Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and - ubora-biomedical.orgubora-biomedical.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IV.-Arduino-and... · Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and manufacturing

Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and manufacturing

Enrique Chacón Tanarro

11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi Enrique Chacón Tanarro

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Index

1. Arduino

2. Arduino programming

3. Matlab controlling arduino

11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi 2

1. Ardunio

Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy to use hardware and software (https://www.arduino.cc/ )


ENVIROMENT

Sensors:

• Temperature • Pressure • Light • Proximity • Acceleration • …

Actuators:

• Motors • Relays • Valves • Piezoelectrics • Diode led • …

ARDUINO ENVIROMENT INTERACTION

https://www.arduino.cc/



1.1. Enviroment

Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy to use hardware and software (https://www.arduino.cc/ )


ENVIROMENT

Sensors:


Actuators:






1.1. Enviroment

Arduino can receive environment information from 2 ways:

A) USER

• Physical: switches, buttons, potentiometers,…

• Virtual


Arduino PC - Matlab

1.1. Enviroment

Arduino can receive environment information from 2 ways:

B) SENSORS


Temperature

Termoresistance

Light

Fotoresistence

Pressure

Piezoelectric

Fluids Mechanical contact

Position /

Velocity

Encoder

Aceleration

Accelerometers

Movement

Movement

sensor Sound

Microphone

Gas

1.1. Enviroment

EXAMPLE: How can we measure the luminosity of this room?


LDR resistance varies its resistance as a function of light

A0 pin voltage depends on the LDR resistance

Light Ω

1.2. Arduino board

What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors, touchscreens, etc.


ENVIROMENT

Sensors:


Actuators:



1.2. Arduino board


https://www.robomart.com

Arduino ONE board

Digital Information

Programmable integrated circuit

Fundamental parts: • CPU (calculation speed) • Memory (code complexity) • Input and output peripherals

(number of signals to be controlled

Analogical Information

Arduino board selection

1.2. Arduino board


Arduino board selection

• Arduino Uno

• Arduino ProMini

• Arduino Nano

• Arduino Micro

• Arduino Mega 2560

• Arduino Mega ADK (android)

• Arduino Gemma

• Arduino Leonardo

• Arduino Yún (ethernet)

• Arduino Cactus (WiFi)

1.2. Arduino board


Arduino UNO board

Analogical input Digital input/output

• 6 input pins A0,A1,A2,...

• Voltage range: 0 - 5V

• Precision: 5V / 1024 values = 5mV

• 14 pins 0-13

• Sensors and actuators are connected in these pins. They must declared (software) is INPUT or OUTPUT.

• Voltage: 5V (HIGH) - 0V (LOW).

• Max. pin current: 40 mA. Max. total pins current: 200 mA.

1.2.1. Electronic components

What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors, touchscreens, etc.?


ENVIROMENT

Sensors:


Actuators:



ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

Pro

tob

oar

d

1.2.1. Electronic components


Transistors

Generate an output signal in response to an input signal

Functions: switch, amplifier, oscillator or rectifier

Diodes

Current circulation is only allowed in one direction

Many types:

Resistences

Correct resistance selection:

Cathode Anode

Current direction

base

collector

emitter

power

Great output signal

power

Low input signal Switch

application

Zener

Used as a constant voltage source

LED

(light emitting diode)

Photodiode

Allows reverse current

when light falls on it

Generic

Mostly used as rectifier for

converting AC to DC and

motor protection

I = V/R

1, 2 or 3 red or yellow LED (1,8-2,1V)

1.3. Environment interaction

What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors, touchscreens, etc.


ENVIROMENT

Sensors:


Actuators:



1.3. Environment interaction


Movement

• Relays

• Valves

• Motors

• Etc.

Signal

• Display

• Leds

• Buzzer

• Etc.

Servomotor

or

Light, valve, etc.

open-close control

1.3.1. PWM outputs


¿Are there analogical outputs in ARDUINO? Digital PWM

PWM pins allows us to simulate an analog behaviour applying a continuous value. Arduino ONE board pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 ,11

How does it work?

