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The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 (Russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-21)
(NATO reporting name "Fishbed"), and
popularly nicknamed "balalaika", from the aircraft's
planform-view resemblance to the famous Russian stringed
musical instrument, is a supersonic jet fighter aircraft,
designed and built by the Mikoyan-Gurevich Design Bureau
in the Soviet Union. Some 50 countries over four continents have
flown the MiG-21, and it still serves many nations
a half-century after its maiden flight. The plane has the
distinction of holding a number of aviation records,
including 1) most produced jet aircraft in aviation history 2)
most produced combat aircraft since World War II and
3) longest production run of a combat aircraft. Its Mach 2
capability exceeds the top speed of many later modern
fighter types. It has been estimated that more than 10,000
MiG-21s were built [2].
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MiG-21
Role Fighter
Manufacturer
First flight
Introduced
Primary users
10,352[1]
Variants
MiG-21bis of 1st Naval Fighter Sqn., Polish Air Force.
Mikoyan-Gurevich OKB
14 June 1956
1959
Soviet Air Force
Indian Air Force
Romanian Air Force
Vietnam People's Air Force
Number built
10,158 were made in the USSR, another 194 in the
Czechoslovak republic
Ye-150
Ye-152
Chengdu J-7
Contents [hide]
● 1 Development
● 2 Technical description
● 3 Operational history
● 4 Variants
● 5 Operators
● 6 Specifications (Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-
21bis)
● 7 See also
● 8 References
�❍ 1.1 Production
�❍ 3.1 Vietnam
�❍ 3.2 Middle East
�❍ 3.3 India
�❍ 3.4 Former Yugoslavia
�❍ 3.5 Africa
�❍ 3.6 Romania
�❍ 4.1 Foreign variants
�❍ 5.1 Current operators
�❍ 5.2 Former operators
�❍ 5.3 Civil operators
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The MiG 21 jet fighter was a continuation of Soviet jet
fighters, starting with the subsonic MiG-15, MiG-17, and
the low-supersonic MiG-19. A number of experimental Mach 2
Soviet designs were based on nose intakes with
either swept-back wings, such as the Sukhoi Su-7, or tailed
deltas, of which the MiG-21 would be the most successful.
The E-5 prototype of the MiG-21 was first flown in 1955 and made
its first public appearance during the
Soviet Aviation Day display at Moscow's Tushino Airport in June
1956. The first delta-wing prototype, named Ye-4
(or E-4) flew on 14 June 1956, and the production MiG-21 entered
service in early 1959. Employing a
delta configuration, the MiG-21 was the first successful Soviet
aircraft combining fighter and interceptor
characteristics in a single aircraft. It was a lightweight
fighter, achieving Mach 2 with a relatively low-
powered afterburning turbojet, and is thus comparable to the
American F-104 Starfighter and French Dassault
Mirage III.
When the MiG-21 was first introduced, it exhibited several
flaws. Its early version air-to-air missiles, the Vympel K-
13 (NATO reporting name AA-2 'Atoll'), were not successful in
combat, and its gyro gunsight was easily thrown off
in high-speed maneuvers, making the initial version of the
MiG-21 an ineffective aircraft. These problems
were remedied, and during the Middle Eastern and Vietnam wars,
the MiG-21 proved to be an effective
aircraft. Subsequent MiG-21 models added design modifications to
incorporate lessons learned in these wars.
Like many aircraft designed as interceptors, the MiG-21 had a
short range. This was not helped by a design
defect where the center of gravity shifted rearwards once
two-thirds of the fuel had been used. This had the effect
of making the plane uncontrollable, resulting in an endurance of
only 45 minutes in clean condition. The delta
wing, while excellent for a fast-climbing interceptor, meant any
form of turning combat led to a rapid loss of
speed. However, the light loading of the aircraft could mean
that, at 50% fuel and with two Atolls, a climb rate
of 58,000 ft (17,670 m) per minute was possible, not far short
of the performance of the later F-16A. Given
a skilled pilot and capable missiles, it could give a good
account of itself against contemporary fighters. It
was replaced by the newer variable-geometry MiG-23 and MiG-27
for ground support duties. However, not until
the MiG-29 would the Soviet Union ultimately replace the MiG-21
as a maneuvering dogfighter to counter
new American air superiority types.
The MiG-21 was exported widely and continues to be used well
past the time where it might have been
considered obsolete. The aircraft's simple controls, engine,
weapons, and avionics were typical of Soviet-era
military designs. While technologically inferior to the more
advanced fighters it often faced, low production
and maintenance costs made it a favorite of nations buying
Eastern Bloc military hardware.
