were essentially quite plain, long swinging necklaces hanging down as far as the waist were a common accessory. The highly fashionable cropped haircut meant that long earings could be worn to complement the new look. Women stopped wearing gloves so much so, that rings could be displayed, and bold geometric brooches were now worn with a freedom like never before, adorning coats, hats, collars and even belts.
This document must not be copied without permission
7
An example of ladies fashion in the 1920’s and 30’s
Typically in the Art Deco period, jewellery design was influenced by geometric shapes such as circles, squares, arcs, rectangles, triangles and so on. Various materials were classically used for Art Deco jewellery such as rubies, gold, pearls, plastic, chrome, bakelite and steel. Due to the new mentality of being up to the minute and in step with all things modern and the freedom that cheaper materials bought, costume jewellery became extremely popular and designs became much more outrageous. The finer pieces of this period were often handmade by highly skilled silversmiths and jewellers. Raymond Templier was born into a family of Parisian jewellers and so it was a natural progression that he came to be a jewellery designer. He was influenced by the Art Deco period and so his designs were often geometric. He creatively used white metals and incorporated them with dark stones such as onyx. He also used dark platinum and scattered diamonds on brooches to create contrast.
Raymond Templier brooch 1928 Bangle 1931 Questions for discussion 1. What is meant by the term ‘contemporary living’? 2. What part did technology play in the development of Art Deco design? 3. Why do you think the style at the time was called 'Modernistic' or 'Style Moderne'? 4. Why did Art Deco designers use forms from aviation? 5. How did ladies fashion influence jewellery design?
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
8
Art Deco Ring Homework questions
ART DECO HOMEWORK QUESTIONS Period 1. When did the Art Deco design style mainly occur? (Between what years?) ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. What was the style referred to at the time it was occurring? ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. Who was the first person to call the style Art Deco? _____________________ 4. What year did he/she call it this? ___________________________________ 5. From where did he/she get the name? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Place 6. Where did the Art Deco design style begin? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. To which countries did Art Deco design style spread? ______________________________________________________________ Philosophy 8. What were Art Deco designers trying to achieve / show in their designs? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 9. What influenced Art Deco design style? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
9 People 10. Name at least 3 Art Deco designers. Include:
• Their name • Nationality • Year of birth and death • Their design specialisations (eg: architect, silversmith, graphic designer,
furniture designer etc.) • Any other interesting information about them, or their designs.
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Products 11. Paste / print at least 6 images of Art Deco designs / products across at least 3 design disciplines. Make sure you label your images (designer, year it was designed, materials etc.) and indicate what makes the design Art Deco.
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
10
Art Deco Ring Image Brainstorm
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
11
#1 #2 #3
#4 #5 #6
#7 #8 #9
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
12
Art Deco Design Brief
Background The Art Deco design style was seen as an exciting response to the dynamic changes occurring between the war years. Art Deco design can be seen among all spectrums of the design world – from architecture, glassware, textiles, graphics etc. Art Deco design is characterized by the overlapping of simple geometric shapes to create ornamentation. Jewellery designers often base their own designs on aspects of historical design styles. Various techniques and technologies are used to make different jewellery pieces and create different effects. Machinery has now introduced the possibility of mass production, however some traditional concepts are still used today. Brief Design and make a sterling silver ring using the Art Deco design style as your design catalyst Parameters:
• The ring must be designed according to the Art Deco design style • Blue ring wax must be used to make the model. • Your ring must have no sharp edges or be dangerous to wear, or pose a threat to
others. • The sprue must be removed. • The finished ring will be cast in silver. • the ring shank must not exceed 1mm in height and the top section must not exceed
2mm in height. • The width will be no more than 7mm at the widest point. (see diagram on project
overview page.) • Your ring will be sufficiently polished • No letters, hearts, stars, footballs etc. will be included in your design (check with
your teacher if you are unsure) Submission: • A set of concept sketches (on design sheets and in Fine liner pen). Annotate. • At least 3 Fimo prototypes of your ring designs • Ring design template page and an accurate perspective drawing of your final design • A flow diagram explaining the making processes (see flow diagram information sheet) • A final product • An evaluation
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
13
Art Deco Ring Project overview
Dimensions Part Description Maximum Dimensions
1 Height of top section 2 mm 2 Height of bottom section .8 mm 3 Width of band 7 mm
1 .
