AR. KENZO TANGE
Dec 25, 2014
AR. KENZO TANGE
BIRTH & STUDY
Born on 4th November, 1913 at Osaka, Japan Did his junior high school in Imbart, Ehime,
Perfecture 1938, join university of Tokyo, Deptt. of
Architecture 1942, studied city planning 1959, did his doctorate on spatial structure
JOBS
1938-1941 worked under Kunio Maekawa.
19630-1974 served as Professor of urban engineering at Tokyo.
Also join as guest Professor at Massachusetts institute of technology.
1946 became assistant Professor at university ,Tokyo.
ESTABLISHMENTS
After wining competition for Hiroshima peace center he established his private practice.
1946 established Tanges lab. 1961 founded Urtec (a team of architects
& urbaniser)
Tradition of JAPAN……………
Japanese Architecture had developed into pure efficiency of use and material
Structure is a post and beam grid allowing building to be flexible and better withstand strong and mild earth quakes
Space inside or traditional structure is multifunctional All the elements inside the building must be movable,
small and light. Walls are also moveable to increase multifunctional
ability of space.
Tradition of Japan Cont…
Tradition of JAPAN……………
Exterior walls are also moveable allowing possibility to completely open interior space to outside.
ENGAWA :- It is porch like space which is threshold of space creating transition from interior to exterior.
•Engawa has several screens which may be raised or lowered from ceiling to protect interior from the harsh elements.
•Proportions are accordingly KEN scale.
Tradition of Japan Cont…
Tradition of Japan…………..
TATAMI MATS – Are used for floor covering. These are sturdy enough to
walk to sit and to sleep. It is in proportion to human
scale that is roughly 3 ft. x 6 ft. Rooms arrangement is
according to these mats.
Traditional Japanese Architecture is based on nature’s philosophy.
Towards his Philosophy
After World War- II Japan’s city were badly damaged with exception of Kyoto.
Demand of the people for the immediate urban solution Japan’s rebirth as a democratic society provide architects a great opportunity.
As a new spirit of generation Le Corbusier design of national museum of western art(1955) represented a fundamentally western aesthetic vision.
Reacting against this hurried westernization new generation young architects, Kenzo Tange look more sympathetically towards aspect of Japan’s own architecture culture inspite of that westernization.
Philosophy
Greatly influenced by Japan’s traditional architecture.
Concept of ISE Shrine Concept from multi story temples. Multi functioning
Philosophy
Believed in fusion of traditional and modern architecture after 1960’s
Took inspiration from the nature(Tree) His philosophy includes city should be able to born, grow,
decay and die. Justification of function Justification of design Fundamentally rational and functional Appealing to emotions and senses Need of symbolism
Philosophy
Structural approach Distinguish soft and hard environment Le Corbusier five main points are also
included in Tange’s philosophy Pilotis Ribbon Glazing Open plant Free façade Roof garden
Architects
Idea
Tradition
Act as a catalystBuilding Form
Buildings – Olympic Stadium
Location - Tokyo, Japan
Time - 1961-1964
Type - Sports Stadium
Climate - Temperate
Style - Modern
Construction - Concrete, Steel Cable
System
Philosophy– Olympic Stadium
Concept of Suspension bridges Achieved this by channeling of tensions of
the main span over the towers to the side spans.
Concept – Olympic Stadium
He clarified his notion of typification of function.
About the Project
This project took badly dramatic forms Main two stadiums are there and linkage
is through the immense raked promenade. Both the buildings develop from the circle
and ellipse in plan and section
Area Statement
Site - 34.204 hectare. Floor Area - 910 sq. meter.
Major StadiumFloors - 2 above ground,
2 basementMaximum Height - 40.37 meter.
Minor StadiumFloors - 1 above ground,
2 basementMaximum Height - 40.29 meter.
Major Stadium
Plan is in the form of two semicircles Main principle is of suspension bridges Entrance is from concave side Roof is supported of two super pylons Main criteria behind curved roof is to
resist wind(Hurricane Force)
Structure of Major Stadium
Structure is carried by two main cables which span 126 meter. Between two main super pylons.
Cables are laid parallel to the side span and spaced apart at an interval of 2.58 meter. But internally widens up two 16.8 meter. For central span top provide space for sky light
Steel cable- 13” in size Stiffening truss is used fairly to avoid displacement of
suspension cable caused by lateral winds.
Structure of Major Stadium
In parallel cable braces are there to obtain stability Steel plates are solded on the super pylon for this
fixing details of steel cables. Outer covering material is of aluminum decking
Construction
Two main super pylons were build first Rope extended beyond these columns to be
suspended in center and side spans. Side ropes were then arranged in suspended state
and their length is adjusted to co-operate equally their load.
