ARJ 21 ARJ 21 —— The selected Airplane for civil aviation market of China —— The selected Airplane for civil aviation market of China.

ARJ 21ARJ 21 —— —— The selected Airplane for civil aviation maThe selected Airplane for civil aviation market of China rket of China

The Appearance of RJ will Change tThe Appearance of RJ will Change the Structure of Sviation Markethe Structure of Sviation Market

The appearance of 50-seated RJ leads to a quiet revolution in the west.

70-100 seated RJ will certainly lead a new revolution in aviation market. 70-100 seated RJ fills the gap between 120-140 seater and 50 seater. Traditional central radiation operation mode connecting trunk route and regional route will be challenged. Regional aviation market will own a more economical and practical aircraft model which can meet all requirements of regional market.

70-100 seated ARJ21 is designed specially for regional a70-100 seated ARJ21 is designed specially for regional a

viation market, and it can be compared with single-aisle viation market, and it can be compared with single-aisle

narrow body aircraft, no matter in route range, cruise narrow body aircraft, no matter in route range, cruise

speed, comfort, economic and reliability.speed, comfort, economic and reliability.

Cruise speed is uniform with large aircraft, with Mach numbCruise speed is uniform with large aircraft, with Mach number 0.78; the fastest speed reaching 0.8 M, and can replace perer 0.78; the fastest speed reaching 0.8 M, and can replace perfectly the large aircraft to fly trunk route.fectly the large aircraft to fly trunk route.

Route range can reach 3000 km, some model’s route range can Route range can reach 3000 km, some model’s route range can even reach 4000 km, so they can fly directly to the aim airport even reach 4000 km, so they can fly directly to the aim airport without landing at hub airport.without landing at hub airport.

Seen from the seat number, for “thin and long” routes, if passSeen from the seat number, for “thin and long” routes, if passenger volume of the 70-100 seated ARJ can reach 60%, the brenger volume of the 70-100 seated ARJ can reach 60%, the break-even point can be reached.eak-even point can be reached.

Common CharacteristicCommon Characteristicss ：：

It is more exact if it is called It is more exact if it is called “regional jet”“regional jet”

Traditional concept for regional Traditional concept for regional aircraft is not suitable for the aircraft is not suitable for the over 70-seated jet that performs over 70-seated jet that performs regional aviation transport.regional aviation transport.

Current ARJ21 family aircrCurrent ARJ21 family aircraft cannot be compared witaft cannot be compared with regional aircraft in traditioh regional aircraft in traditional meaning, and should be nal meaning, and should be treated differentially.treated differentially.

Aviation market can generally divided into two categoAviation market can generally divided into two categories: intercontinental-oversea market and regional marries: intercontinental-oversea market and regional marketket

““Intercontinental-Oversea” marketIntercontinental-Oversea” market

““Intercontinental” connected with “oversea”, large Intercontinental” connected with “oversea”, large span, super-long flight time, super-long route, large span, super-long flight time, super-long route, large passenger flow , usually use double-aisle wide body passenger flow , usually use double-aisle wide body aircraftaircraft

Regional marketRegional market regional regional market can be classified as large region and market can be classified as large region and small regionsmall region

For example, North America, South America or EuFor example, North America, South America or Europe can be treated as a region, then it is a big regrope can be treated as a region, then it is a big regionion

China can be treated as a big region, and it can alsChina can be treated as a big region, and it can also be divided into several small regions, such as no be divided into several small regions, such as northwest, northeast, Yangtze delta, Zhujiang delta, orthwest, northeast, Yangtze delta, Zhujiang delta, circle-Bohai sea, etc.circle-Bohai sea, etc.

Compared with intercontinental and oversea market, regional aviation market is more complicated and its characteristics is more remarkable.

The difference between regions is obvious

America ：“ hub radiation”, trunk route and regional route are combined.

Europe ： “ point to point”, propeller aircraft are used in large quantity.

