Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D. 13 February 2015 from 9.30 to 11:00 a.m. 9910744340 [email protected]UGC-Academic Staff College 01 st 3-week Refresher course in Disaster Management (ID) from 09 February to 02 March 2015 13 February 2015 from 9.30 to 11:00 a.m.
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Prof (Col) Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.13 February 2015 from 9.30 to 11:00 a.m.
UGC-Academic Staff College01st 3-week Refresher course in Disaster Management (ID) from 09 February to 02 March 2015
13 February 2015 from 9.30 to 11:00 a.m.
Armed Forces & Others in DM
1. Institutional Mechanism
2. Armed Forces
3. NDRF
4. Civil Defence
5. Home Guards
6. Fire Services
7. NGOS
8. J&K Floods 2014
Institutional Mechanism
Defence Crisis Mgt Group (DCMG)
National Executive Committee (NEC)
National Crisis Mgt Committee (NCMC)
IHQ of MoD
(Army)
Air HQs
(VB)
NDMA
IHQ of MoD
(Navy)
MHA
Coast Guard
MEA
CAPF MoCA
MoS
DoE/Fin
MoOIA
Institutional Framework for
DM in India
Disaster Management Structure
NDMA Apex Body with Prime Minister as Chairperson.
National Executive Committee - Secretaries of 14 Ministries
and Chief of Integrated Defence Staff.
Centre Level
Central Ministries; National Disaster Management Authority,
National Institute of Disaster Management
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF).
State Level
SDMA headed by Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC).
District Level
DDMA headed by District Magistrate.
Interface between Govt. and Public.
4
Institutional Arrangements
• Armed Forces
• NDRF
• Central Para Military Forces
• State Police Forces and Fire Services
• Civil Defence and Home Guards
• State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
• National Cadet Corps (NCC)
• National Service Scheme (NSS)
• Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS)
5
ROLE OF INDIAN ARMY
• PRIMARY PRESERVE NATIONAL INTEREST
AND SAFE GUARD SOVEREIGNTY,
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY AND UNITY
AGAINST ANY EXTERNAL THREATS BY
DETERRENCE OR BY WAGING WAR
• SECONDARY ASSIST GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES TO COPE WITH `PROXY’ WAR AND
OTHER INTERNAL THREATS AND PROVIDE
AID TO CIVIL AUTHORITY WHEN
REQUISITIONED FOR THE PURPOSE
MAJOR TASKS OF INDIAN
ARMY INCLUDES –
PROVISION OF AID TO CIVIL
AUTHORITY WHEN CALLED UPON
TO DO SO FOR MAINTENANCE OF
LAW AND ORDER, HUMANITARIAN
AID AND ASSISTANCE DURING
DISASTERS AND CALAMITIES OR
ANY OTHER CIRCUMSTANCES
INCLUDING MAINTENANCE OF
ESSENTIAL SERVICES
a) Command & Control infrastructure
including communication.
b)Medical Aid.
c) Logistics backup for transport of
relief.
d)Relief camp establishing.
e) Construction/repair of roads &
bridges
f) Maintenance of essential services.
g)Evacuation.
h)Diving effort.
i) Handling of international relief.
a) Judicious use.
b) Immediate response.
c) Command of troops.
d)No menial task.
e) Requisition of aid on task
basis.
f) Liaison & coordination.
g)Advance planning &
training.
h) Integration of all
resources.
i) Early derequisitioning.
Maintenance of law and order;
Maintenance of essential
services; Assistance during natural and
other calamities
Other type of assistance,
including assistance in
development projects
Suitability for HADR Operations
Resources
Command & Control
OrganisationCohesion
Communications
Mobility
Logistics
Military
Leadership
• Response Status - Second Responder.
• In Principle - Last In, First Out.
• Always prepared and first to respond.
About DCMG• Promulgated by MoD in May 2005.
• Chief of Staffs Committee Joint Directive on Disaster
Management issued in Mar 10.
