OTTOMAN EMPIRE MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SE Beirut Damasc Cyprus Rodosto , Dardanelles , Balikesir , Adrianople , Magnesia , Smyrna , Aidin , Denizli Kutahia , Broussa , Ismit , Biredjik , Bolou , Sparta , Adalia Konia , Afion Karahissar , Mersin , Adana , Nigde , Angora , Changheri , Kirshehir , Sinope , Amasia , Caesarea , Tokat , Samsoun , Sis , M Ichili Djebelibereket , Antioch , Yozghad , Constantinople , Courtesy of the Gomidas Institute (www.gomidas.org). © by Ara Sarafian. All rights reserved. OTTOMAN EMPIRE MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SE Beirut Damasc Cyprus Rodosto , Dardanelles , Balikesir , Adrianople , Magnesia , Smyrna , Aidin , Denizli Kutahia , Broussa , Ismit , Biredjik , Bolou , Sparta , Adalia Konia , Afion Karahissar , Mersin , Adana , Nigde , Angora , Changheri , Kirshehir , Sinope , Amasia , Caesarea , Tokat , Samsoun , Sis , M Ichili Djebelibereket , Antioch , Yozghad , Constantinople , T i g r i s r i v e r OTTOMAN EMPIRE MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA CASPIAN SEA Baku Beirut Damascus Yerevan Tblisi Aleppo Cyprus E u p h r a t e s R i v e r L a k e O u r m i a Lake Van PERSIA RUSSIAN EMPIRE Bitlis ( + ) Moush ( + ) Hakkiari ( + ) Siirt ( + ) Trebizond ( + ) Shabin Karahissar ( + ) Erzinjan ( + ) Erzeroum ( + ) Sinope () Amasia ( + ) Caesarea ( + ) Samsoun () Sivas ( + ) Malatia ( + ) Sis ( + ) Marash ( + ) Ourfa ( + ) Arghana ( + ) Diarbekir ( + ) Harpoot ( + ) Mardin () Dersim ( + ) Tokat ( + ) Van (+) Bayazid ( + ) Gumush Hane ( + ) Mersin () Adana () Ichili () Djebelibereket ( + ) Antioch ( + ) Aintab () Dardanelles () Balikesir () Adrianople () Magnesia () Smyrna () Aidin () Denizli () Kutahia () Broussa () Ismit ( + ) Biredjik () Bolou () Sparta () Adalia () Konia () Afion Karahissar () Nigde () Changheri () Kirshehir () Constantinople () Rodosto () Angora ( + ) Yozghad (+) Kastamonou () Ineboli () A R M E N I A Lazistan () Courtesy of the Gomidas Institute (www.gomidas.org). © by Ara Sarafian. All rights reserved. ARMENIAN CHURCHES AND MONASTERIES IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, e crosses and pikes represent the distribution of Armenian churches and monasteries in the Ottoman Empire on the eve of World War I. ese numbers are based on the census of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, the only creditable census data we have to date. See Raymond Kevorkian, Le génocide des arméniens, Paris: Odile Jacob, . T i g r i s r i v e r OTTOMAN EMPIRE MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA CASPIAN SEA Baku Beirut Damascus Tblisi Aleppo Desert of Der Zor Cyprus E u ph r a t e s R iv e r L a k e O u r mi a Lake Van PERSIA RUSSIAN EMPIRE Lake Se va n Bitlis ( + ) Moush ( + ) Hakkiari ( + ) Siirt ( + ) Trebizond ( + ) Shabin Karahissar ( + ) Erzinjan ( + ) Erzeroum ( + ) Sinope () Amasia ( + ) Caesarea ( + ) Samsoun () Sivas ( + ) Malatia ( + ) Sis ( + ) Marash ( + ) Ourfa ( + ) Arghana ( + ) Diarbekir ( + ) Harpoot ( + ) Mardin () Dersim ( + ) Tokat ( + ) Van (+) Bayazid ( + ) Gumush Hane ( + ) Mersin () Adana () Ichili () Djebelibereket ( + ) Antioch ( + ) Aintab () Dardanelles () Balikesir () Adrianople () Magnesia () Smyrna () Aidin () Denizli () Kutahia () Broussa () Ismit ( + ) Biredjik () Bolou () Sparta () Adalia () Konia () Afion Karahissar () Nigde () Changheri () Kirshehir () Constantinople () Rodosto () Angora ( + ) Yozghad (+) Kastamonou () Ineboli () Artsakh A R M E N I A Lazistan () e three maps on these pages are a graphic representation of Western Armenian civilization as it existed in Asia Minor on the eve of the Ar- menian Genocide, 1915–17. e first map uses red dots to show the distribution of Arme- nians before the Genocide. e red dot concept has been used before, in a now-iconic map produced in 1920. In that map, it was not clear whether the dots indicated the number of people killed at each lo- cality, the number of people from each locality who were killed, or the