ENERGY SCIENCE BUILDING ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY 9700 S. CASS AVENUE, ARGONNE, IL ARCH 475: INTEGRATIVE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO PROFESSOR MICHAEL KYONG-IL KIM, PH.D., AIA UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN FINAL DESIGN REVIEW JULY 11, 2012 DESIGN TEAM: NICHOLAS MOORHOUSE LOUIS PONG HOLDEN SCULLY JIENAN ZHANG
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ENERGY SCIENCE BUILDINGARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY9700 S. CASS AVENUE, ARGONNE, ILARCH 475: INTEGRATIVE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO
PROFESSOR MICHAEL KYONG-IL KIM, PH.D., AIAUNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSPREFACE
We would like to thank HDR for their role as a teaching offi ce in Dr. Michael Kim’s Summer 2012 studio at the University of Illinois- Champaign Urbana.
On behalf of our design group and the class we would like to thank James Lierman, Claire Swenson, Marty Stir, and Greg Sloniger for their role as our consultant, advisor and critique for the duration of the project. We thank HDR for their role as a teaching offi ce and for their hospitality.
We thank Argonne National Laboratory and HDR for granting our studio access to the proposed site documentation. The legitimacy of the project offers an excellent chance to learn procedure and practice of the design process in a professional setting.
The following document serves as a report submitted as a requirement for the concept design review for the course Architecture 475: Architectural Capstone Design Studio.
The purpose of this project was to study, examine, and develop a practical and professional approach to comprehensive building design. This approach was meant to produce effi cient project execution with the desired project goals, keeping in mind the limited means and constraints through synergistic design integration and successful team collaboration. Our goal was to achieve this under the realistic temporal, technical, legal, and budgetary limitations.
For Summer 2012, we studied laboratory design through a project that the fi rm HDR was in the process of working on. The Energy Science Building (ESB) was a project for Argonne National Labs in Lemont, Illinois. This project was conceived though the careful guidance of HDR and Dr. Michael Kim.
We thank our studio for their continued participation and critique during our design process. The discussion was enlightening each day as we developed our architectural palette for laboratory design.
Finally, we thank Dr. Michael K. Kim for the guidance as a professor as well as a mentor throughout the project. Your wealth of knowledge in structural systems and holistic design practice is invaluable to our learning in this course as well as in our future development as professionals. Thank you for your continued care and consideration not only for us as developing designers, but as balanced, responsible, and considerate people as well.
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ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY MISSION
STATEMENT
Our mission is to apply a unique mix of world-class science, engineering and user facilities to deliver innovative research and technologies. We create new knowledge that addresses the most important scientifi c and societal needs of our nation. Argonne’s programmatic activities cover all aspects of the innovation ecology: basic research, technology development and prototype development and testing. We regularly work with industry through exclusive licensing, joint research and a variety of other mechanisms to transfer our inventions to the market place.
ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY VISION
We will lead the world in providing scientifi c and engineering solutions to the grand challenges of our time: sustainable energy, a healthy environment, and a secure nation.
A.1.1 To be conducive in facilitating the discovery of solutions to the grand challenges of our time.