Instead of a continuous signal

Pulses of square signals (490Hz)

We can varied pulse duration

Desired analog voltage = voltage average

Period

Pulse width

Average

Average

1.3.1. PWM outputs


EXAMPLE: How can we vary the DC electric motor speed?

Motor speed varies dependidng on the voltage applied to pin 9

Transistor with protection resistance

Motor con diodo de protección

External power supply


1) Install the free software from arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

2) Conect Arduino board to the computer. Drivers will be installed automatically.

3) Open the software


Co

mp

ile

Up

load

New

Op

en

Save

code writing area

Software messages: errors and actions


Arduino is programmed in C/C++

The algorithm consist of:


• Fundamental structures

• Variables y constants

• Mathematical, logical and Boolean operators

• Control structures (conditionals, cycles)

• Functions

2.1. Fundamental structures


Initial configuration code Only executed once

loop() is executed after setup () and keeps running until the Arduino is disconnected

Both functions are usually preceded by void These are functions without an output or result.

2.2. Variables, constants, mathematical, logical and Boolean operators

• Variables: Boolean open=true; int conta=5; char id=‘a’;

• Constants: const float pi = 3.14

• Mathematical operators: = , - , + , / ,…

• Logical operators: == , > , != , <= ,…

• Boolean operators: && (and) , II (or) ,…


2.3. Control structures


If

if (input<500) // action A else // action B

Switch/case

switch (var) case 1: // action A break; case 2: // action B break; default: // action B

For

for (int a=0; a>10; a++) // repeated action

While

while (a<10) // repeated action a++;

2.4. Functions


pinMode()

Configurates a pin PinMode(pin,mode)

pinMode(13, OUTPUT);

pinMode(a, INPUT);

digitalWrite()

Writes 1 or 0 in a digital pin digitalWrite(pin,state)

digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

digitalWrite(13, LOW);

digitalRead()

Reads 1 or 0 in a digital pin digitalRead(pin)

int a = digitalRead(13);

analogRead()

Reads an analog pin (0-1023) analogRead(pin)

int a = analogRead(A0);

analogWrite() PWM

Reads an analog value (0-255) analogWrite(pin, PWM value)

analogWrite(9, 134);

Digital functions Analytical functions

2.4. Functions


Advance

Random numbers

External interruptions

Time

Mathematical

Communication

3. Arduino programming with Matlab

Benefits of using MATLAB for Arduino programming:

• Read/write sensor data interactively without waiting for your code to compile

• Analyze your sensor data using pre-built Matlab functions for signal processing, machine learning, mathematical modeling, …

• Quickly visualize your data (MATLAB plot types)

Disadvantage:

• Speed data trasnmision

NOTES:

• Is our arduino board compatible? https://es.mathworks.com/hardware-support/arduino-matlab.html

• Only allowed Matlab 2014 and later versions

More info: https://es.mathworks.com/discovery/arduino-programming-matlab-simulink.html


https://es.mathworks.com/videos/arduino-and-matlab-reading-inputs-and-writing-outputs-106502.html

https://es.mathworks.com/hardware-support/arduino-matlab.html





3. Arduino programming with Matlab

Examples

• Mapping your surroundings using MATLAB and Arduino https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaF81W-l6Xg


Ultrasonic distance sensor

Servomotor

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaF81W-l6Xg





4. Practical studies


Case 1: Blink led L

Aim: Arduino software/conect introduction

Steps:

1. Open arduino software

2. Open “blink” example

3. Read the code and understand it

4. Select the board and the port.

5. Load the code on the Arduino board. Few seconds after the "uploaded“ message appears, we see the LED blinking

4. Practical studies


Case 2: Touch lamp

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731053


Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and - ubora-biomedical.orgubora-biomedical.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IV.-Arduino-and... · Arduino and Matlab for prototyping and manufacturing

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