• Mandate.
• Deal with crises like terrorist outrages, war and
international situations, man-made / natural / CBRN
disasters, cyber terrorism etc.
• Operations Branch, HQ IDS interacts with NDMA and
other Nodal Ministries on behalf of Service HQs & CoSC.
• Integrated & coordinated response of Armed Forces
during crisis / disaster situations.
• Notification / De-notification of DCMG
• MoD (JS (G/Air) on approval from Def Secy).
• By CISC in consultation with Chairman CoSC.
Composition of DCMG
Chairman Chief of Integrated Defence Staff, HQ IDS
Members DCIDS (Ops), HQ IDS
DG DIA, HQ IDS
DG MO, IHQ of MoD (Army)
DG NO, IHQ of MoD (Navy)
DG Air Ops, Air HQ (Vayu Bhawan)
DCIDS (Med), HQ IDS
ACIDS (Jt Ops), HQ IDS
JS (G/Air), MoD
JS (O/N), MoD
Secretary DACIDS (Op Lgs), HQ IDS
Additional members include Jt Secy of relevant Ministries,
Resident Commissioners of affected States / UTs, reps of NDMA /
NDRF on required basis
HQ
I D S
MO Ops Room
Naval War Room
Air Ops Room
National DM
Control Room
Other GOI
Organisations
Field Forces
Control Room
Task Teams
State DM
Control Room
Policy, Plans and Force Development Branches
Operations Branch Doctrine, Organisations, & Training (DOT)
Branch Intelligence Branch Other Branches – Medical, Net Assessments
Disaster Management. A tri-service joint response plan has been issued. Also, interaction at MOD and MHA level on various related issues at the national level has taken place and is proving to be extremely useful.
Udhampur
Srinagar
Pathankot
Jalandhar
Ambala
Meerut
Delhi
Bathinda
Jaipur
Lucknow
Allahabad
Bareilly
Dehradun
Raipur
Jabalpur
Danapur
Mumbai
Pune
Bhopal
Bangalore
Chennai
Secundrabad
Jodhpur
Kolkata
Narangi
Shillong
Bengdubi
Jorhat
•Awareness of Area /
Sub Area HQ.
•Liaison with Mil
Cdr.
•IS & Flood Schemes.
•Availability of own
stores & equipment.
Area HQ / Sub Area HQ
TERRITORIAL ARMY
7X HOME & HEARTH BATTALIONS
1200 X PERS EACH
ROLE
1. INTERFACE BETWEEN THE
ARMY AND THE PEOPLE.
2. ANTI-TERRORISM.
The Territorial Army is part of Regular Army relieve the Regular Army from static duties assist civil administration in dealing with natural calamities and maintenance of essential services in situations where life of the communities is affected or the Security of the Country is threatened to provide units for Regulars Army as and when required.
ROLE OF TA
Floods
26 Jul 2005
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Floods, Assam & Bihar
2004, 2007, 2008, 2012
Earthquake Uttarkashi,
Oct 91 & Chamoli, Apr 99
Bhuj, Earthquake,
26 Jan 2001
J&K Avalanche
Feb 2005
Earthquake, Latur,
30 Sep 1993
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Tsunami
26 Dec 2004
Bhopal Gas
Disaster, Dec 1982
Earthquake,
Oct 2005
Floods (AP & Karnataka)
2009
Floods, Uttar Pradesh,
1998, 2005, 2010,
2012, 2013
Cyclone
Kutchh, 1998
Cyclone (A.P)
1992 & 1996, 13 Oct 13
Floods, Haryana
1993, 1996, 2013
Cloud burst,
2010Flashfloods, Uttarakhand
& HP - 2013
Major Disasters (1980-2014)
Cyclone (Orissa)
29 Oct 1999, 13 Oct 13
3
3
5
1
2
2
Earthquake
Sikkim Sep 20114
3
4
3
1
Tirupathi
Forest Fire,
19 Mar 2014
1
The Indian Armed Forces is the biggest organisation toiling round-the-clock to provide every possible help to the victims of the earthquake and also taking out bodies buried under the rubbles of buildings. For the Forces also, it has been one of the biggest rescue and relief operations ever launched in the world.