China ：“ point to point”, propeller aircraft is seldom used.

Single-aisle narrow-body aircraft take up the main market share.

Within region, the market forms are diversified

Take China market as an example ： Airport condition is different The route distance is different The passenger flow is different The passenger ingredients are different The competition degree is different The profits level is different

Display on operation: The seat-class is a little larger than nee

ded.

Regional aircraft is crowded out.

Large number of lines are in lose

Lines are often opened ,and stopped, then reopened, and re-stopped.

Future trend

The regional aviation market is challenged by railway’s rising speed and highway’s extension. The quantities of long-route and wide-body aircraft in express market( for example, Beijing-Shanghai Air Express) will be controlled; for flight segment within 500 kilometers, the operation space of propeller aircraft will be restricted.

The domination position of single-aisle trunk-route aircraft in re

gional aviation market will still be strong. However, regional jet will play a new role in small and medium volume transport market.

ARJ-21 the regional jet that can meet the market requir

ement of China

The factors that influence the

development of aviation transportThe following are the main factors that promote the development of China’s aviation transport, and they will continue to push the stable increase of China’s aviation transportation:National economy’s development is the main power for the development of aviation transportation.Reform and opening up to the world promotes the foreign economic and cultural exchange, so the demand for aviation transportation increases year by year.People’s living level improves, and consumption structure upgrades, so more and more people choose air transport when they travel. The development of tourism bring more passenger source for air transportation. Urbanization expands continuously the market space of air transportation ； Air-traffic management construction is fastened, which releases the situation of our country’s tight air space.The invest in airport construction is increasing, and China’s civil aviation airport will reach 250 by the year 2020. China civil aviation industry deepens the reform, fastens the marketization of air transportation, and encourages the development of non-government air ransportation.Push the orderly competition of air transportation, and guarantee the prosperity of air transportation from inner mechanism.

19.5%17.8%

23.4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

16%

20%

25%

增长率

运输总周转量(RTK)

客运周转量(RPK)

货邮周转量(FTK)

The increase of air traffic in 2007Air Traffic in 2007

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

美国 中国 英国 德国 日本 法国

亿人公里

China ranks second position all over the world in total transport turnover, total passenger turnover, and freight turnover.

America

Increase rate

Total transport turnover Total passenger turnover Freight turnover100 Mil. kilo

China Britain German Japan France

Previous Year’s Growth of Air Transport

Passenger Turnover China RPKs Growth

16.6%

13.8%

10.4%

17.1%

26.8% 26.0%

60189

406

1269

2792

9.38

1977-1982 1982-1987 1987-1992 1992-1997 1997-2002 2002-2007

RPK(0.1 bil.km)

growth rate

In the past three decades, China’s passenger transport by air maintains fast growth, and reaches 280 billion person km in 2007.

Increase rate

Share of Air by RPK

1997 2007Water transport1.6%

Air transport 13.0%

Air transport8.0%

Railway 36.5%

Highway53.8%

Railway 33.5%

Water transport 0.4%

Highway 53.2%

In the transportation system, turnover volume of passenger by air is increasing year by year. It increases 13% in 2007.

The regional aviation structure will tend to be reasonable:

The implementation of strategic plan for the great west development, rejuvenation of northeast and rising of middle China

The speed-up of urbanization, the improvement of people’s living standard, the upgrade of consumption structure, and the development of tourism

Optimize air-space structure, utilize effectively the air-space resource, carry out the measures to release the tight air-space; civil airport will fasten the development following the guideline of “promoting the east, strengthening the middle and thicken the west”; operation circumstance of regional aviation will be continuously improved.

CAAC issues a series of policies: release the air-traffic control, expand the opening up, introduce non-government capital, support regional aviation, all of these input new vigor and energy for the continuous development of air transportation.

The quantities of ＲＪ will increase steadily.

For the civil airports that own scheduled flight, the shortest run-way is 1700m.

