Architecture of the R/3 System Chapter 14
Dec 21, 2015
Problems of Enterprise-Wide Computing
• Slow response time during peak traffic loads
• Different time zones, systems, upgrades
• Heterogeneous database problem
• Multiple platforms
R/3 and Enterprise Computing
• Development of “middleware” enables portability across platforms– Technologies include:
• Db replication, messaging, XML, remote procedures
• R/3 supports:– TCP/IP
– RFC
– SQL & ODBC
– OLE, MAPI, EDI
R/3 Server Installations
• 3-tier C/S preferred– Homogeneous - same OS on one or more
platforms– Heterogeneous - a variety of platforms ex.
UNIX, NT, Windows on application server• UNIX with Oracle, Informix, DB2 on db server
– R/3 solves the distributed multiple heterogeneous platform problem with “middleware”
Benefits of Multiple Application Servers
• An alternate server can be automatically selected if one is unavailable
• “Load balancing” of clients to least busy server
• Can optimize queries and reduce load on db server to improve response time
• Because it is scalable, servers can be added as more processing capability is needed
C/S Scenarios
• Centralized host computer performs all tasks including db, applications, and presentation
• 2-tier C/S - db server is separate from “thick client” which processes apps and presentation
• 3-tier C/S - separate systems for db, apps, and presentation (preferred by R/3)
• N-tier C/S – extension using servers on Internet
SAP R/3 Basis System
Windows 3.11, Windows 95, Windows NT, OSF/Motif, Windows 3.11, Windows 95, Windows NT, OSF/Motif, OS/2-Warp, Macintosh OS/2-Warp, Macintosh
ABAP/4, C, C+ +ABAP/4, C, C+ +
DialogDialogSAP-GUISAP-GUI
LanguagesLanguages
Windows 3.11Windows 3.11, , Windows 95, Windows 95, Windows NT,Windows NT,
OS/2-WarpOS/2-Warp
ADABAS DADABAS DDB2 for AIXDB2 for AIX
INFORMIX-OnLine 7INFORMIX-OnLine 7ORACLE 7ORACLE 7
ADABAS DADABAS DMS SQL Server 6.0MS SQL Server 6.0
ORACLE 7ORACLE 7DB2/400DB2/400
AIXAIXDigital UNIXDigital UNIX
HP-UXHP-UX
SINIXSINIXSOLARSSOLARS Windows NTWindows NT OS/400OS/400
HardwareHardware AT&TAT&TBull/ZenithBull/Zenith
CompaqCompaq
SequentSequentSNISNI. . .. . .
Data Data GeneralGeneral
HP (Intel)HP (Intel)IBM (Intel)IBM (Intel)
BullBullDigitalDigital
HPHP
IBMIBMSNISNISUNSUN
UNIX SystemsUNIX SystemsIBMIBM
AS/400AS/400
OperatingOperatingSystemsSystems
DatabasesDatabases
R/3 Middleware Transfer Protocols
• Front-end (presentation tier)– R/3 GUI uses resident OS resources to cut flow
of data to 1-2 KB– whole screens are not passed but only logical
control information and user inputs
• DB interface (between app and db servers)– SAP SQL within ABAP/4 environment– then translates queries into “native” SQL
More Middleware Functions
• Interprogram communications– synchronous vs. asynchronous
• Synchronous uses CPI-C, from IBM in the late ’80s
– RFC/RPC libraries and DLLs to call R/3 functions/modules
– SAP is closely aligned with COM from MS
• Transaction management– ALE -distributes db availability to several sites
• routes data, maintains security• creates IDOC master which contains info about the data• SAP experimenting with XML for internal messaging
Application Linking & Enabling (ALE)
• Allows users to set up applications and databases at distributed locations
• Not only routes data, but knows what data are needed in given situations; “intelligent middleware”– ALE checks for consistency of data, updates– uses IDOCS to send message between loosely
coupled systems, with possibly dif. R/3 ver.– Asynchronous RFC means if system is down on
target it will retry again
R/3 Distribution Scenarios• Initially, R/3 was designed with one
centralized db in mind (from late ’80s)
• ALE technology was developed to enable different integration scenarios– Contained in Business Blueprint
• Centralized, integrated DB and application server
• Centralized by module on servers
• Completely decentralized R/3 with central db
• “Next Generation” architecture
Next Generation ERP Architecture
• What is Internet ERP?– N-tier– EC, K Mgt, CRM, data mining, DSS, BI functionality
on top of back office– Integrated tools include
• BW with OLAP• APO• Sales Force Automation• CRM• B2B• SCM
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
EAI ServerDW environments
Visual Basic
MS Office
Java
Legacy Applications
ERP ApplicationsCRM, etc
NetWeaver Adoption
• SAP anticipates that NetWeaver will redefine the company in a global manner– About 3000 of more than 24,000 potential companies
have put some portion of NetWeaver into play
– Early stage of maturity
– IBM and MicroSoft supporting NetWeaver
– SAP committed heavily to grow this in 2004 and 2005
NetWeaver Components
• SAP NetWeaver 2004 Synchronized Release as a single package– SAP WAS 6.4– SAP EP 6.0– SAP XI 3.0– SAP BW 3.5– SAP MI 2.5
• (SAP MDM limited usage at this point)
• All sold and shipped together and can be installed in one procedure– Still possible to run individually– Ramp up was April 2004
…
SAP NetWeaver™SAP NetWeaver™
INFORMATION INTEGRATION
Master Data Management
Bus. Intelligence Knowledge Mgmt
Co
mp
os
ite
Ap
pli
ca
tio
n F
ram
ew
ork
PEOPLE INTEGRATION
Multi channel access
Portal Collaboration
APPLICATION PLATFORM
J2EE
DB and OS Abstraction
ABAP
Life
Cy
cle
Mg
mt
PROCESS INTEGRATION
IntegrationBroker
Business ProcessManagement
SAP EP
SAP MI
