USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change Community CC Adaptation Plan Development in the Lower Mekong Basin: Process, Results, & Lessons Paul Hartman, USAID Mekong ARCC
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Community CC Adaptation Plan Development in the Lower Mekong Basin: Process, Results, & Lessons
Paul Hartman, USAID Mekong ARCC
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Mekong ARCC Geographic
Focus: Lower Mekong
Basin
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
1. Top down: Use modelled projections to identify climate change impacts and vulnerable livelihoods in Lower Mekong Basin
2. Bottom up: Work with communities across the Basin on adaptation planning that strengthens their resilience to climate change
Goal: Increase adaptation capacity & resilience of communities to the impacts of climate change
Top Down: Climate Change Impact and Adaptation Study for the Lower
Mekong Basin
• Temperatures >35°C reduce rainfed & irrigated rice yields
• Rising temperatures stress commercial livestock breeds & amplify costs of production
• Aquaculture more vulnerable to disease from increased temperature and rainfall
• Loss of biodiversity and species adapted to disturbance & higher temperatures may dominate natural community composition
Basin Wide Impacts
Target Provinces for Implementation
Five Sites w/28,073 Target Beneficiaries
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Approach to Strengthening
Community Resilience
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Adapta&on Decision Making Vulnerability Analysis
-‐ Revisit Priori&es -‐ Shi> OR Validate Priori&es -‐ Capture change
-‐ Translate climate profiles -‐ Local livelihood examples -‐ Joint scenario building
-‐ Self-‐iden&fied vulnerability -‐ Local Priori&es -‐ Asset Mapping
Community Climate Story (Bo$om-‐Up)
Scien&fic Climate Story
(Top-‐Down)
Shared Understanding
Planning Adapta7on Ini7a7ves
Ac&vity Implementa&on & Monitoring
Learning
Baseline
Ac7vity
Output
Outcome
I) Overview -‐ Projected community level climate impacts II) Thema7c Coverage -‐ Livelihoods -‐ Disaster Risk -‐ Ecosystems -‐ Gender
Cost & Sustainability Analysis
Adaptation Decision Making Template: A.K.A ‘The Bible’
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Bottom Up Community Vulnerability Assessment
Huai Kang Pla Village, Chiang Rai
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Huai Kang Pla Village
Sub-village: Lua Pattana
Sub-village: Pa Bong Ngam
Lang
Sub-village: Pa Bong Ngam
Bon
Forests
Main Road
Mae Chan River
Sub-village: Huai Pu
Huai Kang Pla Community Resource and Hazard Maps
Sub-village: Huai Ya No
Forests
Forests
Forests for NTFP collection
Forests
Big flood
Drought
Flood
Landslide
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Seasonal Livelihood & Hazard Calendars
Crops Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Remarks
Maize
land preparation and weed elimination
grow fertilizer and herbicide
harvest for sale (grown mostly in Huai Kang Pla village)
Upland rice
land preparation and weed elimination
grow fertilizer and
herbicide
harvest for consumption but not enough for the whole year (grown mostly in Pa Bong Ngam Bon village)
Ginger harvest mature
land preparati
on
grow fertilizer and herbicide
harvest young ginger
harvest mature
for sale
Rice (paddy)
sowing, ploughing, herbicide
plant fertilizer harvest for consumption and sale (for Huai Pu village)
Soybean grow harvest grow for sale (grown after harvesting rice)
Rambutan harvest for sale Litchi harvest for sale Passion fruit (sour) stand
preparation
grow harvest for sale to Doi Kham project
Pineapple grow harvest for sale Bitter rattan, galangal, lemongrass, banana flower
harvest for consumption and sale
Bamboo shoot, mushroom
harvest
for sale
Edible fern harvest Honey harvest only by men
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Erratic rainfall during cultivation ** ** *** *** ***
Forest fire ** *** *** **
Storm and hail ***
Landslide * ** ** *
Illness * * * * * * * * * * * *
Hot season ***
Cold season *** ** * **
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Adapta&on Decision Making Vulnerability Analysis
-‐ Revisit Priori&es -‐ Shi> OR Validate Priori&es -‐ Capture change
-‐ Translate climate profiles -‐ Local livelihood examples -‐ Joint scenario building
-‐ Self-‐iden&fied vulnerability -‐ Local Priori&es -‐ Asset Mapping
Community Climate Story (Bo$om-‐Up)
Scien&fic Climate Story
(Top-‐Down)
Shared Understanding
Planning Adapta7on Ini7a7ves
Ac&vity Implementa&on & Monitoring
Learning
Baseline
Ac7vity
Output
Outcome
I) Overview -‐ Projected community level climate impacts II) Thema7c Coverage -‐ Livelihoods -‐ Disaster Risk -‐ Ecosystems -‐ Gender
Cost & Sustainability Analysis
Scientific Climate Story and Shared Understanding
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Top Down: Scientific Climate Story
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
Activities Form
Livestock Group
Form Local Vegetable Producer Group
Form Rice Producer Group
Short Medium Long Cattle Group, Fish Group, Chicken Groups Formed
Vegetables grow in Home Garden or interspersed in fields
Livestock Group Formed Community produces more food, variety of food, and is able to sell or use manure
Pioneer local veg group formed to change from mono to multi culture
Cooperative to work with study centers
Sharing knowledge and techniques
Agriculture group expands
Knowledge on diversity of native race collected
Training program on native rice and conservation
Native rice for selling developed
Rice strains suitable for changing climate grown with sugarcane and cassava
Adequate food for consumption. Land cultivated better Reduce use of chemicals Safe food provided Sustained system of management
Adequate supply of good quality rice developed Reduce mono cropping Reduce high use of chemicals Increase rice yield Increase income
Kok Klang Village Vision: “A harmonious community with clean and adequate water for consumption and agriculture, adequate rice and food for domestic consumption, a variety of beautiful natural assets, reduced agricultural chemicals uses, and restored ecosystems and biodiversity”.
Community Visioning Sakon Nakon, Thailand
How do these solutions address the
threats? Climate Change Threat Adaptation Solution
Increased temperature
Ag diversification/integration Climate smart pig rearing Improved forest management & Water filtration
Diversified risk Increased tolerance to heat Maintaining water table (lowlands) & disease prevention from turbid H2O (highlands)
Floods and storms
Irregular Rain/Lack of Rain
Result: Adaptation Plans Developed and Initiated
USAID Mekong Adaptation and Resilience to Climate Change
• Need to reconcile differences between scientific and community lens to find common language
• Relevant timescales, threats, benefits must serve as starting point for plan development
• Education level and power structures need to be addressed to assist communities to
• CC education should focus on weather vs. climate (1st), directionality vs. absolutes (2nd)
• Identify systems, context & solutions that allow for replication from pilots
• Keep solutions simple! • Good preparation sometimes allows for good
luck
The Road Ahead Lessons Learned from Adaptation Decision Making Process