10- 11 -12 -13 September 2002- Moroc co ARAB I NSTRUMENT PROCEDURE DESI GN SEMINAR Navigation & flight planni ng Navigation & flight planning by FMS-equipped aircraft by FMS-equipped aircraft AI/EE-A 441.0144/01
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 1/67
10-11-12-13 September 2002-Morocco ARAB INSTRUMENT PROCEDURE DESIGN SEMINAR
Navigation & flight planning Navigation & flight planning
by FMS-equipped aircraft by FMS-equipped aircraft
AI/EE-A 441.0144/01
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 2/67
Table of contentsTable of contentsP.3 Navigation & flight anageent
P.! "n overvie# of aircraft avionics
P.$ %PS P'M"( navigation
P.) NP navigation
P.*+ Flight anageent
P.11 Flight planning
P.12 Vertical navigation
P.*3 Navigation database , "'N !! forat
P.*! Path terinator concept
P.15 IF leg type
P.16 TF leg type
P.17 RF leg type (new leg type)
P.18 F leg type
P.1! "F leg type
P.2# F$ leg type
P.21 F leg type
P.22 F" leg type
P.2% F& leg type
P.2' $ leg type
P.25 " leg type
P.26 I leg type
P.27 R leg type
P.28 $F leg type
P.2! V$ leg type
P.%# V" leg type
P.%1 VI leg type
P.%2 V& leg type
P.%% VR leg type
P.%' PI leg type
P.%5 $ F & leg type*
P.3/ "'N !! leg transitions
P.30 Navigation database related issues
P.3) opatibili ty.. .
P.31 Production process
P.!+ Soe top level issues
P.!! ecoendations
P.!$ 'ssues suary
P.!/ Short ter
P.$ Mediu ter
P.$! 2onger ter
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 3/67
10-11-12-13 September 2002-Morocco ARAB INSTRUMENT PROCEDURE DESIGN SEMINAR
Navigation & flight anageent Navigation & flight anageent
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 4/67
"n overvie# of aircraft avionics ..."n overvie# of aircraft avionics ... Modern avionics have considerably iproved flight safety on
non-precision approaches ,
accurate position NP +.34 flight plan display on 5F'S
reference approach path
autoated lateral guidance
autoated vertical guidance ground pro6iity #arning syste %P7S4
terrain display on 5F'S 5%P7S4
terrain clearance floor #arnings 5%P7S4
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 5/67
"n overvie# of aircraft avionics ..."n overvie# of aircraft avionics ...
700’
AGL500’ AGL
5 NM 12 NM15 NM
3 d e g r e
e s
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 6/67
%PS P'M"( navigation%PS P'M"( navigation "'89S is prooting %PS P'M"( navigation
"ll ne# "3*):"3*1:"3+:"3*:"33+:"3!+ production
aircraft are fitted #ith %PS P'M"( capable equipent %round navaids are only used as a bac;up
<=> ?M5
"?F is not used for navigation only for procedural navigation chec;
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 7/67
@ybrid "3+ faily & "3!+ faily4
"'89S syste %PS architecture"'89S syste %PS architecture
MMR
or
GPSSU
ADIRS FMS
IRS position
GPIRS position
GPS ra data
GPS positionFMS position
!GP"S
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 8/67
"utonoous "3++-/++:"3*+ faily> retrofit solution
for "3+ faily #ith older "?'S4
"'89S syste %PS architecture"'89S syste %PS architecture
MMR
IRS
FMS
IRS position
GPS position
FMS position
!GP"S
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 9/67
'n %PS P'M"( ode> on-board syste integrity has
a confidence greater than 11.1A> so the FMS position
can be relied upon #ithout any additional navigationcross chec; using ground based navaids4