China has 12 plateau airports (altitude between1500~2438m), including southwest hub-airport—Kunming airport

China has 7 high plateau airports (altitude higher than 2438m), including Lasa airport and Jiuzhaigou airport. CAAC regulates strict operation standard, so the operation cost improves obviously.

Airport category airport

Large composite hub airport 北京、上海、广州Large hub airport 沈阳、武汉、深圳、成都、昆明、西安、乌鲁木齐

Medium hub airport天津、大连、哈尔滨、杭州、厦门、青岛、南京、福州、济南、温州、长沙、桂林、郑州、海口、三亚、重庆、贵阳

Medium airport（ trunk line ）

呼和浩特、太原、石家庄、长春、南昌、合肥、宁波、晋江、烟台、南宁、张家界、拉萨、九寨沟、西双版纳、丽江、兰州、银川、西宁

Small airport（ regional line ） Other airport

Run way length of China’s civil airport(data of July,2008)

0

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5000

5500

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

a/p num.

Ru

n w

ay len

gth

(m

)

通航机场总数： 159未开通定期航班的机场数： 7 （跑道长度短于 1600

米）

未开通定期航班的机场

Altitude distribution of China’s civil a/p(data of July,2008)

0

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

a/p num.

a/p

alt

itud

e)

昆明机场

九寨沟机场通航机场总数 : 159

高原机场： 12 个

高高原机场： 7 个2438 米

1500 米

The longest domestic flight route operated by China civil aviation is “Urumqi-Guangzhou”, 3275km; the longest route that was once operated in history is “Urumqi-Sanya”, 4074km

The flight whose route distance is equal or shorter than 1000nm occupies 98% of the total flight

The average route distance is 1033km

84% of the passenger turnover of domestic flight routes are completed by single-aisle aircraft

The weighted average seats number of single-aisle aircraft that operate domestic routes is147.

Domestic flight routes operated by China civil aviation

Domestic flight of China(2008)

Daily flight VS. flight distance

0 100 200 300 400 500

<200

300-399

500-599

700-799

900-999

1100-1199

1300-1399

1500-1599

1700-1799

1900-1999

2100-2199

2300-2399

2500-2599

2700-2799

2900-2999

3100-3199

Flig

ht

dis

tan

ce (

km

)

Daily flight number

Average flight distance ：1033km

The lowest safety altitude of China’s western routes is comparatively high. The aircraft that operates western routes need high single-engine rising limit and excellent emergent oxygen supply ability.

The lowest safety altitudes for routes that connects Urumqi with other inner city is 6081m, the lowest safety altitudes for route to Diqing is 6196m.

Domestic flight routes operated by China civil aviation

linedistance

（ km ）Lowest safety alt.（ m ）

C2Flight alt.（ 100m ）

乌鲁木齐 -库车 548 5200 84

兰州 -成都 751 5230 90

西宁 -成都 893 5230 90

兰州 -重庆 964 5230 90

银川 -成都 1038 5230 90

西宁 -重庆 1106 5230 90

兰州 -昆明 1365 5230 102

西宁 -昆明 1507 5230 108

兰州 -桂林 1577 5230 102

兰州 -广州 2003 5230 102

兰州 -深圳 2081 5230 102

兰州 -海口 2110 5230 102

兰州 -珠海 2110 5230 102

西宁 -广州 2145 5230 102

乌鲁木齐 -和田 1023 5889 90

乌鲁木齐 -西宁 1543 6081 102

乌鲁木齐 -兰州 1654 6081 108

乌鲁木齐 -西安 2183 6081 102

乌鲁木齐 -成都 2403 6081 102

乌鲁木齐 -洛阳 2570 6081 102

乌鲁木齐 -重庆 2616 6081 102

乌鲁木齐 -郑州 2684 6081 102

乌鲁木齐 -武汉天河 2893 6081 102

迪庆 -昆明 481 6196 81

迪庆 -西双版纳 709 6196 81

Data of lowest safety Alt. of China civil Avi.（ L S A >5000m ， L D <3000km， not include Tibet