Due to the lack of available information, early details of the
MiG-21 were often confused with those of the
similar Sukhoi fighters also under development. Jane's All
Development
● 9 External links
�❍ 8.1 Bibliography
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the World's Aircraft
1960-1961 describes the "Fishbed" as a Sukhoi design, and uses
an illustration of
the Su-9 'Fishpot'.
A total of 10158 (some sources say 10645) were built in the
USSR. They were produced in three factories, in the
GAZ 30 in Moscow (also known as Znamiya Truda), in GAZ 21 in
Gorky[3] and in GAZ 31 in Tbilisi. The type of
"MiG" manufactured differed. Gorky built single-seaters for the
Soviet forces. Moscow built single-seaters for
export and Tbilisi manufactured the twin-seaters both for export
and for the USSR. However, there are
exceptions. The MiG-21R and MiG-21bis for export and for the
USSR were built in Gorky, 17 single-seaters were
built in Tbilisi (probably MiG-21F), the MiG-21MF was first
built in Moscow and then Gorky, and the MiG-21U was
built in Moscow as well as in Tbilisi. The count for each
factory is:
The MiG-21 is a single-engined jet fighter aircraft capable of
supersonic flight. [2] [3]
The MiG-21 has a delta wing. The sweep angle on the leading edge
is 57° with a TsAGI S-12 airfoil. The angle
of incidence is 0° while the dihedral angle is -2°. On the
trailing edge there are ailerons with an area of 1.18 m²,
and flaps with an area of 1.87 m². In front of the ailerons
there are small wing fences.
A semi-monocoque with an elliptical profile with a maximum width
of 1.24m. The air flow to the engine is
regulated by a cone in the air intake. Up until the MiG-21PF it
is three staged. On speeds up to M=1,5 it is
fully retracted, between speeds of M=1.5 and M=1.9 it is in the
middle position, and with speeds higher than
M=1.9 it is in the maximum forward position. However, on the
MiG-21PF it adapts to the actual speed, according
to the UVD-2M system aboard the aircraft, which monitors the
pressure in front and behind the compressor of
the engine. On both side of the nose there are gills to supply
the engine with more air while on the ground and
during takeoff. In the first variant of the MiG-21, the pitot
tube is on the bottom of the nose; after the MiG-21P,
every version of the -21 has this tube situated on the top of
the air intake. The cabin is pressurized and
air conditioned. The canopy up until the MiG-21PFM opens on a
hinge on the front of the canopy. When ejecting,
the SK-1 ejection seat connects with the canopy making a capsule
to enclose the pilot and protect him from
the airflow, after which it would separate and the pilot would
parachute down. However, the canopy took too long
to separate and some pilots were killed after ejecting at low
altitudes. On the MiG-21PFM the canopy opens on
Production
● 5278(or 5765) in Gorky
● 3203 in Moscow
● 1677 in Tbilisi [1]
Technical description
Wing
Fuselage
Mig-21 at Aleksotas Airport
(S. Dariaus / S. Gireno), Kaunas
(EYKS)
MiG-21 cockpit
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a hinge on the right side of the cockpit. On the belly of the
plane there are three air brakes, two at the front and
one at the back. The front brakes have an area of 0.76 m², and a
deflection angle of 35°. The back one has an
area of 0.46 m² and a deflection angle of 40°. The usage of the
back air brake is blocked if the plane carries
an external fuel tank. Behind the air brakes are the bays for
the main landing gear. Under the body, just behind
the trailing edge of the wing, two JATO rockets can be attached.
The front part of the fuselage ends with former
#28. Beginning with former #28a is the back part of the
fuselage, which is removable for engine maintenance.
The empennage of the MiG-21 consists of a vertical stabilizer, a
stabilator and a small fin on the bottom of the tail
to improve yaw control. The vertical stabilizer has a sweep
angle of 60° and an area of 5.32 m² (on earlier
version 3.8 m²) and a rudder. The stabilator has sweep angle of
57°, an area of 3.94 m² and a span of 2.6m.
A tricycle type undercarriage with a nose gear. The main landing
gear has tires 800 mm in diameter and 600 mm
in width (till the MiG-21P 660x200). The wheels of the main
landing gear retract in the fuselage after rotating 87°,
the shock absorbers retract in the wing. The nose gear retracts
forward in the fuselage under the radar. The
wheel base is 4.71m, the track width is 2.69m.