SAP BI
SAP XI
SAP MDM
SAP WAS
Evolution of SAP App development
• ABAP & SAP Basis
• Open SQL
• RFCs/BAPIs
• ALE & IDocs
• Report Writer/Query
• Dynpro, SAP GUI
• ABAP Workbench
WAS and Java
Open SQL for ABAP & Java
Web Services/WSDL
XI, MDM, and XML
SAP BI
Web Dynpro, EP, MI
NetWeaver Developer Studio
mySAP.comApplication Hosting Alternative
• Application Service Providers (ASPs) integrate and combine• Evaluation
• Implementation
• Operation
• Service & Support
• Service offering for all kinds of outsourcing levels such as• Business Operation Services
• Application Management Services
• Platform Services
mySAP.comApplication Hosting
Applications Management Enterprise ASP Spending
Source: IDC, 1999
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
$ M
illion
1999 2003
$150 MILLION
$2 BILLION
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
1996 2001
$ B
illion
Source: G2
• Analysts expect explosive growth in both sectors over next four years
• Primary Lead Market: US• Secondary Lead Market: Europe
mySAP.comApplication Hosting
Test Drive Your Solution OnlineTest Drive Your Solution Online
Compose Your Solution OnlineCompose Your Solution Online
We Implement Your Solution Online
We Implement Your Solution Online
Financial Application Services
HR Application Services
Evaluation Implementation Continuous Improvement
We Host Your Solution OnlineWe Host Your Solution Online
Industry Marketplaces
Enterprise-specific Marketplaces
We Build And Host Your Business Community /
Marketplace Online
We Build And Host Your Business Community /
Marketplace Online
SAP Partners + SAP AH SAP & Partners
Evaluation Implementation Cont. Improvement
SAP’s Portal Play
• 3rd party services• More than 40 partners• Added value for business
professionals• Highly Personalizable
Growing Importance of CRM•Based on a recent GartnerGroup survey (Aug 2000) on customer service e-tailing sites, there are many potential areas for improvements. Some are simple; others require significant investments in people, processes and technology. Here are the top-10 pitfalls:
•1. Requiring a password to access customer service
•2. Lack of a customer service tab
•3. Lack of search engines for general customer service
•4. Lack of a site map•5. Lack of internationalization•6. Lack of agent support for new channels
•7. Lack of working channels
•8. Lack of good customer service on the phone•9. Lack of coordination between click and brick•10. Requiring software download for access
Sales Force Automation • Customer Care
Relationship Marketing • Marketing Automation
Customer Data Warehousing • Enterprise Relationship
Front Office • Technology Enabled Relationship
Direct Mail • Telemarketing
One to One Marketing • Database Marketing
• Customer IntimacyCustomer Segmentation & Analytics
CRM Has Many Components
Migrating to a New Model
• Transaction Driven• 1-800 Access• Limited Availability• Stand Alone Units• Technology
Constrained• Limited Capabilities• Cost Centers
• Call Centers
• Customer Driven• Multi-Media Access• Anytime Availability• Fully Integrated• Technology Enabled• Enterprise
Capabilities• Profit Centers
• CRM Centers
Prior View Future View
Sales Workbench
• Opportunity Management
• Proposal Generation
• Marketing Encyclopedia
• Configuration & Pricing
• Tele Sales
• Management Analytics
Service Workbench
• Case Management
• Help Desk
• Dispatch
• Management Analytics
• Routing
• Scheduling
• Spare Parts Inventory
Business
Applications
Data Stores
Customer/ Prospect/ Employee
Touchpoints
Marketing Workbench
• Database Marketing
• Data Mining
• Campaign Management
• Content Management
• Interactive Marketing
• Management Analytics
FRONT OFFICE
DATA WAREHOUSE & OPERATIONAL DATA STORES
BACK OFFICE
Leads Opportunities Customers Interactions
OrderManagement
Distribution& Logistics
Manufacturing
ProcurementFinance,
Accounting,HR
Billing
•Paper • Electronic • Fax
FACE-TO-FACE SELF SERVICE TELEPHONY
• Handhelds • Tablets • Web • Kiosks • ACD • VRU
Integrated Touchpoints
FRONT OFFICE
BACK OFFICE
eCRM Technology Architecture
eCRMLive
• Located in PricewaterhouseCoopers’ CRM Solution Centers, Rosemont, IL, and Philadelphia, PA, eCRMLive demonstrates the successful deployment of best-in-class multi-media customer contact solutions.
Customer
Telephone Call
WebSelf-service &Collaboration
Internet
Switch/ACD
CTI Middleware
VRU Available CSR
Case Management
Specialist
Queue and Capacity
Monitoring
Workforce Management
Supervisory Functions
Call Routing
Relationship Marketing
SFA
Customer Database
ContentManagement Legacy
Database
Call Escalatio
ns
eCRM Vendors Vendor Demonstrated FunctionalityBroadVision Web Personalization
CenterCore Call Center Furniture
CNT Legacy Middleware Integration
Compaq NT servers and Desktop PCs
Genesys Computer Telephony Integration, E-Mail
Grahl Ergonomic Call Center Seating
Avaya Switch/ACD, Internet Telephony Gateway,Internet Call Center, Call Management Server, Telephones & Headsets
Microsoft Microsoft ASP
Nuance Communications Speech Recognition
Siebel Systems Customer Service and Support Application, Sales ForceAutomation
Sun Microsystems Unix Servers
Symon Communications Reader Board Messaging
Vignette Web Content Management
Cisco Web Collaboration/Integration
Xchange Campaign Management
Aspect Communications Workforce Management