3
2
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
14
Art Deco R i ng Concept sketching information sheet Concept sketches are done in the ideas stage of the design process. • Concept sketches are always freehand and drawn quickly. • Use a fine liner (not pencil). • Never scribble, or cross out, what you think are bad ideas. • Show various views - perspective, orthogonal, sectional and detail views) • Use colour • Use your fine liner in the following way
1. Construct your overall shape, • Light lines are drawn quickly • Start with a box and then modify it • Lines are long • Some lines will be incorrect 2. Firm in the correct lines • Go over them more slowly • Lines are long • Make an outline extra dark 3. Shade in a chosen vertical face • Use light, fast diagonal lines 4. Annotate by adding notes on various aspects of your design • Words help people understand your ideas
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
15
Art Deco Ring Concept sketching
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
16
A
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Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
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Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
18
Art Deco Ring The Lost Wax Casting Process – Information
sheet Lost wax casting, also known as investment casting, dates back to the ancient times of crafting metal. Around 2500 BC the Sumerians, an ancient civilization, started using the lost wax casting method to make jars and cups. They made their products out of bees wax, cutting their design into the wax. Once they were happy with their design they would cover the entire model with clay and put bronze pins through the clay to hold it together. Once the clay was dry they would heat the entire bundle so that the wax inside would melt and drip out of the mould. When the clay was free from the wax they would fill the mould with molten bronze and allow it to cool. After the bronze had cooled they would break the clay mould and be left just with the bronze model exactly as the wax had been before. There are also records of this type of casting going back to the early dynasties of China, around 1700 BC, where treasures were kept in special bronze boxes which had been intricately cast by artists, and goblets were made as a sacrifice to the gods. In medieval Europe around 1200AD, lost wax casting was used in the cathedrals to cast bells. In West Africa there is also evidence of the lost wax casting method being used around 900 AD for the manufacturing of sculptures. Italian monks around 900 years ago also used this process to create large statues. Again, the monks used wax to create a model and then plaster as a mould. The wax was melted out of the plaster and the mould was filled with metal. The plaster mould was then broken away to reveal the metal statue. Most commonly, bronze, a mixture of copper and tin, were cast to create a number of items including weapons, jewellery, tools and statues. Even though the method has been around for over 6000 years, the concept remains the same, however, the precision and the technology used have improved. Jewellers for centuries have used rubber moulds when casting large quantities of products and dentists also have used this method to produce dental fillings since the 19th Century. At the beginning of World War II a need for lost wax casting was realised as there began to be a large demand for detailed body armour and aircraft parts. It was discovered that the lost wax casting process would assist in the manufacturing of these products due to the lack of machining operations involved in the process. As well as saving time, this process also reduced the costs of such productions. Manufacturers used processes dentists and jewellers were using, in order to quickly produce important items in large quantities. In today’s manufacturing of metal products, it is extremely common to see the lost wax casting method being used, especially where large quantities are to be produced. This form of casting is used where companies want a model or prototype of their product before official production occurs. This helps companies finalise their designs without spending excess amounts of money on creating the machine parts needed to produce products that may not be successful.
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
19 The jewellery design industry heavily relies on this form of mass production. Multiple castings can be created from the original wax model thus decreasing production time and costs but making maximum profit. Today the lost wax casting process is esentially the same process with the exception of more advanced equipment and machinery. The stages of casting a ‘one off’ ring are as follows:
1. A rod made of wax, called a sprue is attached to the wax
model. The sprue will later act as a funnel for the wax to melt out from the mould and the molten metal to be poured through into the mould.