lear status of %PS P'M"( is therefore provided to
the cre#
%PS P'M"( cre# interface%PS P'M"( cre# interface
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 10/67
GPS PRIMAR# L$S%GPS PRIMAR#
%PS P'M"( cre# interface%PS P'M"( cre# interface
CLB FLT4567890 CRZ OPT REC MAXFL350 FL370 FL390
<REPORT UPDATE AT*[ ] BRG /DIT !!!" /!!!!#! TO [ ] PREDICTI$E<GP GP PRIMAR%RE&UIRED ACCUR ETIMATED '#()M IG 0#(6)M
GP PRIMAR%
CLB FLT4567890 CRZ OPT REC MAXFL350 FL370 FL390
<REPORT UPDATE AT*[ ] BRG /DIT !!!" /!!!!#! TO [ ] PREDICTI$E<GPRE&UIRED ACCUR ETIMATED '#()M IG 0#'8)M
GP PRIMAR% LOT
& trip'e ('i() d*ring approa(+
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 11/67
NP navigationNP navigation "'89S is prooting NP required navigation
perforance4
"ll "3*):"3*1:"3+:"3*:"33+:"3!+ aircraft are
fitted or have been retrofitted #ith NP capable
equipent
NP allo#s cre# a#areness of estiated aircraft position accuracy copared to procedure designerBs
required perforance assuptions
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 12/67
NAV ACCUR UPGRAD
NP anageent provides @'%@ and 2=7 navigation
accuracy syste onitoring against the equired
Navigation Perforance The syste estiated accuracy has a 1$A confidence
NP cre# interfaceNP cre# interface
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 13/67
NAV ACCUR UPGRAD NAV ACCUR DOWNGRAD
NP cre# interfaceNP cre# interface
CLB FLT4567890 CRZ OPT REC MAXFL350 FL370 FL390
<REPORT UPDATE AT*[ ] BRG /DIT !!!" /!!!!#! TO [ ] PREDICTI$E<GPRE&UIRED ACCUR ETIMATED 0#3)M IG 0#'8)M)A$ ACCUR UPGRAD
CLB FLT4567890 CRZ OPT REC MAXFL350 FL370 FL390
<REPORT UPDATE AT*[ ] BRG /DIT !!!" /!!!!#! TO [ ] PREDICTI$E<GPRE&UIRED ACCUR ETIMATED 0#3)M LO+ 0#56)M)A$ ACCUR DO+)GRAD
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 14/67
"'89S flight anageent details"'89S flight anageent details Multi-sensor navigation & autoatic navaid tuning
triple 'S> dual <= & ?M5> %PS
n'S only> n'S:<=:?M5> n'S:?M5:?M5> n'S:%PS
2= updating
NP anageent
%PS priary navigation
"'M or "'M5 on-board integrity onitoring
certified for NP +.3 NM use ?atalin;
including F-P2N> T:= ?"T" and 7'N? uplin; capability fro "=
"irline =perational ontrol4
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 15/67
"'89S flight anageent details"'89S flight anageent details !? flight planning & predictions
run#ay to run#ay !? pre-coputed optiiCed flight profile
real tie optiiCation decelerated approach profile> 3? non-precision approaches
full autopilot coupling capability dual FMS> dual onitored
"P4
tie resolution * inute> guidance accuracy around inutes planned iproveent to * second resolution> accuracy better
than 3+ s
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 16/67
Flight planningFlight planning =rigin
?eparture S'?
5ngine out S'?
5n-route
"rrival ST"
"pproach
?estination
Missed approach
"lternate flight plan
"lternate destination
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 17/67
<ertical flight anageent<ertical flight anageent
D
SP!!DLIMI%
SP!!D
,$NS%RAIN%S
AL%I%UD!
,$NS%RAIN%SAL%I%UD!
,$NS%RAIN%S
$RIGIN
D!S%INA%I$N
SP!!D
,$NS%RAIN%S
SP!!D
LIMI%
A,,!L!RA%I$N AL%
%-RUS% R!DU,%I$N AL%
,RUIS! FLS%!P FL
IDL! pat+
geo.etri( pat+
approa(+ pat+
press*ri/ation
seg.ent
%A!$FF ,LIM ,RUIS! D!S,!N% APPR$A,-
APPR$A,-
SP!!DS
%A!$FF
SP!!DS
%IM!
