ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 (ARC 60203) PROJECT 2 TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) HEADQUARTERS NO 129, JALAN BANGSAR 59200 KUALA LUMPUR AIDA JUNITA BINTI ZULKIFLEE (0317766) ANG WEI YI (0317885) CANISIUS BONG WEI PHENG (0318914) CHIA CHENG WEI (0322091) CHONG YU XUAN (0317950)
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ARCHITECTURE CULTURE & HISTORY 2 (ARC 60203)
PROJECT 2
TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) HEADQUARTERS
NO 129, JALAN BANGSAR 59200 KUALA LUMPUR
AIDA JUNITA BINTI ZULKIFLEE (0317766)
ANG WEI YI (0317885)
CANISIUS BONG WEI PHENG (0318914)
CHIA CHENG WEI (0322091)
CHONG YU XUAN (0317950)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPIC PAGE NUMBER
01 INTRODUCTION 2
01.1 LOCATION 2
01.2 HISTORY OF THE BUILDING 3
01.3 BUILDING FUNCTION 4
02 SITE CONTEXT 5
02.1 BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY 5
02.2 RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDINGS 7
03 ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT OF BUILDING 10
03.1 SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT 10
03.2 CIRCULATION TO USE SPACE 15
03.3 ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS 17
04 ARCHITECTURE STYLE 19
05 BUILDING STRUCTURE 24
05.1 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 24
05.2 MATERIALS ANALYSIS 28
06 ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS & COMPONENTS 34
07 CONCLUSION 42
08 REFERENCES 43
01 | INTRODUCTION
TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (TNB) HEADQUARTERS
NO 129, JALAN BANGSAR 59200 KUALA LUMPUR
01.1 | LOCATION
Figure 01.1: Location map of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Headquarters
01 | INTRODUCTION
01.2 | HISTORY OF THE BUILDING
Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the largest electric utility company in Malaysia. Its
headquarters, located on Jalan Bangsar stands 11 storeys high and is considered as one of the
most prominent architectural landmarks at the time it was built in Kuala Lumpur, the national
capital of Malaysia.
Built in the mid-1960s, the opening ceremony of the TNB Headquarters was officiated
by the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, the late Tunku Abdul Rahman, in June of 1966. The TNB
Headquarters was designed by Mr. A.A. Geeraerts A.R.I.B.A. and the structural and civil
engineering design by Bolton Hennessey Cogan and Associates. The main contractor was Ahong
Construction Co. (M) Ltd.
Throughout its 49 years of life span, TNB Headquarters has undergone several changes
and refurbishments, which were necessary to accommodate the increase in number of staff
and the company’s output. This led to having little remains of the original interior of the
building left. For instance, the 11th floor did not have air-conditioning and was used as a staff
canteen but it has been transformed into director’s offices, VIP reception areas and dining
rooms with air conditioning.
Fortunately, the exterior of the building has remained unchanged. The good design
features and materials enabled the building to stand the test of time, and coupled with the
distinctive cube construction (based on the module of 5 feet 4 inches) of the façade, making the
TNB Headquarters an architectural landmark.
01 | INTRODUCTION
01.3 | BUILDING FUNCTION
The TNB Headquarters is located on a 70 acre site and the following are some of the functions
of the Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Headquarters:
1. Main office building and headquarters for the TNB staff
2. A despatch centre
3. Workshops
4. Club facilities
5. Staff housing
02 | SITE CONTEXT
02.1 | BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
TNB Headquarters is located in Bangsar, just a little off Lebuhraya Persekutuan (Federal
Highway). It is built in a gated area only with buildings owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad. This
area can be accessed by turning into Jalan Panah from Jalan Bukit Pantai. The TNB
Headquarters is situated just on the left of Jalan Panah.
Figure 02.1: Map of Bangsar
The TNB Headquarters is surrounded by buildings and facilities owned by TNB,
multipurpose hall, storehouses, Kilat Club house, property services department building,
Bangunan Wilayah etc. Surrounding buildings outside of TNB area include Pantai Medical
Center and the TM Tower.
02 | SITE CONTEXT
The TNB Headquarters is a cuboid
shaped building with unique finishes
resembling honeycombs. The building
is facing south enabling the
“honeycomb” acts as shading to the
building. This place is where most
important functions are coordinated.
Figure 02.2: Map of TNB Headquarters
The TNB headquarters building is located in the middle of the area, making it the core
circulation in the area. As all important buildings are connected to the headquarters building
directly through the main road, the place is easily accessibly within the area. There is a pond
and a field just beside the TNB Headquarters. Other small buildings include living quarters of
TNB workers, parking lots and buildings of various different functions. The buildings
N
02 | SITE CONTEXT
surrounding the TNB headquarters building are mostly low-rise, together with the pond and
field which makes the headquarters building stand out.
The buildings further away consist of a combination of both high and low-rise. Majority of the
buildings are high-rise contrasting to the buildings in the TNB headquarters area.