2. The model is then mounted inside a flask (often a section of
metal piping) allowing the wax model to be suspended within the flask without touching the surfaces of the flask.
3. A plaster-like material, called investment, is then poured into
the flask which completely surrounds the wax model.
4. When the investment has hardened, the flask is then placed in
a high temperature kiln where the wax totally melts out through the sprue. This is why the process is called lost wax casting, because at this stage the wax is ‘lost’.
5. The flask now contains the investment with a hollow space that is exactly the shape of the original wax model.
6. Molten metal is then poured…
contents
1 Contents 2 Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation Notes 3 Art Deco information sheets 8 Art Deco Homework question sheets 10 Image Brainstorm 11 Ring Design Templates 12 Design Brief 13 Project Overview 14 Concept sketching Information Sheet 15 Concept sketching 16 Freehand Perspective Drawing 17 Accurate Perspective Drawing 18 Lost Wax Casting Process – Information sheet 21 Lost Wax Casting Homework Question Sheet 22 Jewellery Tools 23 Working with Wax and Silver 24 Flow Diagram 25 Project Evaluation 27 Insert Class Test Denotes information sheet Denotes work sheet Collate all sheets according to this contents page and place this page on the front for presentation
assessment
2
Art Deco Ring Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation Notes Use this page to make notes while, or after, you watch the Art Deco PowerPoint Presentation.
Period: Places: Philosophy: People: Products:
This document must not be copied without permission
3
Art Deco Ring Art Deco Information Art Deco occurred mainly in the period between the two World Wars, 1920 – 1939. During this period, designers embraced the Age of Machines, Technology and other symbols of 20th Century progress and attempted to portray the essence of contemporary living through a modernised approach to style.The style is characterised by the use of overlapping angular and geometric shapes and forms, rounded corners, stepped formations and decorative elements such as stripes. All shapes had to be in geometrical order and demonstrate a simple style.This style influenced many aspects of the design world including architecture, furniture, industrial design, clothing and fashion, jewellery and graphic design. At the time, the design style wasn’t actually called ‘Art Deco’, but was referred to as ‘Modernistic’ or ‘Style Moderne’. It wasn’t until the 1960’s when a British art critic and historian named Bevis Hillier was reviewing the work of this period that the term ‘Art Deco’ was first used. Bevis Hillier adapted this term from a major international design exhibition which took place in France in 1925. The exhibition was called ‘Exposition International des Arts Decoratifs Industriels et Modernes’. In English this roughly translates to: ‘International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts’. Thus the term ‘Art Deco’ was coined and is still used today to refer to the design style of the 1920’s and 30’s. Art Deco design was influenced by innovations and discoveries worldwide such as abstract art from Africa, for example, tribal masks and artifacts, Egyptian tombs and pyramids, for example, the discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922 and discoveries of Aztec and Mayan temples in the 1920’s and 30’s. Designers were obsessed with all things new and exciting. Even though Art Deco was a design style and not an art movement, designers were influeced by cubist painters such as Picasso and their use of overlapping geometric shapes.
King tutankhamun’s Tomb 1922
This document must not be copied without permission
4 As technology progressed, for example the introduction of television, accessible electricity, improved communication systems, incredible engineering feats and the increased use of the motor car, Art Deco designers celebrated this ‘machine age’. At this time aviation used scientific, aerodynamic engineering principles which created sleek, streamlined designs. In the 1930’s Art Deco designers embraced this modern style and applied the same streamlined forms to items of contemporary living, such as the automobile, the refrigerator, radio and even cigerette cases. This simple style created an ultra modern appearance.