number of people who lived in each locality. e dots did not fit any of those interpretations. is map, prepared by historian Ara Sarafian of the Gomidas In- stitute, does not show what hap- pened in 1915, but what – or rather who – existed just before 1915. e second and third maps show the distribution of Armenian churches, monasteries, and schools in the same period. More information is available from the Gomidas Institute at www.gomidas.org or info@gomidas. org. f Western Armenian civilization on the eve of the Genocide Yerevan L a k e Lake Se va n Yerevan Artsakh T i g r i s r i v e r EA CASPIAN SEA Baku cus Tblisi Aleppo e red circles represent the distribution of almost two million Armenians inhabiting the Ottoman Empire on the eve of WWI. ese statistics are based on the census of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, the only creditable census data we have to date. See Raymond Kevorkian, Le génocide des arméniens, Paris: Odile Jacob, . Desert of Der Zor E u p h r a t e s R i v e r L a k e O u r m i a Lake Van PERSIA RUSSIAN EMPIRE Trebizond , Shabin Karahissar , Gumush Hane , Sivas , Malatia , Marash , Ourfa , Arghana , Diarbekir , Harpoot , Mardin , Siirt , Dersim , Bitlis , Erzinjan , Erzeroum , Ardushen , Bayazid , Hakkiari , Aintab , Moush , Van , A R M E N I A T i g r i s r i v er EA CASPIAN SEA Baku cus Tblisi Aleppo ARMENIANS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, e red circles represent the distribution of almost two million Armenians inhabiting the Ottoman Empire on the eve of World War I. ese statistics are based on the census of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, the only creditable census data we have to date. See Raymond Kevorkian, Le génocide des arméniens, Paris: Odile Jacob, . Desert of Der Zor E u p h r a t e s R i v e r L a k e O u r mi a Lake Van PERSIA RUSSIAN EMPIRE Trebizond , Shabin Karahissar , Gumush Hane , Sivas , Malatia , Marash , Ourfa , Arghana , Diarbekir , Harpoot , Mardin , Siirt , Dersim , Bitlis , Erzinjan , Erzeroum , Ardushen , Bayazid , Hakkiari , Aintab , Moush , Van , A R M E N I A Ti g r i s r i v e r Courtesy of the Gomidas Institute (www.gomidas.org). © by Ara Sarafian. All rights reserved. OTTOMAN EMPIRE MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA CASPIAN SEA Baku Beirut Damascus Yerevan Tblisi Aleppo Desert of Der Zor Cyprus E u ph r a t e s R i v e r ARMENIAN SCHOOLS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, e books represent the distribution of Armenian schools in the Ottoman Empire on the eve of World War I. ese numbers are based on the census of the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, the only creditable census data we have to date. See Raymond Kevorkian, Le génocide des arméniens, Paris: Odile Jacob, . L a k e O u r mi a L a k e Lake Van PERSIA RUSSIAN EMPIRE Lake Se va n Yerevan Artsakh Bitlis () Moush () Siirt () Trebizond () Shabin Karahissar () Erzinjan () Erzeroum () Sinope () Amasia () Caesarea () Samsoun () Sivas () Malatia () Sis () Marash () Ourfa () Arghana () Diarbekir () Harpoot () Mardin () Dersim () Tokat () Van () Bayazid () Adana () Djebelibereket () Antioch () Aintab () Balikesir () Adrianople () Smyrna () Aidin () Kutahia () Broussa () Ismit () Biredjik () Bolou () Konia () Afion Karahissar () Nigde () Constantinople () Rodosto () Angora () Yozghad () Kastamonou () A R M E N I A A R M E N I A Bitlis () Moush () Siirt () Trebizond () Shabin Karahissar () Erzinjan () Erzeroum () Sinope () Amasia () Caesarea () Samsoun () Sivas () Malatia () Sis () Marash () Ourfa () Arghana () Diarbekir () Harpoot () Mardin () Dersim () Tokat () Van () Bayazid () Adana () Djebelibereket () Antioch () Aintab () Balikesir () Adrianople () Smyrna () Aidin () Kutahia () Broussa () Ismit () Biredjik () Bolou () Konia () Afion Karahissar () Nigde () Constantinople () Rodosto () Angora () Yozghad () Kastamonou () Maps created by the Armenian Reporter, and published in the edition of April 19, 2008.