The MiG-21 engine was produced in several variants.[4]
The MiG-21 initially achieved renown in the Vietnam War, during
which it saw frequent action. It was one of the
most advanced aircraft at the time; however, many North
Vietnamese aces preferred flying the MiG-17, since the
high wing loading on the MiG-21 made it less maneuverable than
the MiG-17. Although the MiG-21 lacked the
long-range radar, missiles, and heavy bombing payload of its
contemporary multi-mission U.S. fighters, it proved
a challenging adversary in the hands of experienced pilots
especially when used in high speed hit and run
Empennage
Landing Gear
Engines
Operational history
Vietnam
Engine Thrust (kN)[5] Variant
R-11F-300 38.2/53.4 F, F-13, U
R-11F2-300 38.7/60.0 F-13 (refitted), PF, FL
R-11F2S-300 38.2/60.6 PF, PFS, PFM, R, S, M, US, UM
R-11F2SK-300 38.2/60.6 MF
R-13-300 39.9/63.7 M (refitted), MF, RF, SM, SMT, UM
(refitted)
R-25-300 40.2/69.9 97,1kN with "extreme afterburner" bis
MiG-21MF nose landing gear
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attacks under GCI control. MiG-21 intercepts of F-105 strike
groups were effective in downing US aircraft or
forcing them to jettison their bomb loads.
By the bombing halt in Operation Rolling Thunder in 1968, poor
air-to-air combat loss-exchange ratios
against smaller, more agile enemy MiGs during the early part of
the Vietnam War eventually led the USAF to
establish Dissimilar Air Combat Training programs such as Navy
"Top Gun", these two programs employed subsonic
A-4 Skyhawk and F-5 Tiger II aircraft to mimic the performance
of more maneuverable opponents like the MiG-17
and MiG-21.
A VPAF MiG-21MF flown by Phạm Tuân over Hanoi, North Vietnam on
December 26, 1972 was apparently
responsible for the only claimed air combat kill of a U.S. Air
Force B-52 Stratofortress in history. The B-52 had
been circling above Hanoi during Operation Linebacker II. Over
the course of the Vietnam War, between April
26, 1965 and January 8, 1973, each side claimed favorable kill
ratios.
The MiG-21 was also used extensively in the Middle East
conflicts of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s by the air forces
of Egypt, Syria and Iraq against Israel. The MiG-21 first faced
Israeli Mirage IIICs on April 7th, 1967 when six
Syrian MiG-21's were shot down by the Israeli Mirages. The
MiG-21 would face F-4 Phantom IIs and A-4
Skyhawks later in the 1970s, but was later outclassed by the
more modern F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting
Falcon, which were acquired by Israel beginning in the 1980s.
The MiG-21 was also used in the early stages of
the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December, 1979.
Egypt would eventually be shipped some American Sidewinder
missiles, and these were fitted to their MiG-21s
and successfully used in combat against Libyan MiG-23s during
the brief 1977 war.
During the Yom Kippur War, in the "Air Battle of el-Mansoura"
Egypt, Israel launched a large scale raid with over
100 aircraft – F-4 Phantoms and A-4 Skyhawks – attempting to hit
the huge air base at el-Mansourah. It
culminated in an almost continuous dogfight lasting no less than
53 minutes. According to Egyptian estimates
over 180 aircraft were involved at one time, the majority
belonging to the Israelis. At 10pm local time Cairo
Radio broadcast “Communiqué Number 39”, announcing that there
had been several air battles that day over
a number of Egyptian airfields, that most intensive being over
the northern Delta area. It also claimed that 15
enemy aircraft had been downed by Egyptian fighters for the loss
of three Egyptian aircraft, while an even
greater number of Israelis had been shot down by the Army and
the Air Defense Forces over Sinai and the
Suez Canal. For its part, Israel Radio claimed, early the
following morning, that the IAF had shot down 15
Egyptian aircraft, a figure subsequently reduced to seven. .
Following a more detailed analysis after the war
had ended, the EAF actually increased its original claims and
now asserts that the results of the el-Mansourah
air battle were as follows: 17 Israeli aircraft confirmed shot
down for the loss of six MiGs. Of the EAF aircraft
lost, three were shot down by the enemy, two crashed because
they ran out of fuel before their pilots could return
to base and a third blew up after flying through the debris of
an exploding Phantom which it had just shot down. [6]
Middle East
People's Air Force captured by
Americans in museum.
Line of Algerian MiG-21F-13
fighters.