Streamlined car circa 1930 streamlined Art Deco perfume bottle Even though Art Deco style had its origins in Europe, by 1931 the United States had built at least two architectural structures that today are still revered as the best examples of Art Deco style skyscrapers in the world: New York’s Chrysler Building designed by William Van Alen, one of the most prominent Art Deco style architects, and the Empire State Building. Both structures possess design elements which are reminiscent of ancient Egyptian and Aztec pyramids especially in the tiered zig-zag formations. Art Deco influenced not only major architectural designs in Europe and America but worldwide. In Australia, many private homes and apartment facades, shop fronts, pubs and cinemas still display Art Deco features particularly the rounded corners, ornate multi layered brick work and geometric patterned stained glass windows.
Chrysler building 1930 Empire State building 1931
This document must not be copied without permission
5 Art Deco style was seen across all spectrums of the design and architectural world. Kem Weber was a prominent industrial designer, furniture designer and architect of the Art Deco period. He was highly influenced by the streamlined forms of aerodynamics and encompassed rounded corners in a number of his designs. As well as embarking on numerous architectural commissions, he also designed household items such as cocktail shakers, lamps and even clocks. His most well known design is the ‘airline chair’ designed in 1934-5 which has rounded corners and an extremely futuristic aesthetic.
Kem Weber ‘Zephyr’ clock 1933 lamp circa 1930 ‘Airline Chair’ 1934-5
Art Deco furniture, was designed for a very select clientele. Young affluent, educated consumers earning good wages in the city could afford the prices of the high quality materials being used at the time, for example exotic veneers, bronze, ivory, parchment and gauchet (stingray skin). They appreciated the clean lines and streamlining of traditional forms. Fashionable furniture in the 1930’s was made to order. If a customer liked what they saw in a catalogue or showroom, an order was placed direct with the designer and their furniture was custom made and shipped to them in flat pack form ready for the customer to assemble. Jacques Emile Ruhlmann was a prominent furniture designer of the period. His furniture designs are characterised by perfectly proportioned, simplistic forms and a particular attention to detail.
Jacques Emile Ruhlmann circa 1924 table 1928
This document must not be copied without permission
6
Betty Joel is considered to be another influential Art Deco designer. Aspects of her designs such as simple lines and geometric shapes demonstrate a strong Art Deco style including a modern aesthetic as seen in these pieces.
Betty Joel Art Deco desk 1926 dressing table 1930
Art Deco design style was evident in graphic design. Posters were usually made up of simple geometric forms using a central dominant image that drew the viewer’s attention. Lettering was bold and highly stylized, typical of the Art Deco period, like the lettering in this poster celebrating the dynamism and modern engineering feat of the Normandie, a highly regarded ship. The poster was designed by Cassandre, a famous French graphic designer.
Cassandre ‘Normandie poster’ 1935.
Art Deco influences are evident in fashion design of the period as it incorporated a more modern twist. As fashion constraints relaxed, no longer did ladies feel pressured to wear corsets as the clothing was now only semi-fitted using draping fabrics. There was great experimentation as designers were taking on different perspectives. Seaming became a decorative feature and there was use of many surface embellishments. Erte, a French fashion designer was perhaps the most influential fashion designer of the time, his designs were elegant and highly stylised. Of course fashion heavily influenced the jewellery being produced at the time. The ‘flapper’ body shape, thin and flat chested, allowed for jewellery to become more of a focal point. With sleeveless dresses coming into vogue so too did bracelets and multiple bangles worn on the wrists and upper arms. As the dresses were essentially quite plain, long swinging necklaces hanging down as far as the waist were a common accessory. The highly fashionable cropped haircut meant that long earings could be worn to complement the new look. Women stopped wearing gloves so much so, that rings could be displayed, and bold geometric brooches were now worn with a freedom like never before, adorning coats, hats, collars and even belts.