A.1.1.1 To provide adaptable units that can still be unique and used for a specifi c purpose A.1.1.2. To integrate the work environment by meshing work spaces with gathering spaces A.1.1.3 To provide fl exible mobility in the labs
A.1.2 To promote collaboration between departments
A.1.2.1 To create a central node for all researchers of Argonne A.1.2.2 To provide convenient spaces for both formal and informal collaboration A.1.2.3 To set an example for future development of the Argonne campus A.1.2.4 To utilize our site to promote walking A.1.2.5 To utilize connections of the buildings to save energy
A.2 Environmental Comfort
A.2.1 To create a level of comfort that elevates researchers’ productivity and well being in the lab environment A.2.1.1 To provide natural light in areas that allow it A.2.1.2 To allow control over temperature and humidity based on the laboratory needed by the researchers A.2.1.3 To provide protection from the outdoor environment A.2.1.4 To provide constant air exchange for the occupants’ health A.2.1.5 To provide proper acoustics for communication and research A.2.1.6 To provide adequate space for maintenance of both laboratories and equipment
Projects Goals
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A.3 Safety and Protection
A.3.1 To create safe environments for scientists and visitors
A.3.1.1 Provide alarm systems to prevent unauthorized entry into secure spaces A.3.1.2 Provide protection system warning if hazardous materials are in safe zones A.3.1.3 Provide consistent means of decontamination A.3.1.4 Provide a structure that creates a safe environment for the occupants
A.3.2 To create a safe environment for the community
A.3.2.1 Provide warning systems and clear pathways for hazardous exhaust
A.3.3 To ensure life safety and proper means of egress
A.3.3.1 By providing a means of evacuation from the premises and easily accessible evacuation route maps A.3.3.2 Deny access to restricted areas in order to prevent unwanted personnel in hazardous areas A.3.3.3 Create safe and pedestrian free traffi c patterns for the removal of hazardous material
A.4 Usability
A.4.1 To maximize user friendly design
A.4.1.1 Utilize multiple interior fi nish materials and colors to designate different areas A.4.1.2 Separate service from public use to minimize foot traffi c A.4.1.3 To create 24 hour access for authorized personnel and extended v isiting hours for optimal use of the building A.4.1.4 Design a structure that optimizes the amount of open fl oor space to effi ciently lay out lab spaces
A.4.2 To provide clear means of way fi nding
A.4.2.1 Provide open and clearly marked entrance ways, meeting areas, and hallways A.4.2.2 Create signs designating specifi c spaces only as necessary A.4.2.3 Minimize circulation routes to prevent users from getting lost (dead end corridors)
B.1 To present a cutting edge image of Argonne in the global scientifi c community, attracting talented scientists
B.1.1 To project Argonne’s leadership in the fi elds of national security, energy, and the environment through a state of the art building B.1.2 To provide an introduction to Argonne’s campus B.1.3 To set a new visual standard for the campus while integrating the existing tectonics
C. Meronic Value
C.1 To bring the attention of the scientifi c community to the region
C.2 Addressing the site in a macro, micro-macro, and micro as a system
C.2.1 The macro, to work as a safe and sustaining system of connections, linking the campus
C.2.1.1 To limit vehicular traffi c, making the campus more accessible to pedestrians
C.2.2 The micro-macro, the quad, to promote social interaction
C.2.2.1 To create opportunistic spaces where multiple disciplines meet
C.2.3 The micro, to build it as the front door to show the identity of interdisciplinary sciences
C.2.3.1 To build a gateway to campus, bringing all the sciences together C.2.3.2 To locate at the center so it becomes the precedence of the region
C.3 The construction phase, allows the region to continue to serve its purpose
C.3.1 To be conscience of the working environment due to construction
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D. Construct ability
D.1 To construct a building that effi ciently utilizes materials, workers and budget through innovative technologies and practices
D.1.1 To maximize safety for workers/occupants/others around campus D.1.2 To maximize regularity (geometric shapes, materials) whenever possible for faster and more cost effective construction D.1.3 To create a design that facilitates prefabrication whenever possible D.1.4 To use local materials whenever possible (to cut down costs and delays related to shipping) and support local economies
E. Social Responsiveness
E.1 To stress design innovation to mirror the scientifi c innovation occurring within Argonne
E.1.1 To facilitate the adaptation of technological advances
E.2 To foster advancing technological solutions while steering society towards sustainable independence
E.2.1 To implement renewable energy at a large scale and decrease environmental impacts such as (Hazardous) by-products E.2.2 To minimize the dependence on foreign countries for natural resources