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The Indian Air Force has been one of the largest users of the
MiG-21 since its initial employment of the plane in
the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. That war witnessed the first
supersonic air combat in the subcontinent when
an Indian MiG-21 shot down a PAF F-104 Starfighter.[7] It was
also used as late as 1999 in the Kargil War. The
MiG-21's last known kill took place in 1999 during the
Atlantique Incident when two MiG-21 aircraft of the Indian
Air Force shot down a Breguet Atlantique reconnaissance aircraft
of the Pakistani Navy, which had violated the
Indian airspace.[8] Upgraded MiG-21 'Bison' aircraft reportedly
performed well against F-15 and F-16s (and even the
F-22 in restrict conditions) of the USAF during Indo-US joint
air exercises, surprising American pilots with
its capabilities. Reportedly in simulated air combat maneuvering
the new 'Bison' variants were way ahead of
the western machines and effectively managed to win the mock
engagements by a large scale. They will remain
in service until 2017.[9]
During 1991-1995, Yugoslav People's Army and Serb forces used
its MiG-21 Ms (about a hundred in
total compromising 1/3 of the entire air force) during the
Slovenian War, Croatian War of Independence and
the Bosnian War and again during the 1999 Kosovo War and NATO
bombing of Yugoslavia. Except during the
NATO intervention, the aircraft had no air opposition and was
mainly used in a ground-attack role. One piloted
by Emir Šišić shot down a UN helicopter that entered the
Yugoslav airspace unannounced. Detailed records show
at least six MiGs were shot down by AA defenses in Croatia and
Bosnia[10] and another 24 were destroyed by
NATO,[10] all while on the ground. Croatia acquired three
MiG-21s in 1992. through defections by Croatian pilots
of JNA two of whom were lost in subsequent actions - one to
Serbian air defenses the other in a friendly fire
accident[4]. In 1993, Croatia purchased about 40 MiG-21s in
violation of arms embargo[5], but only about 20 of
these entered service, while the rest were used for spare
parts[6]. Croatia used them alongside the sole
remaining defector for ground attack missions in operations
Flash (during which one was lost[7]) and Storm. The
only air to air action for Croatian MiGs was an attempt by two
of them to intercept J-22 Oraos of Republika Srpska
Air Force on ground attack mission on 7th of August 1995. After
some maneuvering both sides disengaged
without having fired a single bullet[8].
During the Cold War MiG-21s were supplied to many sub-Saharan
African nations by the Soviets. Their most
notable use in combat occurred during the Angolan Civil War in
the hands of the People's Air and Air Defence Force
of Angola. Cuban Air Force pilots also flew MiG-21s over Angola
during the War. Both Angolan and Cuban MiG-
21s often had encounters with South African Air Force
Mirages.
The MIG-21s combat record in the Horn of Africa was dismal.
During the Ethiopia-Somalia war of 1977-78,
Ethiopian American supplied F-5Es shot down several MIG-21s of
the Somali Air Force in dogfights without any air-
to-air losses. Ironically, Ethiopia also received the advanced
bis version of the MIG-21s which were initially flown
India
Former Yugoslavia
Africa
A MiG-21 Bis of the No.3 Sqn at Pathankot AB, India. The Cobra
insignia can be seen fairly visibly.
A MiG-21 Bis of the No.3 Sqn
at Pathankot AB, India. The
Cobra insignia can be seen fairly
visibly.
The MiG-21 of the Yugoslav
Air Force before the Yugoslav
Civil Wars.
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by Cuban pilots. Ethiopian F-5Es flew several simulated
dogfights against the top Cuban pilots flying the MIG-
21s without any losses. In 1999 several Ethiopian MiG-21s where
shot down by Eritrian MiG-29s in a short border
war. [11]
Beginning in 1993, Russia did not offer spare parts for the
MiG-23 and MiG-29 for the Romanian Air Force.
Initially, this was the context for the modernization of the
Romanian MiG-21's with Elbit systems, and because it
was easier for the Romanians to maintain these fighter jets. 110
MiG-21's were modernized under the
LanceR designation. Today, only 48 LanceRs are operational for
the RoAF. It can use both Western and
Eastern armament such as the R-60M, R-73, Magic 2, or Python III
missiles. They will be replaced in 2012 when
new fighter jets will arrive, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon or
Gripen.
Romania
Variants
Ye-2 (NATO: "Faceplate")
Swept-wing prototype.
Ye-4 (I-500)
The first delta wing prototype of the MiG-21.
Ye-5 (NATO "Fishbed")
Delta wing research prototype.
Ye-6
Three pre-production aircraft.
MiG-21
The first series of fighters.
MiG-21F (NATO: "Fishbed-B")
Single-seat day fighter aircraft. It was the first production
aircraft, with 40 machines being made. The MiG-21F
carried 2160 liters of fuel in six internal fuel tanks and was
powered by a Tumansky R-11 turbojet engine
with 5740kgf of thrust, and armed with two 30-mm NR-30 cannons
60 shells each, it was also capable of carrying
two bombs ranging from 50 to 500 kg each. Prototype Ye-6T was
redesignated MiG-21F.
Ye-50
Swept-wing research prototype.
Ye-66
Single-seat version, built for breaking the world speed
record.
Ye-66A
Built to break the world altitude record.
See also: Chengdu J-7
Mikoyan Ye-150, a MiG-21 derivative
Romanian Air Force MiG-21
UM LanceR-B
Mikoyan Ye-150, a MiG-21
derivative
MiG-21PFM, Polish Air Force,
markings of 10th Fighter Regt.
