Argentine Civil Wars 1 Argentine Civil Wars Argentine Civil Wars From top left: Battle of Arroyo Grande, execution of Manuel Dorrego, Battle of Pav€n, death of Juan Lavalle, murder of Facundo Quiroga, Battle of Caseros, Battle of Famaill•, Battle of Vuelta de Obligado. Date 1814 €1880 Location Argentina Uruguay Result Federalization of Buenos Aires Sanction of a federalConstitution Belligerents Federales Blancos Unitarios Colorados Commanders and leaders Juan Manuel de Rosas Manuel DorregoJusto Josƒ de Urquiza€ Francisco Ram„rez€ Facundo Quiroga€ Chacho Pe…aloza€ Manuel Oribe Bartolomƒ Mitre Bernardino Rivadavia Juan Lavalle€ Josƒ Mar„a Paz(POW) Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Fructuoso Rivera The Argentine Civil Wars were a series of internecine wars that took place in Argentina from 1814 to 1880. These conflicts were separate from the Argentine War of Independence (1810 €1820), though they first arose during this period. During this time Argentina was a failed state. The main antagonists were, on a geographical level, Buenos Aires Province and the other provinces of modern Argentina, and on a political level, between the Federal Party and the Unitarian Party. The central cause of the conflict was the excessive centralism advanced by Buenos Aires leaders and, for a long period, the monopoly on the use of the Port of Buenos Aires as the sole means for international commerce. Other participants at specific times included Uruguay, and the British and French empires, notably in the French blockade of the R„o de la Plata of 1838 and in the Anglo-French blockade of the R„o de la Plata that ended in 1850.
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Regionalism had long marked the relationship among the numerous provinces of what today is Argentina, and the
wars of independence did not result in national unity. The establishment of the League of the Free Peoples by the
Eastern Bank of the Uruguay River and four neighboring provinces in 1814 marked the first formal rupture in theUnited Provinces of South America that had been created by the 1810 May Revolution.
The Battle of Cepeda (1820) thwarted the goal of Buenos Aires leaders to govern the country under the Argentine
Constitution of 1819, and following a series of disorders and a short-lived Constitutional Republic led by Buenos
Aires centralist Bernardino Rivadavia in 1826 and 1827, the United Provinces established in 1810 again became
divided, and the Province of Buenos Aires would emerge as the most powerful among the numerous
semi-independent states.
Rosas and the Unitarians
Buenos Aires Governor Juan Manuel de
Rosas secured the Confederation under
Federalist rule.
A Rosas-era banner calling for "death to
the brutal Unitarians" typified the ongoing
conflict.
An understanding was entered into by Buenos Aires Governor Juan Manuelde Rosas and other Federalist leaders out of need and a shared enmity
toward the still vigorous Unitarian Party, who advocated differing forms of
centralized government. The latter's 1830 establishment of the Unitarian
League by C€rdoba leader Josƒ Mar„a Paz from nine western and northern
provinces thus forced Buenos Aires, Corrientes and Entre R„os Provinces
into the Federal Pact of 1831, following which the Unitarian League was
dismantled. The Buenos Aires leader deposed by Rosas in 1829, General
Juan Lavalle, also led a series of rebellions with different alliances against
Rosas and the Federal Pact until Lavalle's defeat and assassination in 1841.
Since the fall of Rivadavia and the lack of a proper head of state there was a
dynamic whereby leaders (caudillos) from the hinterland provinces would
delegate certain powers, such as foreign debt payment or the management of
international relations to the Buenos Aires leader. In addition, Rosas was
granted the sum of public power. These powers also enabled Rosas to
participate in the protracted Uruguayan Civil War in favor of Manuel Oribe,
though unsuccessfully; Oribe, in turn, led numerous military campaigns on
behalf of Rosas, and became an invaluable ally in the struggle against
Lavalle and other Unitarians. The Argentine Confederation thus functioned,
albeit amid ongoing conflicts, until the 1852 Battle of Caseros, when Rosas
was deposed and exiled.
Urquiza and the secession of Buenos Aires
The central figure in the overthrow of Rosas, Entre R„os Governor Justo Josƒ
de Urquiza, failed to secure Buenos Aires' ratification of the 1852 San
Nicol•s Agreement, and the State of Buenos Aires was declared. The
secessionist state rejected the 1853 Constitution of Argentina, and promulgated its own the following year. The most
contentious issue remained the Buenos Aires Customs, which remained under the control of the city government and
was the chief source of public revenue. Nations with which the Confederation maintained foreign relations,
moreover, kept all embassies in Buenos Aires (rather than in the capital, Paran•).
Article Sources and ContributorsArgentine Civil Wars Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=592164353 Contributors: Anotherclown, Aymatth2, Cambalachero, Courcelles, DagosNavy, Dentren, Edward J.
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Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Guerra Civil.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Guerra_Civil.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors:
La_conducci€n_del_cad•ver_de_Lavalle_en_la_quebrada_de_Humahuaca.JPG: Nicanor Blanes Batalla_de_Arroyo_Grande.jpg: Carlos Descalzo (1813 - 1879) Fusilamiento_de_Dorrego.jpg:
Augusto Ballerini (1857 - 1897) Batalla_de_Pavon.jpg: Ignacio Manzoni Barranca_Yaco_2.jpeg: Gaetano Descalzi (1809-1886) Caseros.jpg: Austrian writer Alejandro Bernheim and the Italian
cartoonist Carlos Penutti. Alejandro Bernheim founded together with the Chilean writer Manuel Bilbao (1827-95) the newspaper "La Rep‡blica" in 1868. IMPORTANT: Even if both were only
18 years old in 1852 (that is, were born in 1834) and had lived up to 100 years old and had died in 1934, even so more than 75 years has passed. Famaill•.jpg:
Batalla_de_la_Vuelta_de_Obligado.jpg: Manuel Larravide (1871-1910) derivative work: Belgrano (talk)
File:Flag of Artigas.svg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Artigas.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Jordevi
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UberHalogen
File:Flag of Unitarian Party (Navy).svg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_Unitarian_Party_(Navy).svg License: Public Domain Contributors: ALE!, Cycn,
Fma12, Guilherme Paula, 1 anonymous edits
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File:Rosas 2.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Rosas_2.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Fernando Garc„a del Molino (1813 € 1899) (attributed)
File:Mueran los salvajes unitarios.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mueran_los_salvajes_unitarios.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Juan Manuel de Rosas
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File:Bartolom€ Mitre 3.jpg Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Bartolomƒ_Mitre_3.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Original uploader was ALE! at de.wikipedia