22,500 troops from Infantry, Field Artillery, Engineers, Medical and Signals have been deployed along with Command and Control Equipment at Bhuj and Ahmedabad.
o Infantry - 36 columns in Bhuj and 18 columns in Ahmedabadworking proactivelyo Engineers – 6 Regiments at Bhuj and one Regiment at Ahmedabado Medical – 7 mobile field hospitals ambs in Bhuj and existing military hospital at Ahmedabad opened for civilians also. o Surgeries performed - 1,090o Medical aid given to - 13,961o Evacuation of serious patients - 484o Persons rescued - 478o Bodies recovered - 2,055
oMajor equipment deployed include 20 JCB/Dozers, 29 Generators, 187 Water Supply Equipment/ tanks and 15 Ambulances. o 3 Helicopters of Army Aviation Fleets involved in rescue and relief operations. o 38 sorties of IL –76/AN-32 carried a total load about 816 tonnes. o 10,500 Shelter material were provided.o The Army had also provided more than 1700 blanket, 150 stretchers and large quantity of medicines to the people affected by the earthquake before the international and national relief aid started pouring in.
Contd.
375 sorties carried over 3,700 tonnes of load so far, that include engineering equipment, shelter material, food, ambulance, tentage, rescue teams including sniffer dogs etc •Bulk of the relief material and equipment airlifted from the various air bases. •700 people evacuated up to January 31, 2001. •Sixty-one L-76, 18 AN-32, four AVROs, three DORNIORs and 16 helicopters are located in the vicinity of Bhuj for relief and rescue operations and evacuation of injured persons.
INS Ganga and INS Himgiri operating in Kandla - carried critically ill to Mumbai and, while returning, carried relief material, dry provisions etc. The two Naval ships have been converted into hospital ships.•A 30 men team with INMARSAT and other support facilities is working at Porbandar. Assessment of damages in all ports area is carried out. Transport and manpower to Civil Administration at Okha been provided. Communication within the Kandla Port area restored. Power supply provided to Kandla Port Trust through Refrigerator containers by Indian Navy. •Disaster Management and Surgical team from Mumbai to Bhujwith medical equipment and stores. Two Naval survey ships converted into hospital ships. A Crisis Extension ward established at Naval Hospital and received over 100 casualties. INS Asvini in Mumbai treating patients.
Navy assisting in recovery of dead bodies and patrolling around affected buildings to prevent looting by undesirable elements. •Dry rations from Naval establishments at Jamnagar, Porbandar, and Dwaraka moved by road for distribution at Anjar and Gandhidham. Cooked meals/bread also distributed in remote villages. •Equipment provided by Navy include 17 Earthmovers, 6 Trippers, 9 Compressors, 27 Generators, 20,000 Masks . •1,500 NCC Cadets deployed at Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Morbi, Patan, Mehsana, and Jamnagar. Engaged in relief work viz., removal of dead bodies and debris, panic control, assistance at hospitals, blood donation, distribution food items etc..
Contd.
Uttarkashi KedarnathBadrinath
Chamoli
Gangotri
Gaurikund
Bageshwar
Pithoragarh
Rudraprayag
Champawat
Meerut
Pauri
Nainital
Tehri
Haridwar
Almora
Udham Singh Nagar
Joshimath
Gupt Kashi
Muzaffarnagar
Uttarakhand Flash Floods - Jun 2013
Dehradun
Dharasu
Hanuman Chatti
•Formation breaches - 32.5 kms cumulative.
•Landslides - 8.0 kms cumulative.
•220 all types of bridges including 14 big bridges
damaged / washed away.
One of the biggest rescue and relief
operation undertaken by the Armed Forces.