MiG-21, Deutsches Museum,
Munich
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Ye-66B
Rocket-boosted variant built to establish women's time-to-height
records.
Ye-76
Designation used for MiG-21PFs used to establish women's speed
records.
Ye-150
Interceptor prototype, essentially an enlarged MiG-21.
Ye-152 (NATO "Flipper")
Bigger than a MiG-21, the Ye-152 'Flipper' was a
high-performance aircraft, which achieved at least 3 world
records.
MiG-21F-13 (NATO "Fishbed-C")
Single-seat, short-range day fighter. The MiG-21F-13 was the
first mass-production model. The MiG-21F-13
was powered by a Tumansky R-11 turbojet engine, it was armed
with two Vympel K-13 (AA-2 'Atoll') air-to-
air missiles, and one 30-mm NR-30 cannon with a 30 shell
magazine. The Type 74 is the Indian Air
Force designation. The MiG-21F-13 was made in China, and
designated Chengdu J-7 or F-7 for export.
MiG-21FL
Export model of the MiG-21PF. Built under license in India as
the Type 77.
MiG-21I (NATO "Analog")
Testbed for the wing design of the Tu-144 (NATO: 'Charger')
supersonic transport.
MiG-21SPS
Version built for East Germany.
MiG-21P (NATO "Fishbed-D / Fishbed-E")
Single-seat, limited all-weather interceptor fighter. Armed with
two air-to-air missiles only.
MiG-21PF (NATO "Fishbed-D / Fishbed-E")
Single-seat, limited all-weather fighter, equipped with a RP21
Sapfir radar. The MiG-21PF is the
second production model. Prototype Ye-7, Type 76 Indian Air
Force designation.
MiG-21PF (SPS) (NATO "Fishbed-E")
MiG-21PFM (NATO "Fishbed-F")
Single-seat, limited all-weather fighter, with upgraded radar
and a more powerful engine. Improved version of
the MiG-21PFS.
MiG-21PFS (NATO "Fishbed-F")
Single-seat, limited all-weather fighter, with upgraded radar
and a more powerful engine.
MiG-21 (NATO "Fishbed-G")
Experimental short take-off and landing version of the
MiG-21PFM. Two lift engines in lengthened fuselage.
MiG-21R (NATO "Fishbed-H")
Single-seat tactical reconnaissance version of the
MiG-21PFM.
MiG-21 SPS
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MiG-21RF (NATO "Fishbed-J")
Single-seat tactical reconnaissance version of the MiG-21MF.
MiG-21S (NATO "Fishbed-J")
Single-seat interceptor fighter version, equipped with an RP-22
radar and an external gun pod. (Incorrectly
identified by NATO as the MiG-21PFMA); E-8, Type 88 Indian Air
Force designation.
MiG-21SM
Single-seat interceptor fighter version, powered by a Tumansky
R-13-300 turbojet engine.
MiG-21PFV
High-altitude version
(perekhvatchik
forsirovannij visotnij , high-altitude boosted interceptor).
MiG-21M
Export version powered by a Tumansky R-13 turbojet engine. Built
under license in India as the Type 96.
MiG-21MF
Export version powered by a Tumansky R-13 turbojet engine.
MiG-21MF (NATO "Fishbed-J")
Single-seat multi-role fighter version, equipped with a RP-22
radar, powered by a Tumansky R-13-300
turbojet engine.
MiG-21MF-R
After the MiG-21R was withdrawn from service in the Bulgarian
Air force in 1995, a group of engineers fitted the
MiG-21MFs with the recon containers from the MiG-21Rs.
MiG-21SMT (NATO "Fishbed-K")
Single-seat multi-role fighter version, powered by a Tumansky
R-13 turbojet engine. Increased fuel and
ECM capability. (E-9, block 94 and 96)
MiG-21bis (NATO "Fishbed-L")
Single-seat multi-role fighter and ground-attack aircraft. The
final production model built up until 1977 in Russia
and 1987 in India. This version is powered by a Tumansky
R-25-300 turbojet engine, and carries 2880 liters of
fuel. The engines are capable of "extreme afterburner" for up to
3 min - increasing the thrust from 7100 kgf to
9900 kgf. It can accelerate from 600 km/h to 1100 km/h in 18
seconds (the MiG-29 does it in 11,6 sec). The
climb rate is 225 m/s. In comparison the F-14 has a climb rate
of 152 m/s, the MiG-17F 65 m/s, the F-16A 215 m/s.
MiG-21M aircraft of SFR Yugoslav Air Force.
MiG-21 bis fighter aircraft of YuAF.
MiG-21M aircraft of SFR
Yugoslav Air Force.
MiG-21MF, Polish Air Force,
markings of 3rd Tactical Sqn.
MiG-21SMT of the former
Soviet Air Force.