02.2 | RELATIONSHIP OF BUILDING TO SURROUNDINGS
TNB MULTIPURPOSE HALL
A stadium with four badminton courts – it is used
during events. Consist of a cuboid form similar to
the headquarters building with an additional
cylindrical form which holds the stairs inside.
TNB STOREHOUSES
Used for storage purposes of TNB Headquarters. A
large dull cuboid structure, different from the
headquarters building which has an interesting
façade.
02 | SITE CONTEXT
TNB KILAT CLUBHOUSE
The club house is completed with gym, restaurant,
library and a field. Low-rised building with similar
features to the multipurpose hall.
TNB PROPERTY SERVICES DEPARTMENT
Property Services Department building and
working quarters of maintenance department etc.
The building is newer than the headquarters
building, and as a result, it possesses a more
modern architectural style while still maintaining
the cuboid form.
TNB BANGUNAN WILAYAH
It is a cuboid form with slanted roof. The only
building in the area with a mono-pitched roof,
which is similar to the solar panels found on the
parking lots.
02 | SITE CONTEXT
PANTAI MEDICAL CENTRE
A private hospital located at the west of the TNB
headquarters. Has a similar height and form
consisting of a combination of two cuboids. Also
have exterior shadings which are very similar to
the “honeycomb” of the headquarters building.
TM TOWER
A sky scraper shaped like a sprouting bamboo shoot
belonging to Telekom Malaysia. The building that
stands out the most because of its height and
unique form.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
03.1 | SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT
Figure 03.1: Entrance hall
The headquarters building was built in 11 floors, including the mezzanine floor in between the
ground floor and the first floor. Figure 03.2 till 03.12 show the bubble diagrams of some specific
floor, as actual plans are not allowed to be publicly shared due to private and confidential
policy.
Figure 03.2: Ground floor
Ground floor consists of main lobby and receptions counter, placed at the center. There
is also an exhibition area and waiting hall beside the main entrance.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
Figure 03.3: Chairman’s room entrance (left); Deputy President room (right)
Figure 03.4: Mezzanine
The mezzanine floor consists of a room for the deputy president. The room for the
chairman can also be found on the mezzanine floor.
Figure 03.5: 1st floor
1st floor is the office of president or CEO and for executive officers.
2nd floor is the secretaries department. It contains a lot space to store documents and
files. The place of the meeting room also stored a lot of files.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
Figure 03.6: 3rd floor
3rd floor is the floor for the head of cooperation officer. It consists of several rooms for
head of treasurer, vice president of services cooperation and vice president of operation.
Figure 03.7: 4th floor
4th floor is for the management of human resources. Communication cooperation,
workers cooperation and monitor are also all on this floor.
5th floor is the department of communication and affairs cooperation. 6th floor is the
department of general officers. 7th floor is the office of benefit and administrative
management.
Figure 03.8: 8th floor
8th floor is the office of human resources management and office of human resources
and building environment.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
Figure 03.9: 9th floor
9th floor is the office of human resources management and office of connection and
enterprise.
10th floor is the benefit and administrative office floor. The main meeting room is placed
right at the entrance.
Figure 03.10: Reception counter of penthouse (left); Dining hall (right)
Figure 03.11: Presentation hall
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
Figure 03.12: 11th floor
11th floor is also known as the VIP floor, the Penthouse Tenaga Nasional Berhad. This
floor consists of a waiting room, dining room for VIP and a presentation room. The presentation
room is for press conferences or presentation purposes. There is a room called Kapar room
which is the VIP meeting room and only CEO and VIP are allowed to enter the room because it
consists of a lot of private and confidential documents. A breathtaking view of the area of
Tenaga Nasional Berhad can be seen from the dining room.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
03.2 | CIRCULATION TO USE SPACE
Figure 03.13: Main entrance
People can enter from the main entrance and go out from the rear entrance with a
straight path pattern.
Figure 03.14: Spiral staircase
The spiral staircase is the most noticeable element in this building and is placed behind
of the space. The spiral staircase leads people from the ground floor all the way to the 11th floor
(top floor).
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
Figure 03.15: Staircase to mezzanine floor
There is a beautifully built curved staircase at the ground floor and it placed at the
center of the lobby. Users just need 21 steps to access the mezzanine floor.
Most the offices are designed in a linear circulation. It is a straight path from one end to
the other end. The working spaces are organized at the side of the pathway.
Figure 03.16: Emergency staircase
People can also access each floor from the emergency staircase which is at the left and
right upper corner of the building. The roof can be accessed by using the right upper corner
emergency staircase.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
03.3 | ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS
GEOMETRY
The building is in rectangular shape. It designed in a balanced manner.
SYMMETRY
The building is in a rectangular shape and it shows a bilateral symmetry.
03 | ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
REPETITION
The façade of the building is designed in a repetitive form.
RHYTHM
The façade of the building shows a wavy pattern with a sense of movement.