The questionnaire survey for passenger characteristics of China aviation conducted in 2008 shows that the comprise of China’s air-transport passengers has changed from focusing on business passengers to equal emphases on business passengers and tourist passengers. Passengers’ ticket payment source has changed from emphasizing on public fund to both the public fund and private fund. “Swallows that in the hall of grand houses used to nest; have flown into the homes of common folks there to rest. ” China has entered the times of popularized air transport.

Public-payment or business passengers are sensitive to the cabin comfort and flight frequency; private-payment passengers or tourist passengers attach great importance on the ticket price.

The change on passenger structure tells us the design for the future large aircraft should account for both the business passengers and the tourist passengers.

Survey in off season of 2008:travel purpose

50%

42%

8%

66%

28%

6%

31%

55%

14%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

business

Visit

other

旅客比例

全国北京昆明

Survey in off season of 2008: payment source

44%

50%

4%

2%

59%

36%

4%

1%

32%

63%

1%

3%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

public

private

FFPMile exchange

other

旅客比例

全国北京昆明

Due to the serious shortage of regional aircraft, large quantities of low and medium passenger-flow route lies in the state of waiting for exploitation; some low and medium flow routes use narrow body aircraft to operate with low frequency, the booking rate is low and the market is unstable. It is reported that the daily flight frequency of 58.4% of city-pair lines lower than 1 in 2006.

ModelRatio occupying total fleet

Ratio occupying total passenger seats

Double-aisle 10% 18%Narrow body A/C 83% 80%RJ 7% 2%

China civil aviation fleet （ July,2007 ）

The market positioning of ARJ21 ：

The market positioning of ARJ21 ： ARJ21 accounts for both the business passengers and the tourist passengers, and is suitable both in the east and in the west, so it has large market space between narrow body aircraft and small regional aircraft.

ARJ21： range and seat-class

B737-400

B737-500

CRJ700ATR72-210

MD90

B737-300

B737-600

B737-700

B737-800B737-900

A320-200

A319-100

CRJ200ERJ145

DO328

ARJ21-700

ARJ21 发展型

MD82

A321-100 A321-200

B757-200

B767-300

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

range （ km ）

Seat-

cla

ss

CAAC own 842 NB A/CJuly, 2007

A big market between NB A/Cand small RJ forARJ21

Small RJCAAC owns 74 small RJ(Jule,2007) 7

NB A/C

90-seated wholly economic-class layout （ 31 inch row distance)

78-seated mixed seat-class layout（ 36/32 inch row distance)

ARJ21’s seat-classWholly economic-class layout ： 90-seat

Compared with small 50-seated regional jet, its operation cost of unit seat is remarkably lowered.

Mixed seat-class layout: 78-seat

Its comfort can be compared with 150-seated narrow body aircraft, and it can take place narrow body aircraft to improve flight frequency or increase flight coverage rate. Therefore, it is attractive for business passengers.

Cabin comfort of ARJ21Compared with rival aircraft, ARJ21 owns outstanding advantage on cabin comfort

CRJ700/900 ERJ170175/190/195 ARJ21

CRJ700/900 ERJ170/190 ARJ21

Cabin height （ m ） 1.89 2.00 2.03

Cabin width （ m ） 2.55 2.74 3.14

Aisle width （ inch ） 16.00 19.75 19.00Cabin section area （ m2） 3.69 4.28 5.886

Per row cabin cmb （ row distance 32inch ）（ m3） 2.999 3.479 4.784Cabin cmb/seat （ m 3/seat ） 0.75 0.87 0.957

Per seat cabin Comp. base +16% +28%

ARJ21’s rangeThe design range of ARJ21-700ST:1200nm （ 2222km ）

Meet the range requirement of 95% domestic flight. Be able to take off/land at high temperature/plateau airport in the west of China.