MiG-21 bis fighter aircraft of
YuAF.
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MiG-21 bis (NATO "Fishbed-N")
Single-seat multi-role fighter and ground-attack aircraft.
MiG-21U (NATO "Mongol-A")
Two-seat training version of the MiG-21F-13. Type 66 Indian Air
Force designation.
MiG-21US (NATO "Mongol-B")
Two-seat training version. Type 68 Indian Air Force
designation.
MiG-21UT
Two-seat trainer.
MiG-21UM (NATO "Mongol-B")
Two-seat training version of the MiG-21MF. Type 69 Indian Air
Force designation.
JJ-7
Two-seat training version of the J-7.
FT-7
Export designation of the JJ-7.
MiG-21-93 Bison
Upgraded version for export and Indian Air Force is the first
customer. Armed with Phazotron Kopyo (Spear)
airborne radar, which is capable of simultaneously tracking 8
targets and engage 2 of the 8 target tracked with
semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile such as Vympel R-27.
The radar also enable to fighter to deploy
active radar homing air-to-air missile such as Vympel R-77 when
additional channel is incorporated. Russian
advertise has claimed that this version is equivalent to early
F-16.
MiG-21-97
MiG-21-93 upgrade. MiG-21-93 re-engined with Klimov RD-33
engine. Russians have claimed that the evaluation
at Ramenskoye Airport had shown that this version had beaten
simulated F-16 in mocked dogfight with a score
of 4:1.
MiG-21 LanceR
Upgraded version for the Romanian Air Force done by Elbit of
Israel and Aerostar of Romania. The LanceR-A
version is optimized for ground attack being able to deliver
precision guided munitions of eastern and western
origin as well as R-60, R-73 and Python III air to air missiles.
The LanceR-B version is the trainer version and
the LanceR-C version is the air superiority version featuring 2
LCD MFDs, helmet mounted sight and the Elta EL/
M-2032 Air combat radar.[9]
MiG-21MFN
Upgraded MF version for the Czech Air force (navigation and
communication systems for compatibility with NATO).
MiG-21bisD/UMD
MiG-21UM trainer aircraft of FRY Air Force.
MiG-21 LanceR 'C' taking off from the RoAF 71st Air Base
MiG-21UM trainer aircraft of
FRY Air Force.
MiG-21 LanceR 'C' taking off
from the RoAF 71st Air Base
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Chinese copies of the MiG-21 are designated Chengdu J-7 and F-7
(for export).
Between 1962 and 1972 the MiG-21F-13 version was manufactured
under license by Aero Vodochody,
in Czechoslovakia. Aero Vodochody (then Středočeské strojírny,
n.p.), built a total of 194 planes during this
period, under the cover designation article Z-159. It followed
the MiG-15 and MiG-19S built in Vodochody factory
from the fifties to sixties. The sole locally-built version of
the MiG-21F-13 differed externally from the Soviet-
built examples by the solid dural sheet fairing behind the
cockpit canopy, as opposed to the transparent one on
the original Soviet MiGs. These machines were built for the
Czechoslovak Air Force and also for export. The R-13-
300 engines were imported from the Soviet Union.[citation
needed
]
The production of the MiG-21bis assembled from CKD parts and
also reportedly built from scratch in
India under license by Hindustan Aeronautics in Nasik lasted
until 1984. Despite a series of crashes during the
1990s, which led to the aircraft acquiring the nickname "flying
coffin," the Indian Air Force has decided to
upgrade about 128 of the MiG-21bis in its inventory to the
MiG-21 "Bison" standard. These will serve
the Indian Air Force until 2015.
A joint venture between Aerostar SA and Elbit has developed the
"LanceR" upgrade package for the MiG-21, and
114 MiG-21s have been upgraded to the MiG-21 LanceR
configuration for the Romanian Air Force.
Upgraded in 2003 for the Croatian Air force with some elements
of the Lancer standard. Modernized for a 10-
year period but due to be withdrawn from service in 2011.
Reported to have the ability to fire Swedish RBS-15F
anti-ship missiles.
MiG-21-2000
Single-seat 21st century version for export buyers. Made by
Israel Aerospace Industries.
Foreign variants
China (PRC)
Czechoslovakia
India
Israel
Israeli Aircraft Industries manufactures an upgrade package for
the MiG-21 called the MiG-21-2000.[12]
Israel/Romania
IAF MiG-21 Bison
Croatian Air Force MiG-21 bis-
D
MiG-21 2000
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Russia now offers an upgrade package to bring late-model MiG-21s
up to the MiG-21-93 standard. This
package provides an upgrade of the avionics suite that includes
installation of the Kopyo pulse-
doppler radar used by the MiG-29, which enables the aircraft to
fire a greater range of modern weapons such as
the beyond-visual-range Vympel R-77 air-to-air missile. The
upgraded avionics also enhance the aircraft's
survivability as well as its ability to engage enemy fighters.