E.3 To provide society with elite research and innovative solutions thus improving the standard of living
E.3.1 By encouraging interdisciplinary interaction among everyone at Argonne E.3.2 To increase human health and well-being by encouraging a pedestrian and walk able lifestyle/ work style around the campus E.3.3 To increase the economic sustainability and image through a more welcoming vista experience
E.4 Sharing the history and future of the campus/laboratory
E.4.1 To ensure a high level of safety and security for employees and visitors at all times on the Argonne premises E.4.2 Through the separation of occupant only and visitor friendly programmatic areas
F.1 To create a building that invests in the future of the scientifi c research conducted Argonne
F.1.1 To create a space that allows for the research fl exibility at minimal future modifi cations F.1.2 To create a structure that serves as a vehicle for capital growth through up and coming research and development F.1.3 To create a building that serves as a vehicle for intellectual growth through scientifi c education and awareness directed towards future generations
G. Preservation of the Designed Value
G.1 To create physical layouts that allow for functional and aesthetic properties to follow effi ciently G.2 To create spaces that are able to adapt to the expected change in function
G.2.1 To design for future expansion and growth of the laboratory G.2.2 For the building to be able to adapt with the changing of culture and outlook
G.3 To choose materials, structural systems, and methods of design that will maintain building function despite expected degradation
G.3.1 To effi ciently use HVAC systems in a laboratory environment G.3.2 To maximize usage of local, sustainable construction materials with resilient life spans
G.4 To create a LEED Gold certifi ed structure by exploring alternative and sustainable methods of power generation, maximum natural lighting, and thermal comfort that mitigate building operation costs
G.5 To monitor building systems to eliminate system failures as a preventative action
G.5.1 Challenges: limited technology and cost
G.6 To address and preserve the historical value and past development of Argonne
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Relationship between Chicago and Lemont, Illinois, the site of Argonne National Laboratory
Major HighwayI-55I-355
Major Access St94th StreetNorthgate Road
ChicagoLemont
Site Context
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Attracting Researchers
Public lecture series are held Host thousands of visitors per year Building program must accommodate for these functions by creating spaces for gathering and collaboration Provide University of Chicago shuttle Educational Programs are held Postdoctoral and Faculty Programs
Cultural Capitol Three Nobel Prizes 100 Research and Development Awards
More than 700 National and International awards and Honors More than 800 Patents University Culture
Argonne maintains a portfolio of social research projects, emphasizing theory, methodology and modeling, and a wide range of application areas
Argonne’s Impact on Illinois
4,950 jobs created throughout Illinois $695 million in total revenue $600 million in federal research funding attracted to Illinois
$210 million in income for households
$90 million in goods and services purchased from Illinois businesses
$34 million in building at Argonne site
DOE provides 8 million toward ESB and another 87 million toward future campus projects
Financial ContextBudget: $100,000,000 Does not include scientifi c instrumentation
LEED Gold certifi cation requirement may result in higher costs
Increased material costs result in less available funds for other aspects of design
Federally funded from DOE Taxpayer money comes with stringent requirements
Taxpayers like to know their tax dollars are spent wisely, not frivolously
Socio-Cultural Context
Economic Context
Researchers need a quality working environment that is conductive to further research
The energy quad creates a walking campus that encourages socializing
Communication within social domains throughout Argonne must be easily attainable
All of these factors help the fl ow of funding and development of research departments. These factors infl uence the longevity and relevance of Argonne National Laboratory.
Political Hierarchy
Operations Physical Sciences& Engineering
Energy Engineering& Systems Analysis
Computing, Environment
& Life Sciences
Photon Sciences
BIODIS ASD
AES
XSD
CSE
HEP High Energy Physics
MSD Materials Science
PHY
ES Energy Systems
MCSNE
EVS Environment Science
Partnership
DOE Office of Science Office of Science Project Assessment
Equipment Maintainence
Administration Program
– designing and synthesizing new materials
–better batteries with higher energy densities, enhanced safety, and extended lifetimes
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What is Meronic Design?
What are the means to solve the problems which are determined by our preestablished goals?
What are the most important site implications and how can they be integrated to the whole as a meron in the context?