,$NS%RAIN%
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 18/67
10-11-12-13 September 2002-Morocco ARAB INSTRUMENT PROCEDURE DESIGN SEMINAR
Navigation database , "'N !! Navigation database , "'N !!
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 19/67
"'N !! path terinator concept"'N !! path terinator concept The Path and Terinator concept is a eans to perit
coding of Terinal "rea Procedures> S'?s> ST"s and
"pproach Procedures harted procedure are translated into a sequence of
"'N !! legs in the Navigation ?atabase
Flight plans are entered into the FMS by using procedures fro the navigation database and chaining
the together
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 20/67
"'N !! path terinator concept"'N !! path terinator concept 3 leg types have been created to translate into coputer
language FMS4> procedure designed for cloc; &
copass anual flight 'tBs high tie to ipleent N"<> using only ?=3/
preferred leg types, 'F> TF> F #hich are fi6ed and
#ithout possible interpretation The leg type is specified at the end point , Dpath
terinator conceptE
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 21/67
'F leg type'F leg type The 'nitial Fi6 or 'F 2eg defines a database fi6 as a point
in space
't is only required to define the beginning of a route or
procedure
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 22/67
TF leg typeTF leg type Trac; to a Fi6 or TF 2eg defines a great circle trac; over
ground bet#een t#o ;no#n databases fi6es
Preferred ethod for specification of straight legs
course or heading can be entioned on charts> but
designer should ensure TF leg is used for coding4
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 23/67
F leg type ne# leg type4F leg type ne# leg type4 onstant adius "rc or F 2eg defines a constant radius
turn bet#een t#o database fi6es> lines tangent to the arc
and a center fi6
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 24/67
F leg typeF leg type ourse to a Fi6 or F 2eg defines a specified course to a
specific database fi6
TF legs should be used instead of F #henever possible
to avoid agnetic variation issues
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 25/67
?F leg type?F leg type ?irect to a Fi6 or ?F 2eg defines an unspecified trac;
starting fro an undefined position to a specified fi6
Procedure designers should ta;e into account the FMS
flight path depends on initial aircraft heading as #ell
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 26/67
F" leg typeF" leg type Fi6 to an "ltitude or F" 2eg defines a specified trac;
over ground fro a database fi6 to a specified altitude at
an unspecified position
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 27/67
F leg typeF leg type Trac; fro a Fi6 fro a ?istance or F 2eg defines a
specified trac; over ground fro a database fi6 for a
specific distance
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 28/67
F? leg typeF? leg type Trac; fro a Fi6 to a ?M5 ?istance or F? 2eg defines a
specified trac; over ground fro a database fi6 to a
specific ?M5 ?istance #hich is fro a specific database?M5 Navaid
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 29/67
FM leg typeFM leg type Fro a Fi6 to a Manual terination or FM 2eg defines a
specified trac; over ground fro a database fi6 until
Manual terination of the leg
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 30/67
" leg type" leg type ourse to an "ltitude or " 2eg defines a specified
course to a specific altitude at an unspecified position
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 31/67
? leg type? leg type ourse to a ?M5 ?istance or ? 2eg defines a specified
course to a specific ?M5 ?istance #hich is fro a
specific database ?M5 Navaid
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 32/67
' leg type' leg type ourse to an 'ntercept or ' 2eg defines a specified
course to intercept a subsequent leg