This document must not be copied without permission
7
An example of ladies fashion in the 1920’s and 30’s
Typically in the Art Deco period, jewellery design was influenced by geometric shapes such as circles, squares, arcs, rectangles, triangles and so on. Various materials were classically used for Art Deco jewellery such as rubies, gold, pearls, plastic, chrome, bakelite and steel. Due to the new mentality of being up to the minute and in step with all things modern and the freedom that cheaper materials bought, costume jewellery became extremely popular and designs became much more outrageous. The finer pieces of this period were often handmade by highly skilled silversmiths and jewellers. Raymond Templier was born into a family of Parisian jewellers and so it was a natural progression that he came to be a jewellery designer. He was influenced by the Art Deco period and so his designs were often geometric. He creatively used white metals and incorporated them with dark stones such as onyx. He also used dark platinum and scattered diamonds on brooches to create contrast.
Raymond Templier brooch 1928 Bangle 1931 Questions for discussion 1. What is meant by the term ‘contemporary living’? 2. What part did technology play in the development of Art Deco design? 3. Why do you think the style at the time was called 'Modernistic' or 'Style Moderne'? 4. Why did Art Deco designers use forms from aviation? 5. How did ladies fashion influence jewellery design?
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
8
Art Deco Ring Homework questions
ART DECO HOMEWORK QUESTIONS Period 1. When did the Art Deco design style mainly occur? (Between what years?) ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. What was the style referred to at the time it was occurring? ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. Who was the first person to call the style Art Deco? _____________________ 4. What year did he/she call it this? ___________________________________ 5. From where did he/she get the name? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ Place 6. Where did the Art Deco design style begin? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 7. To which countries did Art Deco design style spread? ______________________________________________________________ Philosophy 8. What were Art Deco designers trying to achieve / show in their designs? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 9. What influenced Art Deco design style? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
9 People 10. Name at least 3 Art Deco designers. Include:
• Their name • Nationality • Year of birth and death • Their design specialisations (eg: architect, silversmith, graphic designer,
furniture designer etc.) • Any other interesting information about them, or their designs.
___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Products 11. Paste / print at least 6 images of Art Deco designs / products across at least 3 design disciplines. Make sure you label your images (designer, year it was designed, materials etc.) and indicate what makes the design Art Deco.
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
10
Art Deco Ring Image Brainstorm
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
11
#1 #2 #3
#4 #5 #6
#7 #8 #9
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
12
Art Deco Design Brief
Background The Art Deco design style was seen as an exciting response to the dynamic changes occurring between the war years. Art Deco design can be seen among all spectrums of the design world – from architecture, glassware, textiles, graphics etc. Art Deco design is characterized by the overlapping of simple geometric shapes to create ornamentation. Jewellery designers often base their own designs on aspects of historical design styles. Various techniques and technologies are used to make different jewellery pieces and create different effects. Machinery has now introduced the possibility of mass production, however some traditional concepts are still used today. Brief Design and make a sterling silver ring using the Art Deco design style as your design catalyst Parameters:
• The ring must be designed according to the Art Deco design style • Blue ring wax must be used to make the model. • Your ring must have no sharp edges or be dangerous to wear, or pose a threat to
others. • The sprue must be removed. • The finished ring will be cast in silver. • the ring shank must not exceed 1mm in height and the top section must not exceed
2mm in height. • The width will be no more than 7mm at the widest point. (see diagram on project
overview page.) • Your ring will be sufficiently polished • No letters, hearts, stars, footballs etc. will be included in your design (check with
your teacher if you are unsure) Submission: • A set of concept sketches (on design sheets and in Fine liner pen). Annotate. • At least 3 Fimo prototypes of your ring designs • Ring design template page and an accurate perspective drawing of your final design • A flow diagram explaining the making processes (see flow diagram information sheet) • A final product • An evaluation
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
13
Art Deco Ring Project overview
Dimensions Part Description Maximum Dimensions
1 Height of top section 2 mm 2 Height of bottom section .8 mm 3 Width of band 7 mm
1 .