Will the building develop within the integrity of the site to be responsive to its neighbors while increasing the value of the greater whole?
Interpretation
The value of an entity as an element of a larger whole with regard to its effect on the value of the larger whole.
How the building adheres to the Argonne Campus, traffi c fl ow, economic activity, fi nancial concerns, and socio-cultural context
Approaching the Site
The site of the proposed ESB is located off the corner of 94th street and Northgate Road. The location is at the northern most point of campus which is also at the single entrance to campus. This has created a unique opportunity to redesign the image of Argonne.
There are two major axis roads where vehicular traffi c meets the site, 94th Street and Northgate Road. 94th Street, which approaches the site from the east, is the road from which the fi rst impression of the campus will be viewed. Our structure will be the symbol of Argonne and a symbol for the unique mix of world-class science, engineering, research, and technological facilities. This campus promotes innovative design and the “gateway” to the campus should refl ect that. This approach is from the Northeast. The functional entrance approaches from the Southwest, and has more neighbors to be concerned about. ESB must improve the quality of the site while maintaining its integrity.
Our purpose is to create a symbol for Argonne that responds to the mission statement of Argonne National Laboratory. By coming up with the means in the form of the project goals we are then able to interpret the needs of the site and to increase the value for the client while creating architecture that provides a benefi t for the well being of humanity
In order to establish our building as a well adapted muron, we noted key areas that would become opportunities or placeholders in our site.
By recognizing these events, we could better determine our formal geometry in the early design phase and better serve the project goals which were previously stated.
SITE
Site Organization
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Functional Units and their Relationships
Most Necessary
With the help of HDR’s lab module research, along with crafted theory, we were able to decipher the relationships among the different programmatic functions using an adjacency diagram. This detailed analysis formed micro communities which could then be linked based on their signifi cance in relation to the major functional units.
Micros
copy
Lab
Other L
abs
Resea
rch O
ffice
Admini
strati
on O
ffice
Confer
ence
; Sem
inar
Cafe
Lobb
y (Rec
eptio
n) Area
Facilit
y Stor
age
Mecha
nical
Electric
al
Load
ing D
ock
Microscopy LabOther Labs
Research Office
Administration Office
Conference; SeminarCafe
Lobby (Reception) Area
Facility StorageMechanical
Electrical
Loading Dock
Labo
ratory
Office
Amenitie
sBuil
ding
Suppo
rt
Less NecessaryNo Preference Less SeparationNo Adjacency
In order to understand the major functional units spacially we started organizing and grouping the spaces relative to size and their need based location referred to from the adjacency diagram. We have denoted the spaces in a sub categories such as offi ce, public, and private spaces.
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Allen, Edward, and Joseph Iano. Fundamentals of Building Construction: Materials and Methods. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009. Print.
Allen, Edward, and Joseph Iano. The Architect’s Studio Companion: Rules of Thumb for Preliminary Design. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007. Print.
Lechner, Norbert. Heating, Cooling, Lighting: Sustainable Design Methods for Architects. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. Print.
Bibliography
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Codes and Regulations
Building Code
International Building Code (IBC) 2009 edition
Occupancy
Group B-Business Occupancy For the purposes for the ESB is Group B - Business Occupancy IBC 304.1 identifi es research laboratories as B occupancy
Hazardous Material Control Areas
Two Control Areas per Floor Seperated by 1 hour fi re barrierOperational limitation of hazardous materials within control areas
Fire Protection Systems
Sprinklers
All areas of the ESB must have an automatic fi re surppression system (IBC 903)
Atrium
If an atrium connecting three or more fl oor levels is designed for the building, a smoke control system will be required (IBC 404.4). All atrium spaces shall be seperated from adjacent spaces by a 1- hour fi re barrier wall (IBC 404.5)
Handicapped Accessibility
Required
The regulations of the American National Standards Institute apply to all public buildings and facilities. Parts of the buildings open only to employees are excempt from these regulations, but are still subject to the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Illinois Accessibility Code.