SUPPORTING INFORMATION A review of new and current-use contaminants in the Arctic environment: Evidence of long-range transport and indications of bioaccumulation Katrin Vorkamp a) , Frank F. Rigét b) a) Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark b) Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark 1
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SUPPORTING INFORMATION
A review of new and current-use contaminants in the Arctic environment: Evidence of long-range transport and indications of bioaccumulation
Katrin Vorkampa), Frank F. Rigétb)
a) Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Department of Environmental Science, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark b) Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Table S1: CAS numbers, production amounts and logKOW values of the novel flame retardants discussed in this study. n.a.: not available.Acronym Compound name CAS Production amounts logKOW References
USA: Production 5000 tons/year.China: Production 300 tons/year.Europe: Consumption 800 tons/year, tendency increasing.
9.311.611.3
Hoh et al. (2006)CECBP (2008)Schlabach et al. (2011)Möller et al. (2010)
Dec602 Dechlorane 602 31107-44-5 n.a. 7.9-9.4 Shen et al. (2011)Dec603 Dechlorane 603 13560-92-4 n.a. 9.8-11.2 Shen et al. (2011)Dec604 Dechlorane 604 34571-16-9 n.a. 8.7-10.6 Shen et al. (2011)
SCCP Short-chain chlorinated paraffins 85535-84-8 Global production: 300000
tons/year (SCCP and MCCP a).
4.39-8.01 5.9-8.14.39-8.69
CECBP (2008)Houde et al. (2008)Bayen et al. (2006)Reth et al. (2006)
a) Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins
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Table S2: CAS numbers, production amounts and logKOW values of the current-use pesticides discussed in this study. n.a.: not available.Compound name CAS Production amounts logKOW ReferencesDacthal 1861-32-1 USA: 200 tons in 2001 4.28 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)Trifluralin 1582-09-8 USA and Europe: 8700-10500 tons/year
Application now banned in the European Union
5.34 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)Langford et al. (2012)
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 87-86-5 Estimated production: 8500-50000 tons/year in the 1990s.Production ceased in the European Union in 1992.
5.12 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)Stiehl et al. (2008)
Pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)
82-68-8 350-450 tons/year 4.64 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)
Pentachloroanisole (PCA) 1825-21-4 n.a. 5.45 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)Chlorothalonil 37223-69-1 USA: 3600-5000 tons in 2001 4.81 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2 USA: 5000-7300 tons in 2001 4.96 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)Diazinon 65863-03-8 USA: 1820-3200 tons in 2001
Application banned in Europe in 2001.3.81 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)
Endosulfan 115-29-7 Global production: 12800 tons/year.India: 5400 tons/year.
α-Endosulfan: 4.94 β-Endosulfan: 4.78
Weber et al. (2010)Li and Macdonald (2005)
Methoxychlor 72-43-5 Production discontinued in the USA, the European Union and in Canada. Former production: > 1000 tons/year
5.08 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)
Dicofol 115-32-2 Global production: 5500 tons/year. 5.02 Hoferkamp et al. (2010)
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Table S3: CAS numbers, production amounts and logKOW values of other compounds discussed in this study. n.a.: not available.Compound name CAS Production amounts logKOW ReferencesSynthetic musk compounds
Table S4: Recent data on flame retardants in biota samples of the Arctic environment. ww: wet weight. dw: dry weight. lw: lipid weight.Compound Statistic Concentration Species Organ/Tissue Location Reference
DPTE Range (N=4)
322 - 470 ng/g ww Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica)
Blubber Barents and Greenland Sea
Von der Recke & Vetter (2007)
Range (N=4)
130 - 340 ng/g ww Harp seal (Phoca groenlandica)
Brain Barents and Greenland Sea
Von der Recke & Vetter (2007)
N=10 < 6 pg/g ww Capelin (Mallotus villosus) Whole fish Svalbard Sagerup et al. (2010)
N=10 < 6.5 pg/g ww Common eider (Somateria mollissima)
a) Sum of 16 bromophenols including 2,4-DBP and 2,4,6-TBP.