3
2
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
14
Art Deco R i ng Concept sketching information sheet Concept sketches are done in the ideas stage of the design process. • Concept sketches are always freehand and drawn quickly. • Use a fine liner (not pencil). • Never scribble, or cross out, what you think are bad ideas. • Show various views - perspective, orthogonal, sectional and detail views) • Use colour • Use your fine liner in the following way
1. Construct your overall shape, • Light lines are drawn quickly • Start with a box and then modify it • Lines are long • Some lines will be incorrect 2. Firm in the correct lines • Go over them more slowly • Lines are long • Make an outline extra dark 3. Shade in a chosen vertical face • Use light, fast diagonal lines 4. Annotate by adding notes on various aspects of your design • Words help people understand your ideas
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
15
Art Deco Ring Concept sketching
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
16
A
R T
D EC
O R
IN G
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
17
R T
D EC
O R
IN G
Licensed for use by Nepean Christian School. This document must not be copied without permission
18
Art Deco Ring The Lost Wax Casting Process – Information
sheet Lost wax casting, also known as investment casting, dates back to the ancient times of crafting metal. Around 2500 BC the Sumerians, an ancient civilization, started using the lost wax casting method to make jars and cups. They made their products out of bees wax, cutting their design into the wax. Once they were happy with their design they would cover the entire model with clay and put bronze pins through the clay to hold it together. Once the clay was dry they would heat the entire bundle so that the wax inside would melt and drip out of the mould. When the clay was free from the wax they would fill the mould with molten bronze and allow it to cool. After the bronze had cooled they would break the clay mould and be left just with the bronze model exactly as the wax had been before. There are also records of this type of casting going back to the early dynasties of China, around 1700 BC, where treasures were kept in special bronze boxes which had been intricately cast by artists, and goblets were made as a sacrifice to the gods. In medieval Europe around 1200AD, lost wax casting was used in the cathedrals to cast bells. In West Africa there is also evidence of the lost wax casting method being used around 900 AD for the manufacturing of sculptures. Italian monks around 900 years ago also used this process to create large statues. Again, the monks used wax to create a model and then plaster as a mould. The wax was melted out of the plaster and the mould was filled with metal. The plaster mould was then broken away to reveal the metal statue. Most commonly, bronze, a mixture of copper and tin, were cast to create a number of items including weapons, jewellery, tools and statues. Even though the method has been around for over 6000 years, the concept remains the same, however, the precision and the technology used have improved. Jewellers for centuries have used rubber moulds when casting large quantities of products and dentists also have used this method to produce dental fillings since the 19th Century. At the beginning of World War II a need for lost wax casting was realised as there began to be a large demand for detailed body armour and aircraft parts. It was discovered that the lost wax casting process would assist in the manufacturing of these products due to the lack of machining operations involved in the process. As well as saving time, this process also reduced the costs of such productions. Manufacturers used processes dentists and jewellers were using, in order to quickly produce important items in large quantities. In today’s manufacturing of metal products, it is extremely common to see the lost wax casting method being used, especially where large quantities are to be produced. This form of casting is used where companies want a model or prototype of their product before official production occurs. This helps companies finalise their designs without spending excess amounts of money on creating the machine parts needed to produce products that may not be successful.
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19 The jewellery design industry heavily relies on this form of mass production. Multiple castings can be created from the original wax model thus decreasing production time and costs but making maximum profit. Today the lost wax casting process is esentially the same process with the exception of more advanced equipment and machinery. The stages of casting a ‘one off’ ring are as follows:
1. A rod made of wax, called a sprue is attached to the wax
model. The sprue will later act as a funnel for the wax to melt out from the mould and the molten metal to be poured through into the mould.
2. The model is then mounted inside a flask (often a section of
metal piping) allowing the wax model to be suspended within the flask without touching the surfaces of the flask.
3. A plaster-like material, called investment, is then poured into
the flask which completely surrounds the wax model.
4. When the investment has hardened, the flask is then placed in
a high temperature kiln where the wax totally melts out through the sprue. This is why the process is called lost wax casting, because at this stage the wax is ‘lost’.
5. The flask now contains the investment with a hollow space that is exactly the shape of the original wax model.
6. Molten metal is then poured…
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