Are Ohio’s most valuable products grown, manufactured, or mined?

Are Ohio’s most valuable

products grown, manufactured,

or mined?

We will learn…

• How oil and natural gas are formed

• Where they are found

• How they are extracted from the ground

• What products we use every day are made from petroleum

Introduction to Petroleum!

Fossil Fuels – Nature’s Batteries

80% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels• Oil• Natural gas• Coal

Fossil fuels were forming before dinosaurs lived

http://www.petrostrategies.org/Learning_Center/exploration.htm

Formation of Coalhttp://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm

How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use?

1. Exploration2. Drilling and Production3. Extraction4. Refining5. Transportation

1 2 3 4 5

1. Exploration: a treasure hunt to find oil and gas

• Geologists study rocks on the Earth’s surface and underground

• Geologists make a map of the rocks where they think coal, oil and gas might be found

Photo by John Simmons, OnTV© The Geological Society of London www.geolsoc.org.uk

Oils and Gas Are Often Found Together

• Oil is a liquid• Gas is in a gaseous

(invisible) state – like air

• Oil and gas move through sand as a team

Where Do Oil and Gas Come From?

Microscopic View

Gas

Oil

Water

Source Rock (Fossils)

Oil drops in grains of sand

Oil and Gas Are Found On Land and under Water

http://www.geomore.com/oil-and-gas-traps/

Tools used to find oil

Tools used to find oil

Initially oil and natural gas exploration was as simple as locating surface seeps or places where oil and gas had been discovered accidentally while digging or drilling for water.

Tools used to find oil

Seismology, like echolocation, uses vibration and reflection to locate the seams between geographic layers. http://www.sjvgeology.org/oil/exploration.html

vibroseis trucks

Tools used to find oil

Off-shore seismology

Tools used to find oil

Geologist can study aerial photographs and images from satellites.

Tools used to find oil

Outcrop surveys

Tools used to find oil

Data regarding magnetic fields, gravity and radiation are collected and analyzed

Geology of Ohio

.

Geology of Ohio

http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/OhioGeologicalSurvey/tabid/7105/Default.aspx

How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use?

1. Exploration2. Drilling and Production3. Extraction4. Refining5. Transportation

1 2 3 4 5

2. Drilling and Production

• Engineers use the geology map to drill a well under the Earth’s surface using a “rig”

• If successful, the well will bring a steady flow of oil and gas to the surface

http://www.geomore.com/oil-and-gas-traps/

.

The only way to know for sure is to drill…

2. Drilling and Production

Production

• Or in the case of coal, to dig…

Extraction of Gas and Oil

• After the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head.

• An electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever.

• The lever pushes and pulls, forcing the pump up and down, and creates a suction that draws up the oil.

Extraction of Coal

Production of Coal

http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/ http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/where-is-coal-found/

4. Transportation

• Crude oil, coal and refined products are transported across the water in barges and tankers.

• On land crude oil and products are moved using pipelines, trucks, and trains.

Photo above courtesy of BP

5. Refining

Crude oil is a mixture. Remember mixtures?

Refining is separating the components of the mixture.

Refining

• Chemicals and heat are used to remove water and solids

• Natural gas is separated• Cracking and rearranging

molecules prepares the finished products

• Oil is then stored in tanks.

Photo courtesy of © BP p.l.c.

• http://chemistry.tutorvista.com/biochemistry/petrochemicals.html

Let’s talk LAB!

Where Would We Be Without Petroleum?

You can kiss lipstick good-bye.

Artificial HeartsAspirinBalloonsBandagesBlendersCamerasCandlesCD PlayersClothingCompact Discs/DVDsComputersContainersCrayonsCredit CardsDenturesDeodorantDigital ClocksDyes

FertilizersFood PreservativesFootballsFurnitureGarbage BagsGlassesGlueGolf BallsHair DryersHang GlidersHouse PaintInkInsecticidesLife JacketsLipstickLuggageMedical EquipmentMedicines

MP3 PlayersPantyhosePatio ScreensPerfumesPhotographic FilmPhotographsPiano KeysRoller BladesRoofingShampooShaving CreamSoft Contact LensesSurfboardsTelephonesTentsToothpasteToysUmbrellas