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Table S5: Recent data on flame retardants in abiotic samples of the Arctic environment. LOD: Limit of detectionCompound Statistic Concentration or flux Matrix Sample details Location Reference
< LOD – 0.002 pg/L Seawater Dissolved phase East Greenland Sea Möller et al. (2010)
Range (N=16)
< 0.0005 – 0.007 pg/L Seawater Particle phase East Greenland Sea Möller et al. (2010)
C11Dechlorane plus
Range (N=16)
< 0.0009 pg/L Seawater Dissolved phase East Greenland Sea Möller et al. (2010)
Range (N=16)
< 0.0007 – 0.074 pg/L Seawater Particle phase East Greenland Sea Möller et al. (2010)
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Table S6: Recent data on current-use pesticides in biota samples of the Arctic environment. ww: wet weight. lw: lipid weight. Approximate values are taken from figures.Compound Statistic Concentration Species Organ/Tissue Location Reference
Table S7: Recent data on current-use pesticides in abiotic samples of the Arctic environment. LOD: Limit of detection. Compound Statistic Concentration or flux Matrix Sample details Location Reference
Dacthal Maximum flux (N=1)
12.7 pg/cm2/year Ice core Sections of 50-60 cm length
Table S8: Recent data on other compounds (i.e. other than novel flame retardants and current-use pesticides) in biota samples of the Arctic environment. ww: wet weight. lw: lipid weight. LOD: Limit of detection.Compound Statistic Concentration Species Organ/Tissue Location Reference
m) Shrimp muscle; snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) liver and muscle; Iceland scallop (Chlamys islandica) musclen) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) liver and muscle; redfish (Sebastes marinus) muscle; Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) muscle; Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) liver and muscle; wolffish (Anarhichas minor) liver and muscle; capelin (Mallotus villosus) muscle; shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) livero) Common eider (Somateria mollissima) liver and muscle; king eider (Somateria spectabilis) liver and muscle; kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) liver and muscle; thick-billed murre (Uria lomvia) liver and musclep) Ringed seal (Pusa hispida) liver, muscle, kidney and blubber; harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) liver, muscle, kidney and blubber; minke whale (Belaenoptera acutorostrata) liver, muscle, kidney and blubber; beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) liver, muscle, kidney, skin and blubber; narwhal (Monodon monoceros) liver, muscle, kidney, skin and blubberq) ∑PCN, including CN-48/35, CN-52/30, CN-53/55, CN-66/67 and CN-69.r) Same study as Rotander et al. (2012). Data taken from Dam et al. (2011) because of more detailed presentation.
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Table S9: Recent data on other compounds (i.e. other than novel flame retardants and current-use pesticides) in abiotic samples of the Arctic environment. ww: wet weight. dw: dry weight. LOD: Limit of detection. Approximate values are taken from figures.Compound Statistic Concentration Matrix Sample details Location ReferencePolycyclic musk compounds
N=3 < 1.5 ng/g ww a) Sediment Marine West Greenland Vorkamp et al. (2004b)
Range (N=6); Mean; Median
HHCB: 1-9 pg/m3; 4 pg/m3; 4 pg/m3
AHTN: 7-25 pg/m3; 17 pg/m3; 17 pg/m3
Air Gaseous phase
Northeast Atlantic / Arctic Ocean; > 60°N
Xie et al. (2007a)
Range (N=6)
HHCB: < 0.1 pg/m3
AHTN: < 0.2 pg/m3Air Particle phase Northeast
Atlantic / Arctic Ocean; > 60°N
Xie et al. (2007a)
Range (N=6)
HHCB: < 0.1 pg/LAHTN: < 0.1 pg/L
Seawater Dissolved phase
Northeast Atlantic / Arctic Ocean; > 60°N
Xie et al. (2007a)
Nitro musk compounds
N=3 < 1.5 ng/g ww b) Sediment Marine West Greenland Vorkamp et al. (2004b)
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