The design range of ARJ21-700ER:2000nm （ 3704km ）

Meet the range requirement of most domestic flight. The profit will be high if it is used on thin and long “point-to-point” flight line..

The design range of ARJ21-700ER:2000nm, Meet the range requirement of most domestic flight

The design range of ARJ21-700ST:1200nm,Meet the range requirement of 95% domestic flight

China’s Domestic Flight (2007)

Daily flight No. VS. flight distance

0 100 200 300 400 500

<200

301-400

501-600

701-800

901-1000

1101-1200

1301-1400

1501-1600

1701-1800

1901-2000

2101-2200

2301-2400

2501-2600

2701-2800

2901-3000

3101-3200

3301-3400

3501-3600

3701-3800

Flig

ht d

ista

nce(

km)

Daily flight No.

ARJ21-700ST 设计航程 1200nm,能满足 95% 航班的需求。

ARJ21-700ER 设计航程 2000nm,能满足绝大多数航班的需求。

The Airport Adaptability of ARJ21The airport design requirement for ARJ21-700ST is: be able to take off/land with gross weight （ 1895m,ISA+25ºC, considering obstacle ） at Kunming airport in hot weather. Therefore, ARJ21 will be the best regional jet suitable the strict operation requirement of China’s west airport and flight line.

中国民航机场标高分布(2007.8.统计数据)

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0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

机场累计数

()

机场标高米

昆明机场

九寨沟机场

通航机场总数: 156

ARJ21-700：起飞二阶段爬升梯度限制的起飞重量

昆明机场

32000

34000

36000

38000

40000

42000

44000

46000

48000

50000

52000

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

环境温度（摄氏度）

起飞限重（k

g ）

I SA+10℃

I SA+20℃

I SA+30℃

I SA

H=4000 m.

H=3000 m.

H=2000 m.

H=1000 m.

sea l evel

ARJ 21- 700STMTOW: 40500 kg

ARJ 21- 700ERMTOW: 43500 kg

Take off weight at limited by rising degree at the 2nd phase

circumstance temperature (°C) Total number of airport

Distribution of China’s civil airport altitude(data of Oct.,2007)

ARJ21 will provide new opportunity for airlines to expand current market and open new market ：Open new line, particularly the line whose range is too long if turboprop aircraft are used, and whose passenger flow is insufficient if narrow body aircraft （ B737 or A320 ） are used. Most of these lines have not been opened because there is no suitable aircraft model, including: -- Extend the line to the low passenger flow airport, and push regional economic development ；--Open new “point-to-point” long line, including hot tourist spots, and medium cities with active economy ；-- Provide suitable aircraft model for opening western aviation market whose operation requirement is strict ；-- Open international regional line from Urimuqi to Middle/West Asia and Middle East, and build up fast and convenient “Silk Road in the Air”

Take place narrow body aircraft on low passenger flow route, so as to solve the problem of over-transport capacity, improve flight frequency , stabilize and expand regional air-traffic market. Take place turboprop aircraft and small turbofan aircraft, provide fast and comfortable regional service to meet passenger’s expectation, realizing the perfect joint of trunk line and regional line, especially suitable for business regional market.Provide other derived model for market (freight aircraft and business aircraft)

““point-to-point” direct flight can be realized due to the appeapoint-to-point” direct flight can be realized due to the appearance of rance of ARJ21, which is the most suitable model for reARJ21, which is the most suitable model for regional jet, and there is no need to fly the traditional “hugional jet, and there is no need to fly the traditional “hub-regional” mode.b-regional” mode.

ARJ21 will be an impoARJ21 will be an important transport vehicle rtant transport vehicle in China’s regional train China’s regional transporting market and nsporting market and make significant contrimake significant contribution for the prosperibution for the prosperity of China’s air traffic ty of China’s air traffic market.market.