Art and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art. / Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values. / Italian banking.

Art and PatronageArt and Patronage Italians were willing to spend a lot of

money on art./ Art communicated social, political, and

spiritual values./ Italian banking & international trade

interests had the money.

Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.

Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

PerspectivePerspective

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

First use First use of linear of linear

perspective!perspective!

Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!Perspective!

The The TrinityTrinity

MasaccioMasaccio

14271427

What you What you are, I once are, I once was; what I was; what I am, you will am, you will

become.become.

Emphasis on IndividualismEmphasis on Individualism Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre:

The Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoThe Duke & Dutchess of Urbino

Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

Artists as Artists as Personalities/CelebritiesPersonalities/Celebrities

Lives of the Lives of the Most Most Excellent Excellent Painters, Painters, Sculptors, andSculptors, andArchitectsArchitects

Giorgio VasariGiorgio Vasari

15501550

Renaissance Renaissance FlorenceFlorence

The Wool FactoryThe Wool Factoryby Mirabello Cavalori, 1570by Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 1252 – first gold 1252 – first gold

florinsflorins minted minted

Florentine lion:Florentine lion:symbol of St. symbol of St.

MarkMark

Lorenzo Lorenzo the Magnificentthe Magnificent

1478 - 15211478 - 1521

Cosimo de Cosimo de MediciMedici

1517 - 15741517 - 1574

Florence Under the Florence Under the MediciMedici

Medici ChapelMedici Chapel

The Medici PalaceThe Medici Palace

Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi

Commissioned to build the cathedral dome./ Used unique

architectural concepts. He studied

the ancient Pantheon in Rome.

Used ribs for support.

Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s DomeDome

Dome Dome ComparisonsComparisons

Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

The Ideal CityThe Ideal City Piero della Piero della

Francesca, 1470Francesca, 1470

Ghiberti – Ghiberti – Gates of ParadiseGates of ParadiseBaptistry Door, Florence – 1425 - Baptistry Door, Florence – 1425 -

14521452The Winner!The Winner!

Vitruvian Vitruvian Man Man

Leonardo daLeonardo daVinciVinci

14921492

TheTheL’uomoL’uomo

universauniversalele

The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man” Broad knowledge about many things in

different fields.

Deep knowledge/skill in one area.

Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.

The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

Self-Portrait Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, -- da Vinci, 15121512

1452 - 15191452 - 1519

Artist

Sculptor

Architect

Scientist

Engineer

Inventor

Mona LisaMona Lisa – da Vinci, – da Vinci, 1503-41503-4

Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da Vinci??Vinci??

The Last Supper The Last Supper - da - da Vinci, 1498Vinci, 1498

A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:St. John St. John oror Mary Magdalene? Mary Magdalene?

Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):(Biology):Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

An example of An example of the humanist the humanist desire to desire to unlock the unlock the secrets of secrets of nature.nature.

Leonardo, the Leonardo, the Inventor:Inventor:

Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

Michelangelo BuonorratiMichelangelo Buonorrati

1475 – 15641475 – 1564

He He represented represented the body in the body in three three dimensions dimensions of sculpture.of sculpture.

DavidDavid

MichelangelMichelangelooBuonarottiBuonarotti

15041504

MarbleMarble

The Sistine The Sistine ChapelChapel

MichelangelMichelangelo Buonarrotio Buonarroti

1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel’s The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingCeiling

Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 15121508 - 1512

The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel DetailsDetails

Creation of ManCreation of Man

Raffaello Sanzio (1483-Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)1520)

Self-PortraitSelf-Portrait, 1506, 1506 Portrait of the Artist Portrait of the Artist with a Friendwith a Friend, 1518, 1518

Raphael’sRaphael’s Madonnas Madonnas

Sistine MadonnaSistine Madonna Cowpepper MadonnaCowpepper Madonna

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11 One point perspective.

All of the important Greek philosophers and thinkers are included all of the great personalities of the Seven Liberal Arts!

A great variety of poses. Located in the papal apartments

library. Raphael worked on this commission

simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing the Sistine Chapel.

No Christian themes here.

The School of Athens The School of Athens – – Raphael, 1510 -11Raphael, 1510 -11

Raphael

Da Vinci

Michelangelo

Pope Leo X with Cardinal Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Rossi Rossi by Raphael, 1518-1519 by Raphael, 1518-1519 A Medici Pope.A Medici Pope.

He went through He went through the Vatican the Vatican treasury in a treasury in a year!year!

His extravagances His extravagances offended even offended even some cardinals some cardinals [[as well as Martin as well as Martin LutherLuther!].!].

Started selling Started selling indulgencesindulgences..

Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – – Botticelli, 1485Botticelli, 1485

An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

Botticelli’s Venus Motif.Botticelli’s Venus Motif.

10¢ Italian Euro coin.10¢ Italian Euro coin.

2002 Euro Coin2002 Euro Coin

Jan van Eyck (1395 – Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441)1441)

More courtly and aristocratic work./ Court painter to

the Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Good.

The Virgin and Chancellor Rolin, 1435.

Albrecht Dürer (1471-Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)1528)

The greatest of German artists.

A scholar as well as an artist.

His patron was the Emperor Maximilian I.

Also a scientist/ Wrote books on

geometry, fortifications, and human proportions.

Self-conscious individualism of the Renaissance is seen in his portraits.

Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.

Dürer Dürer

Self-Portrait Self-Portrait in Fur-in Fur-Collared Collared RobeRobe, 1500, 1500

Bruegel’s, Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Niederlandisch ProverbsProverbs, 1559, 1559

The English Were More The English Were More Interested in Architecture Interested in Architecture

than Paintingthan Painting

Hardwick Hall, designed by Robert Smythson in the Hardwick Hall, designed by Robert Smythson in the 1590s, for the Duchess of Shrewsbury [more 1590s, for the Duchess of Shrewsbury [more

medieval in style].medieval in style].

Artist to the TudorsArtist to the Tudors

Henry VIII (left), 1540 Henry VIII (left), 1540 and the future Edward and the future Edward VI (above), 1543.VI (above), 1543.