Other upgrade features include installation of a
dual-screen HUD, helmet-mounted target designator, and advanced
flight control systems.
Russia
Operators
Current operators
25 MiG-21 in service.
3 MiG-21 in service.
From 1963 to 1990 Bulgaria received: 226 MiG-21s. 36 remain in
service.[10]
4 MiG-21s all grounded.
12- 24 MiG-21bisD/UMD in service.
From 1962 to 1983 Cuba received 270 MiG-21 of the following
versions: MiG-21F-13, MiG-21PF, MiG-21PFM,
Romanian Air Force MiG-21 LanceR
See also: Chengdu J-7
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Chengdu J-7
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Croatia
Cuba
MiG-21-93 prototype
Current operators of the MiG-21 in bright red and former
operators in
dark red
Two seater MiG-21UM, Polish
Air Force, markings of 3rd
Tactical Sqn.
Romanian Air Force MiG-21
LanceR
A Bulgarian MiG-21 taxis at
Graf Ignatievo Air Base, Bulgaria
during a bilateral exercise
between the U.S. and Bulgarian
air forces.
Croatian Air Force MiG-21
UMD
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MiG-21PFMA, MiG-21U, MiG-21UM, MiG-21MF, MiG-21R and MiG-21bis.
160 remain in service as follows: 90
MiG-21bis, 60 MiG-21MF and 10 MiG-21UM.[11]
62 MiG-21 in service.
428 MiG-21Bis and MiG-21MF in service with the Indian Air Force
are to be replaced
24 Chengdu F-7 in service; 36 MiG-21 in reserve.
MiG-21 grounded.
25 MiG-21 in service, purchased from the Soviet Union
MiG-21 grounded.
some 16
8 MiG-21, all grounded.
234 Chengdu J-7
32 MiG-21 grounded, to be retired.
150 MiG-21 in service.
48 MiG-21 currently in service with the Romanian Air Force, to
be phased out in 2011, when new fighter aircraft,
such as the Eurofighter or the Gripen, are purchased.[13]
23 (MiG-21 Bis), 6 (MiG-21 UM) but only 4 fly
regularly.[14][15]
10 Chengdu J-7 in service.
176 MiG-21 in Service.
Egypt
Guinea
India
Iran
Laos
Libya
Madagascar
Mali
Mongolia
Mozambique
Pakistan
Nigeria
North Korea
Romania
Serbia
Sudan
Syria Arch
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124 MiG-21 in service.
47 MiG-21 in service.
Former operators
166 total examples, including 70 MiG-21MF, 40 MiG-21F-13, and
almost 50 MiG-21bis, were acquired by the
Afghan Air Force. The F-13 examples were delivered in 1965,
while the remainder were delivered from 1980 on.
None remain operational.[16]
Received 1 squadron of MiG-21 in 1973. All now retired, instead
use Chengdu J-7.MiG-21's in the Bangladesh
Air Force
Most are no longer in service
All aircraft passed on to Czech Republic and Slovakia. Many
versions: F-13 (Soviet and Czechoslovak build), PF,
PFM, R, MA, MF and two-seat U, US and UM. Never uses Bis
version.
Last MF was upgraded to MFN NATO standard. No longer in service,
CZAF have Saab Gripens.
Handed over to the Luftwaffe upon reunification.
Fighters: MiG-21bis Fishbed-N (26; 1977-1998), MiG-21F-13
Fishbed-C (22; 1963-1986), Trainers: MiG-21UM
Mongol-B (2; 1974-1998), MiG-21US Mongol-B (2; 1981-1997),
MiG-21UTI Mongol-A (2; 1965-1997)
Over 300 examples from 1962 to 2001 (MiG-21MFs grounded in
1996)
Acquired its MiG-21s in 1961 and used during the preparation of
Operation TRIKORA in 1962 in Western New
Guinea (now Papua and Papua Barat). The aircraft were largely
grounded in 1969 and removed from service in 1970.
Turkmenistan
Vietnam
Yemen
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Algeria
Belarus
Burkina Faso
Republic of the Congo
Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic
East Germany
Finland
Guinea-Bissau
Hungary
Indonesia
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Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Some aircraft are now owned and flown by private collectors as
warbirds. There are even importers in the U.S.
that purchase Mig 21s, Mig 15s and Mig 17s from Russia and other
states and sell them to civilians for around $20000.
MiG-21 passed on to Yemen.
264 MiG-21 aircraft in 9 versions (F-13, PF, PFM, M, MF, R, bis,
US, UM) passed on to successor state:
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Civil operators
Specifications (Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis )
General characteristics
Iraq
Iraqi Air Force. Probably all either destroyed or scrapped, 35
flown over to Iran in 1991.