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 33/67
leg type leg type ourse to a adial terination or 2eg defines a
course to a specified adial fro a specific database
<= Navaid
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 34/67
"F leg type"F leg type "rc to a Fi6 or "F 2eg defines a trac; over ground at
specified constant distance fro a database ?M5 Navaid
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 35/67
<" leg type<" leg type @eading to an "ltitude terination or <" 2eg defines a
specified heading to a specific "ltitude terination at an
unspecified position
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 36/67
<? leg type<? leg type @eading to a ?M5 ?istance terination or <? 2eg
defines a specified heading terinating at a specified
?M5 ?istance fro a specific database ?M5 Navaid
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 37/67
<' leg type<' leg type @eading to an 'ntercept or <' 2eg defines a specified
heading to intercept the subsequent leg at an unspecified
position
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 38/67
<M leg type<M leg type @eading to a Manual terination or <M 2eg defines a
specified heading until a Manual terination
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 39/67
< leg type< leg type @eading to a adial terination or < 2eg defines a
specified heading to a specified radial fro a specific
database <= Navaid
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 40/67
P' leg typeP' leg type Procedure Turn or P' 2eg defines a course reversal
starting at a specific database fi6> includes =utbound 2eg
follo#ed by a left or right turn and *)+ degree coursereversal to intercept the ne6t leg
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 41/67
@"> @F> @M leg types@"> @F> @M leg types acetrac; ourse eversal or @"> @F and @M 2eg
Types define racetrac; pattern or course reversals at a
specified database fi6
A ! A"t#t$%e Term#&'t#o&
( ! S#&)"e c#rc$#t term#&'t#&)
't t*e +#, b'.e t$r&/
M ! M'&$'" Term#&'t#o&
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 42/67
"'N !! - allo#able leg transitions"'N !! - allo#able leg transitions ! T*e I( "e) #. co%e% o&"
*e& t*e '"t#t$%e co&.tr'#&t. 't
e'c* e&% o+ t*e (456 45 or
PI5 "e) 're %#++ere&t7
8 ! A C(9D(6 D(9D( or (C9D(
.e:$e&ce .*o$"% o&" be $.e%
*e& t*e term#&'t#o& o+ t*e +#r.t
"e) m$.t be o;er +"o&6
ot*er#.e '"ter&'t#;e co%#&)
.*o$"% be $.e%7
< ! T*e I(9R( comb#&'t#o& #.
o&" perm#tte% 't t*e .t'rt o+ t*e
+#&'" 'ppro'c* +or (MS6 GPS or
M=S co%#&) '&% o&" *e& '
.tr'#)*t "#&e6 +#,e% term#&'te%
tr'&.#t#o& procee%. t*e .t'rt o+
t*e +#&'"7
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 43/67
10-11-12-13 September 2002-Morocco ARAB INSTRUMENT PROCEDURE DESIGN SEMINAR
Navigation database related issues Navigation database related issues
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 44/67
opatibility...opatibility...
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 45/67
Navigation data production process Navigation data production process
Pro(ed*re design34 ,ii' Aiation A*t+orities
Data S*pp'ier
FMS Data3ase Pro(essing
FMS
AIP
ARIN, 626 .aster8 9i'e
Pa()ed Data
operator responsi3i'it4
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 46/67
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 47/67
einder - flight plan constructioneinder - flight plan construction harted procedure are translated into a sequence of
"'N !! legs in the Navigation ?atabase
Flight plans are entered into the FMS by calling procedures fro the navigation database
Procedure segents are chained together or elded4 to
for the FMS flight plan
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 48/67
56aple , F-P2N procedure elding56aple , F-P2N procedure elding Procedures are chained together to for the FMS flight
plan. 56aple ,
Arr#;'" c*'rt
A#r'. c*'rt
Appro'c* c*'rt
E&ro$te'#r' .
