STRUCTURAL/ STRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE JURASSIC- EOCENE BASINS IN THE VICINITY OF THE QAROUN AREA ,WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT, USING SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL DATA BY TAMMAM MOHAMED TAMMAM B. Sc. GEOLOGY THESIS PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT /FOR THE M.Sc. DEGREE IN GEOLOGY TO THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY 19 8 5
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STRUCTURAL/ STRATIGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS OF THE JURASSIC
CRETACEOUS~ EOCENE BASINS IN THE VICINITY OF THE QAROUN
AREA ,WESTERN DESERT, EGYPT, USING SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL
AND GEOPHYSICAL DATA
BY
TAMMAM MOHAMED TAMMAM
B. Sc. GEOLOGY
THESIS
PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT
/FOR THE M.Sc. DEGREE IN GEOLOGY
TO
THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
19 8 5
N 0 T E
The present thesis is submitted to the Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams university in partial fulfillment for the
requirements of Master of science in geoloqy.
Besides the regearch work materialized in this thesis
the author did attend l!l'ine post graduate courses for one acad-
ernie year in the following topics :
ll Field Geology
2) Geologic techniques
3) Petrophysical properties of rocks
4) Structural geoloqy
5) Geotectonic
6) Subsurface geoloqy
7 ) Electric methods
8) Sedimentation
9 l English language.
He has successfully passed the final examination of
these courses.
Prof. Dr. M.A. BASSIOUNI
17· A Head of Geology De[Jartment
Faculty of Science
Ain Shams University
A C K N D W L E D G E M E N T
The author wishes to express his thanks to Professor
Dr. M. A. Bassiouni, Head of the Geology Department, Faculty
of Science, Ain Shams Universty, for his kind help by offering
the facili,ties of the department during the preparation of
this work.
Special thanks are due to Prof. Dr. Omar H. Cherif
Professor, in the Department of Geology, Faculty of Science,
Ain Shams universty, to Dr. Ahamed s. A. Abu El-Ata lecturer
of Geophysics in the same Department and to Dr. P. S. Feather
stone Geophysist in Shell Winning N.V. Co., Cairo, for their
suggestion of the point of research, supervision of the work
and revision of the manuscript of this thesis.
Iam also very gratefull to the members of the E.G.P.C
exploration department and specially to Mr. Hedeiwy for their
support and encouragement.
- ii -
LIST OF CONTENTS
Subject
Chapter
No.
Page
No.
I. INTRODUCTION
l.
2 •
3 •
Location of the study area
History of oil exploration activity
Aims and scope of the present work
l
l
l
4
II. PREVIOUS WORK 5
III. STRATIGRAPHY 9
9
9
IV.
l.
2 •
3 .
Generalities
Main Stratisraphic units
2. 1. Basement canplex 9
2. 2. Paleozoic rocks 12
2.3. Triassic rocks 12
2.4. Jurassic rocks 12
2. 5. Cretaceous rocks 14
2.6. Paleocene,Lower and Middle Eocene 17
2. 7. Upper Eocene - Oligocene 18
2.8. Miocene 18
Correlation. 19
SUBSURFACE EVALUATION 24
24 1. Introduction
2. Isopach, facies and environments of the
Gindi Formation
3. Isopach, facies and environments of the
Khoman Formation
24
34
- iii -
Chapter
No. Subject
v.
VI.
4 •
5.
Isopach, facies and environment of the
Abu Roash Formation
4.1. Abu Roash "F" Member
4. 2. Abu Roa sh "G" Member
Isouach, facies and environments of the
Bahariya Formation
6. Isopach, facies and environments of the
Kharita Formation
7 • Geological history
GEOPHYSICAL INTERPRETATION
l.
2 .
3 .
4.
Introduction
Seismic methods
2.1. Seismic data
2.2. Velocity data
2.3. Seismic Interpretation
Gravity methods
3. l. Gravity map
3.2. Gravity interpretations
3.3. Gravity modelling
Magnetic methods
STRUCTURES AND TECTONICS
l.
2 •
Introduction
Structura 1 features
2.1. Folds
2.2. Faults
2.3. Unconformities
Page
No.
36
36
38
40
45
45
so 54
57
57
57
58
60
60
69
69
71
73
77
80
80
80
81
83
88
- i \: -
Cha12ter Pa9:e. Subject
No. No.
3 • Trend analysis 91
3. 1. Azimuth - length frequency diagram
for the Khcman faults 93
3 . 2. Azimuth - length frequency diagram
for the Bahariya faults 93
4. Tectonic elements 98
5. Tectonic regi~e 102
VII. HYDROCARBON POTENTIALITIES 104
1. Introduction 104
2. Stratigraphic sequence 104
2 .1. Source rocks 105
2. 2 • Reservoir rocks 106
2. 3 . Cap rocks 107
3. Trans£ ormation cycle 108
3. 1. Oil generation 108
3. 2. Oil migration 109
3 . 3 • Oil accumulation 111
4 . Entrapping style 112
4 .1. Structura 1 traps 112
4 . 2 • Stratigraphic traps 115
4. 3 . Combined traps 115
5. Case history of drilling results 115
VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 118
IX. REFERENCES 12 cj
Fig.
No.
- v -
LIST OF FIGURES
Subject ~
No.
l. Index rna p of the study area.. . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . 2
2. Surface features............................ 3
3. Generalized stratigraphy of the eastern part 10