04 | ARCHITECTURE STYLE
Architecture in Malaysia has rapidly developed, stemming from the cultural, economic
and political stimuli, from pre-independence era (around the 1920s) until post-independence
era, which is after the year 1957 till the current day. The architectural style of buildings in the
capital of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, has a unique range from colonial to Asian, Chinese and
Hindu influences, traditional and Islamic, as well as modern and post-modern. Most of these
architectural styles have been adapted to accommodate the local climate – hot and humid all
year round, and use of local resources.
Figure 04.1: Unique range of architectural style of buildings in Kuala Lumpur
MODERN ARCHITECTURE STYLE
The Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Headquarters is composed of modern architectural
style (Figure 04.2). Built in the year 1966, the TNB Headquarters
Figure 04.2: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Headquarters on Jalan Bangsar,
composed of modern style of architecture.
Modern architecture was a movement that came about around the late 19th century to
early 20th century, and was an effort to reconcile the principles underlying architectural design
04 | ARCHITECTURE STYLE
with rapid technological advancement and modernization of society. Modern architecture
developed as a result of social and political revolutions. The main theme that revolves in
modern architecture is the notion of form following function. Modern architecture is also based
on the rational use of modern materials, principles of functional planning and lack of
ornamentation.
Features and characteristics of modern architecture is evident in the TNB Headquarters
through its adoption of ‘form follows function’ ideal, minimal ornamentation, use of modern
materials and systems, sincerity to materials used in construction and utilizing natural light.
ADOPTION OF ‘FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION’ IDEAL
Modern architecture focuses on function over form,
which is apparent in the TNB Headquarters structure as the
building uses a simple cube form. The 11 storey building was
designed in a cube construction based on a module of 5 feet 4
inches.
As opposed to using interior walls as supporting walls, the use
of posts and beams serve the function of dividing rooms and
aesthetic purposes. Posts and structural beams are used
extensively to support the weight and load of the building.
MINIMAL ORNAMENTATION
The external façade of the TNB Headquarters has almost
zero ornamentation. However, the façade has a distinctive cube
construction and design, familiarly known as the “Honeycomb”
and a building’s signage positioned at the top of the building.
04 | ARCHITECTURE STYLE
USE OF MODERN MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS
The use of modern or industrially produced materials and
systems in modern architectural style is also evident in the
TNB Headquarters. For example, concrete blocks were used
as a finished material in the façade of the building, as seen in
Figure 04.3.
Figure 04.3: Concrete honeycombed
sculptured facade
SINCERITY TO MATERIAL USED IN CONSTRUCTION
In modern style of architecture, there is an emphasis on honesty of materials. In the
TNB Headquarters, components such as the wooden staircase and doors are stained instead of
painted in order to express its natural character.
Figure 04.4: Wooden components in TNB Headquarters
UTILIZING NATURAL LIGHT
In modern architecture, windows are used extensively to
allow natural lighting. TNB Headquarters used floor-to-ceiling
windows at the entrance of the building to enable better natural
light penetration into the interior space, as seen in Figure 04.5.
Figure 04.5: Main entrance
04 | ARCHITECTURE STYLE
On top of that, use of sun shading to enhance human comfort is evident in the
structure. The projection of the honeycombed structure on the exterior façade was designed to
prevent direct sunlight rays.
Figure 04.6: Exterior view of the honeycombed structure (left);
Interior view of the honeycombed structure (right)
INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
International architectural style was developed in Europe and the United States around
the 1920s to 1930s and was a dominant trend in Western architecture. Some of the common
features and characteristics of this style of architecture are rectilinear forms, plane surfaces
which have been completely stripped of ornamentation and open interior spaces. In the
International architectural style, visual lines, be it horizontal or vertical, can be seen clearly.
As applied in International Style modernism, the TNB Headquarters has a visual
emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines in both exterior façade and interior spaces.
Figure 04.7: Both horizontal and vertical lines can be seen on the exterior façade (left); Strong
horizontal lines on the ceiling and walls can be observed (right)
04 | ARCHITECTURE STYLE
Nevertheless, the building is technically not considered to be of pure modern
architecture as it has local influences. As opposed to one of the ideas of the International
architectural style where by the design solutions were indifferent to location, site and climate,
the design and construction of the TNB Headquarters were influenced by the weather and
climate in Malaysia – hot and humid almost all year round.
The traditional International style buildings are generally not suitable for the Malaysian
climate. Hence, International style architecture buildings in Malaysia include modifications in
their design, usually in the form of concrete, instead of the typical glass and steel structure. An
example of a building in Malaysia besides the TNB Headquarters that adopts this similar idea is
the Parliament Building on Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur.
Figure 04.8: Parliament Building, built in 1963
05 | BUILDING STRUCTURE
TNB Headquarters used different kind of materials for the exterior and interior of the
building. The materials used to construct the building include reinforced concrete, marble,
mosaic, timber, steel, iron, tempered glass etc. The construction method of the building is
concrete piling by using hydraulic hammer to provide strong foundation to the building for
nearly 50 years.
05.1 | BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Figure 05.1: Section of main entrance and foundation of TNB Headquarters
Figure 05.2: Section of ground floor and foundation of TNB Headquarters