STAR-e&ro$tetr'&.#t#o&
Appro'c*STAR
STAR-'ppro'c*
tr'&.#t#o& VIA/
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 49/67
56aple , procedure copatibility G56aple , procedure copatibility G Possible procedure isconnects bet#een en-route>
arrival> and approach charts
Possible discontinuities bet#een or inside procedures
'ncopatible or conflicting altitude requireents
bet#een arrival and approach charts
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 50/67
10-11-12-13 September 2002-Morocco ARAB INSTRUMENT PROCEDURE DESIGN SEMINAR
Navigation database recoendations Navigation database recoendations
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 51/67
7aypoint naing issues7aypoint naing issues?ifferent approach procedure types '2S:2=:N"<H4 use
different traIectories and:or #aypoint naes #ithout reason
9nnaed #aypoints on charts are assigned default naes
Sae #aypoint naes used at different locations
hart #ording leading to usage of leg types #hich cause the
FMS to create its o#n #aypoints> #ith naes #hich do not
atch chart
oding constraints lead to creation of #aypoints not on the
chart
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 52/67
Procedure traIectory issuesProcedure traIectory issues hart #ording and:or coding rules lead to coding of agnetic
course leg types such as F legs
hart #ording and:or coding rules lead to bad coding ofvertical descent angles> #hich are critical to a correct vertical
path
'F iniu altitudes often coded as D"TE constraints
=verfly #aypoints traIectories are not repeatable
8aroetric teperature liitations should be indicated on
charts
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 53/67
=verfly #aypoints , depending on #ind> aircraft speed>
ban; angle liitation etcH the FMS traIectory #ill be
different
7hy not use overfly #aypoints G7hy not use overfly #aypoints G
trajectory
not repeatable
overfly wpt
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 54/67
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 55/67
F leg agnetic course angles ay isatch ,
e,ce..#;e ro""
m'&e$;er#&)
7hy not use F legs G7hy not use F legs G
NN
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 56/67
TF legs al#ays fit> independently of agnetic variation ,7hy use TF legs G7hy use TF legs G
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 57/67
ID=E .e)me&t
7hy code FP" constraint on each7hy code FP" constraint on each
F'N"2 leg GF'N"2 leg G
(PA .m'""er t*'&
'"t#t$%e co&.tr'#&t
(PA )re'ter t*'&'"t#t$%e co&.tr'#&t
No (PA
(PA m'tc*e. '"t#t$%e
co&.tr'#&t
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 58/67
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 59/67
7hy use "TJ=J"8=<5 altitude7hy use "TJ=J"8=<5 altitude
constraints Gconstraints G 9sing "TJ=J"8=<5 constraints and FP" constraint
on each leg ensures sealess path
MDA
&';#)'t#o& %'t'b'.e ;ert#c'" '&)"e
&';#)'t#o& %'t'b'.e ;ert#c'" '&)"e
MAP
' p p r o ' c * p r o + # " e
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 60/67
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 61/67
Mediu ter - "T" ?"@ prioritiesMediu ter - "T" ?"@ priorities edesign of e6isting non-precision approaches to accoodate <N"<
"ltitudes at precision F"FBs
9nnaed step-do#n fi6es
7aypoints on 5F'S but not in database or charts
7aypoint naes longer than five characters
?uplicate navaid and #aypoint identifiers
?ifferent altitude for sae point on ST"Bs and approaches Magnetic variation tables used in course calculations
<N"< angle depiction on charts
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 62/67
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 63/67
2onger ter - recoendations2onger ter - recoendations Publication of a single standard:language for procedure
design> database coding> and FMS
educed "'N !! set 'proved charts-database-FMS copatibility
?esign of DFMS-friendlyE procedures
Publication of these procedures using FMS copatible
language in addition to charts4
Publications of standards for navigation database integrity
and certification
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 64/67
2onger ter - coon language2onger ter - coon language oprehensive #orld#ide coonality requires rules at '"=
level
" coon coding Standard should be ,
clearly defined>
including rules for use by both the aircraft and the N"< "irspace
Planner>
the iniu capability of any LF"NS N"< systeE>
the a6iu set usable by the N"< "irspace Planner
This #ould ensure a unique unabiguous coding of routes and
procedures
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 65/67
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 66/67
2onger ter - integrity2onger ter - integrity 'ntegrity ust concern the entire process> fro procedure
design to the loading of the FMS
9ltiate goal should be a fully digital process Process should be under direct supervision of airspace
anageent authorities
7orld#ide ipleentation requires '"= rules
7/24/2019 Arinc Leg Types
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/arinc-leg-types 67/67
E&% o+ pre.e&t't#o& >
A& :$e.t#o&?