Ropes were bounded from the parallel main cable
Construction
Cables were then pulled transversally to expand the space between two main cables
Central span is maintained by introduced stiffening truss in them
Minor Stadium
This stadium is situated to the south west of major stadium.
Connecting to the major by a way of series of underground and ground level facility.
Form is based on a circle. Skin which roofs the building is suspended from and
eccentric mast. The roof is slung on long cable from the outside it
sweeps up to be furled or rolled up round a central protruding rod.
Minor Stadium
The roof and the space it defines compose of single individual whole.
The stadium has a Unique hanging roof system having an extraordinary asymmetrical configuration with an isolated single abutment and spirally curved main hanging member covers a conical shape.
MINOR STADIUM
Stadium dia. is of 65m. From the top of column a main building hanging
member comes down following a spiral curve in space and passes the middle height of main column and extends to anchor.
Block is at tale end .The whole roof therefore appears to be hung from summit point.
At the peak dist. Is hardly 18” deep and have grown at the bottom to 5’
Entire interior is clad in wood.
INFERENCES
Borb wire fans around each base have spoiled it’s beauty
Fins have not been evenly placed Building edge been twist casually Water which the building spills neatly down b/w
each pair of edge beams into the drainage pools
Roofing has leaked into a few places and brown rings have not been cleaned away.
Hiroshima City Plan
Construction Time - 1949-1956
Building Time - As per the Buildings
Construction System - Simple Linear Mass
on the columns with louvered walls
Climate - Humid sub tropical
Context - Urban
Style - Modern
Reconstruction of the city was done after it was destroyed during world War-II This complex as a whole has a monumental quality. Entrance of the city is from many sides. In the center of the city Hiroshima peace center is there. In the west of this conference center, children’s library is there. In the east of this memorial museum is there. In the north of peace center there is museum hall.
Hiroshima City Plan
North
Hiroshima City Plan
Hiroshima Peace Center
It is a center part of the city. This area has been directly hit by the bomb. This building is raised on the pillars. Its structure is a framework of exposed concrete.
Hiroshima Peace Museum
Floor Area- 2848.1 sq. meter.
Floors - 2 above ground
Height - 13.134 meter.
Structure - Reinforced concrete
This was built in 1952 situated in the east of the main axis.
Tange’s elevated the building on pilotis a common technique of Le Corbusier
He also look at Le Corbusier ribbon glazing to the extreme and designed floor to ceiling window.
Exposed of structure is in the reference to traditional Japanese architecture.
Courtyard was open except for the memorial which served as focal point.
This memorial has a seating capacity of 2500.
Hiroshima Peace Center
Memorial Hall
It is in the north Floor Area – 2489 sq. m. Floors – 1 above ground
1 basement Height – 12.08 meter. Structure – Reinforced concrete 50000 people can congregate around this.
Memorial Hall
It is in form of hyperbola-parabola brings together modern tendencies and techniques and ancient form of “haniwa” the traditional tomb of the Japan’s ruler.
It is set in an axial garden while the building raised as piers is perpendicular to axis and acts as counter point structure in composition of the ensemble.
Memorial Hall
Children’s Library
•Situated in west
•Floor Area – 403 sq. m.
•Floors – 1 above ground
•Structure - RCC
Conference Hall
Floor Area
24643 sq. meter.
All three are in a line joined by a bridge.
Kurashiki City Hall
Location - It is in tottery north of
Honshu island, near the
sea of Japan Designed - In 1959 Bld. Type - community building Form - Rectangular building
Kurashiki City Hall
Exterior
Kurashiki city hall has a free and ever changing façade made of a series of horizontal, vertical windows, solids and voids.
This work is a translation in cement left rough with impression of wooden building.
There are lines on the cement surface and there is a sequence of paneling
The entire mass a standing on four massive piers.
Facilities
Public Assembly hall “A” City hall “B”
Offices, Meeting Rooms, Mayor’s Office
Citizen’s squad
Material Used
Precast concrete & stainless steel. White plaster on walls. Tile roofing. Exterior of concrete. Floor is of plane concrete. Ceiling is a giant combination of dead
concrete and beams. Entrance is for double height foyer.
Natural flow of space from the plaza to the public hall and then to the counter section on second floor.
The project visualize two primary structures based on a continuous triangular section.
Within the triangular structure there are open space for community centers
Kurashiki City Hall
The general plan for the street system had been drawn up by two city planner Kurashiki City Hall s. In connection with this a site has been selected for the city hall and public auditorium.
City hall faces a citizen’s squad. Bulk active structure system is used.
Kurashiki City Hall