More than one lakh people evacuated by
road and air.
• 40,000 Sq Km area, altitude > 10,000 ft.
• 70,000 tourists & 100,000 locals affected.
All 13 districts (1600 villages) affected. 680 people died, 4117 missing
• The J & K State and adjoining areas receivedheavy rainfall from 2nd September 2014.
• Both Jehlum & Chenab River were flowing abovetheir danger levels
• On 5th September, the Jhelum river in srinagarreported to be flowing at 22.40 feet (6.83m )which was 4.40 feet (1.34m ) above the DangerMark and at 33 feet (10m) at sangham inAnantnag district above the danger mark .
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State Disaster Risk Management Authorities in J & K
• State Disaster Management Authority(SDMA)
• Divisional and District Disaster ManagementAuthority.
• Local Authorities
• Emergency Operation Centres
90
IMPACT OF FLOODS on J & K Economy
Kashmir Saffron It suffers Rs. 668 Cr loss
Telecommunication Loss suffered by BSNL telecommunication sector is Rs 400 Cr
Tourism The infrastructural loss to the industry is about Rs . 175 Cr
Education Education has been affected badly .students lost everything their
homes,household,footwear,books and even uniforms.
91
Existed on Paper But,
Enforcement Lacking.
Most Crucial Responder -
NOT Formally Part of
Response Plan.
Technological Shortfall -
Many Lives Could have
Been Saved.
92
Future Challenges of September, 2014 - Floods
• The first & Major challenge is health problem. Floods havea impact on people’s psychosocial and mental health
• The another big challenge is shelter & survival of thosepeople without home during this chilly & cold winter
• There is the possibility of massive job cuts after floods inprivate sector. Therefore, managing unemployed youth isone of the big challenge before government
• There is the possibility of mismanagement and misuse offlood related funds (i.e. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction)which may trigger massive agitation from various quartersof the society
93
CONCLUSIONS
• That presently Disaster ManagementMechanism in J & K state is not in place
• Implementation of what has been proposedby different authorities and acts at Central andState level has been very slow
• There is a great need of Introducing ModernTechnologies like Mapping, Remote Sensing,Aerial Photography and Early Warning Systemin the State
94
RECOMMENDATIONS & SUGGESTIONS
• Early warning System should be given installed infuture as the state has miserably failed to develop anysystem till date
• Unplanned growth which obstructs natural drainageresulting in increased flood should be restricted
• Afforestration should be encouraged by governmentamong people, NGOs, corporate sector, School &higher education departments
• The Govt and State disaster work force must remainalways cautious. During recent floods Govt was notprepared at all.
• There is the great need to strengthen weak bunds ofthe major rivers of J & K well in advance
95
Contd ….
• Proper river bank protection by constructingembankments and using anti-erosionmeasures should be taken up on a large scale
• Construction of residential colonies on riverbanks and flood plains should not be allowedand offenders should be strictly dealt underlaw
• Modern concepts & Technologies like RemoteSensing, Aerial Photography, Epidemiologyand Information Management should beintroduced in the states.
96
Contd ….
• Hydrology Studies in flood prone areas shouldbe done so as to avert severe impact of floods
• Forecast and Warning Systems should beestablished in different districts of the state
• Area Flood Mapping using Remote Sensingshould be prepared in advance to make futurepreparedness plans and evacuationcapabilities should be enhanced in the areas
97
Contd ….
• Incentives, subsidies, financial help or ensuring softloans with marginal interest rates from banks andother financial institutions for people to enable themto retrofit existing buildings should be encouraged
• There is a great need for sensitization of people livingin vulnerable areas and spreading of awareness aboutsafe construction procedures
• There is a need for Review and amendment of laws andrules relating to constructions and buildings to make itmandatory for observing building codes and disasterrelated safety measures, guidelines of NDMA, SDMAand DDMAs in respect of new constructions.
98
The individual and his neighbour are potentially the best Disaster