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
North Yemen
Poland
Polish Air Force. 581 MiG-21 in many versions (F-13, PF, PFM, M,
R, MF, bis, U, US, and UM) bought in the
years 1961-1980, after 2003 no longer in service.
Russia
Slovakia
Tajikistan
Soviet Union
Soviet Air Force and Soviet Anti-Air Defence. MiG-21 passed on
to successor states.
Uganda
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Air Force of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / Serbia and
Montenegro had three squadrons with MiG-21, but
only one Squadron has survived the Kosovo War. That squadron has
been passed on to successor state: Serbia.
Zambia
● Crew: One
● Length: 15.76 m including probe (51 ft 8 in)
● Wingspan: 7.15 m (23 ft 5 in)
● Height: 4.12 m (13 ft 6 in)
● Wing area: 23 m² (247.5 ft²) Arch
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Performance
Armament
● One centerline twin-barrelled GSh-23 23 mm cannon (PFM, MF,
SMT, and bis variants) or one single-
barrelled NR-30 cannon (F-13 variant).
● Up to 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) of air-to-air and air-to-ground
weapons on two or four underwing hardpoints, depending
on the variant. Early machines carried two Vympel K-13 (AA-2
'Atoll') air-to-air missiles under the wing pylons.
Late models carried two K-13 and two fuel tanks under the wing
pylons or combinations of four K-13 infrared-
and radar-guided missiles. The Molniya R-60 (NATO reporting name
AA-8 'Aphid') was also used on multiple
pylons and six of them could be carried. Most aircraft carried a
single 450 L (119 US gal) fuel tank on the
centerline pylon.
See also
Related development
Comparable aircraft
● Empty weight: 5,350 kg (11,800 lb)
● Loaded weight: 8,726 kg (19,200 lb)
● Max takeoff weight: 9,660 kg (21,300 lb)
● Powerplant: 1× Tumansky R-25-300 afterburning turbojet, 70 kN
(97 kN with extreme afterburner) (15,700 lbf)
● Maximum speed: 2230 km/h (1385 mph) (Mach 2.1)
● Range: 1160 km ()
● Service ceiling 19,000 m (62,300 ft)
● Rate of climb: 225 m/s (23,600 ft/min but with 50 per cent
fuel and two AA-2 "Atoll" missiles, the MiG-21 can
reach 58,000 feet [17,600 meters] in one minute, under favorable
weather circumstances)
● Wing loading: 379 kg/m² (77.8 lb/ft²)
● Thrust/weight: 0.84
● 2002 Jalandhar India MiG-21 crash
● Munir Redfa
● Flight airspeed record
● Doru Davidovici, Romanian Air Force pilot and writer, in whose
narrative MiG-21 is seen as an actual character.
● Chengdu J-7
● English Electric Lightning
● Dassault Mirage III
● Lockheed F-104 Starfighter
● McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II Arch
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Related lists
References
Bibliography
External links
● Northrop F-5 Freedom Fighter/Tiger II
● List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
● List of fighter aircraft
10. ^ a
b
Avijacija bez granica web site dedicated to JNA and
successor air forces, containing detailed info on each
documented air loss (Serbian)
● Gordon, Yefim. Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15:
The Soviet Union's Long-
Lived Korean War Fighter . Hinckley: Midland, 2001. ISBN 1-
85780-105-9.
● Gordon, Yefim. Mikoyan MiG-21 (Famous Russian aircraft).
Hinckley: Midland, 2007.
ISBN 1857802578.
● Toperczer, István. MiG-21 Units of the
Vietnam War (Osprey combat aircraft, 29). Oxford: Osprey Pub,
2001. ISBN 1841762636.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: ● MiG-21.de
● MIG-21 Fishbed from Russian Military Analysis
1. ^ MIG-21 Fishbed from Russian Military Analysis
2. ^ MiG-21 FISHBED from Global Security.org
3. ^ Now called Nizhny Novgorod.
4. ^ Engines of the MiG-21
5. ^ without/with afterburner
6. ^ AirEnthusiast, Volume 100 (July/August 2002)
7. ^ The 1971 Liberation War: Supersonic Air Combat
(Bharat-Rakshak.com)
8. ^ Atlantique Incident has complete details with sources.
9. ^ 'MiG -21' safest flying machines-Chandigarh-Cities-The
Times of India
11. ^
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE3DA173DF93BA25753C1A961948260
12. ^ Airforce Technology.com article
13. ^ Romania replaces the MiG-21, Antena 3, 16th May 2007
(Romanian)
14. ^ Serbia Air Force Aircraft Types
15. ^
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Air_Force#Current_status
16. ^ "Historical Listings", World Air Forces .
Mikoyan-
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